1、高考题型拆分组合练(十)阅读理解提速练阅读理解ACheck off the four cornersArizona，Utah，Colorado and New Mexico are not simply the only four American states that meet at a single point，but they also host the USs greatest concentration of national parks.This is the place to come for that classic scene of the lonely desert ro
2、ad extending to the horizon.On your way，take in such sights as the Monument Valley and the mysterious remains of centuriesold civilizations in Colorados Mesa Verde.Find beauty in the desertWith many miles of excellent roads，a selfdrive trip in Namibia makes total sense.Plan a route north from capita
3、l Windhoek to wildliferich Etosha National Park，before crossing Damaraland to reach the Skeleton Coast.The most impressive desert views are in the NamibNaukluft National Park to the south.At Sossusvlei，the landscape takes on the quality of a surrealist painting.Cross half a continentThe 1，761milelon
4、g Stuart Highway runs north to south through Australias Red Centre.It is not a road where every turn shows new wonders；the reward of this trip comes in the gradual change in your surroundings，from red soils in Australias outback to the tropical(热带的) leaves of the Indian Ocean coast.Take the high roa
5、dAmong all the crashing of continental plates that raised up the Canadian Rockies，a 144mile route was left more or less clear at their centre.The Ice fields Parkway now passes through this amazing scenery；with the access it brings to icy lakes，waterfalls and ice fields，the section between Banff and
6、Jasper has a good claim to being the most scenic in the world.【语篇解读】本文介绍了四个公路旅行，包括其特色、地理位置等信息。1Where can you experience ancient civilizations?AIn Australias Red Centre.BIn the Canadian Rockies.CIn Colorados Mesa Verde.DIn the NamibNaukluft National Park.C考查细节理解。根据Check off the four corners部分尾句“On yo
7、ur way，take in such sights as the Monument Valley and the mysterious remains of centuriesold civilizations in Colorados Mesa Verde.”可知，在科罗拉多州的梅萨维德国家公园可以体验古老的文明。故C项正确。2What can you do on a selfdrive trip in Namibia?AExplore the Monument Valley.BEnjoy the striking desert views.CSave some endangered wi
8、ldlife.DGo through the largest national park.B考查细节理解。根据Find beauty in the desert部分中的“The most impressive desert views are in the NamibNaukluft National Park to the south.”可知，在纳米比亚自驾游可以欣赏到令人印象深刻的沙漠景观，故B项正确。3What can you infer about the trips mentioned in the text?AThey provide the amazing road advent
9、ures.BThey offer new wonders across the world.CThey are for those who love various national parks.DThey are intended to raise environmental awareness.A考查推理判断。根据第一部分第二段第一句中的“the lonely desert road”，第二部分第一句中的“excellent roads”，第三部分第二句中的“a road”，第四部分标题Take the high road，并结合全文其他内容可推知，这些旅行都提供令人惊叹的公路冒险，故A项
10、正确。B (2019湖南、湖北八市十二校联考)Visitors still stop at the old house in Scituate，Massachusetts.But the house is not what brings them there.What they want to see is the old stone well beside itand the ironbound water bucket thats put on its edge.Two hundred years ago，this farmhouse was the home of Samuel Wood
11、worth.During the long summers of his childhood，young Samuel would often pause at the well.It was a welcome break，especially on a hot afternoon.On such a day he would eagerly draw a bucketful of cold water and satisfy his thirst with a refreshing drink.When he was fourteen，Woodworth left Scituate for
12、 New York City，where he started his own newspaper.Later he worked as an editor at other newspapers and magazines while writing novels，plays，and poetry in his spare time.His life was busy，and he rarely had time to visit the family farm.But Woodworth never stopped thinking of his Scituate home.After w
13、ork one evening，Woodworth poured himself a glass of city water.After that，he remarked to his wife，Lydia，how wonderful it would be to have a long，cool drink from the oaken bucket at his fathers well.Lydia had a suggestion：Why not put it to poetry?It was a suggestion Woodworth could not resist.That ni
14、ght he wrote The Bucket. In it he captured the world of his childhood on a hot summer day and the simple joy of stopping for a drink at his fathers well.His poem was an instant success.It seemed to touch everyone who had ever been homesick.At the height of its popularity，The Old Oaken Bucket(as it c
15、ame to be called) was translated into four languages，and the words were set to a popular tune of the time.Over the years，countless people have read or sung Woodworths ode to his boyhood.Today it is the official song of Scituate，Massachusetts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Samuel Woodworth童年时代家里的那只橡木桶和父亲的水井给他
16、留下了深刻的印象，由此激发了他的写作热情，文章最后也表达了他强烈的思乡之情。4Why does the author use flashback(倒叙) in Paragraph 2?ATo help readers appreciate the well water.BTo help readers enjoy city life.CTo help readers understand how hard Woodworth was.DTo help readers learn about Woodworths childhood life.D推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“During the
17、 long summers of his childhood，young Samuel would often pause at the well.”可推知，作者采用倒叙的目的是为了让读者了解Samuel的童年生活。故D项正确。5What was Woodworths purpose for writing the poem?ATo share his opinion.BTo introduce his hometown.CTo express his emotion.DTo make some complaints.C目的意图题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“In it he captured t
18、he world of his childhood on a hot summer day and the simple joy of stopping for a drink at his fathers well.”可推知，Woodworth写这首诗的目的是想表达他对童年时代农场生活以及家乡的思念之情。故C项正确。6What can we infer from the text?AThe water in the well tasted better than that in the city.BThe well and the water had a deep impression on
19、 Samuels mind.CWoodworths wife reminded him of the well and suggested putting it to poetry.DNot many people paid much attention to the poem at first.B推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“After that，he remarked to his wife，Lydia, how wonderful it would be to have a long，cool drink from the oaken bucket at his fathers well
20、.”可推知，水井和井水给Samuel留下了很深的印象。故B项正确。7Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AThe Old Oaken BucketBLiving in New YorkCGrowing up on the FarmDGood Suggestions From WifeA标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍游客参观当年Samuel生活过的农场发现了井边的那只橡木桶，引出了Woodworth的童年生活经历和那首诗的创作过程。故A项正确。CA walk through the galleries of
21、Quebecs Montreal Museum of Fine Arts(MMFA) places individuals facetoface with some 43，000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics to Inuit sculpture.While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience，a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment for s
22、ome illnesses.“We know that art contributes to neural(神经的) activity，”said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil.“What we see is that being in contact with art can really help your wellbeing.”Hlne Boyer，vice president of a Montrealbased medical association，explains that museum visits have been shown to incre
23、ase levels of serotonin，a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the“happy chemical”which helps to lift the mood.According to Boyer，the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise，making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly exp
24、eriencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods.As Bondil notes，spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction.“What most important is this experience can help them escape from thei
25、r own pain，”she says.“When you enter the museum，you escape from the speed of our daily life.”“I am convinced that in the 21st century，culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，”said Bondil.“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century，sports were
26、believed to do harm to the body.Just as doctors now prescribe exercise，they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们接受艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。8What does Hlne Boyer think of museum visits?AThey can cheer people up.BThey can reduce physical activity.CThey can slow down our l
27、ife pace.DThey can increase levels of art appreciation.A考查细节理解。根据第四段“Hlne Boyer，vice president of a Montrealbased medical association，explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin，a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as thehappy chemicalwhich helps to lift the mood.”可知，一个总部设在
28、蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hlne Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪；据此可知，Hlne Boyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。9How do museum visits affect people?AStop them concentrating on pain.BStop them focusing on traditional methods.CEncourage them not to be absentminded.DEncourage them to slow their ste
29、ps while walking.A考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“What most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain.”可知，参观博物馆可以让人们逃避痛苦，故A项正确。10What does the last paragraph suggest?APhysical activity was popular in the 19th century.BSports are considered to be harmful to the body.CIdeas of treating illn
30、esses are changing over time.DDoctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.C考查推理判断。根据尾段最后两句“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century，sports were believed to do harm to the body.Just as doctors now prescribe exercise，they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”可知，在19
31、世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害；现在，就像医生给病人开运动处方一样，他们将能给病人开去蒙特利尔美术博物馆参观的处方。据此可推知，治疗疾病的方法随着时间的变化而改变，故C项正确。11What is the main idea of the text?AMuseum visits are ideal for the elderly.BThe happy chemical helps to lift the mood.CPeaceful environment helps escape pain.DCultural activities will promote health.D考查主旨大意。通读全
32、文可知，文章第一段通过描述参观蒙特利尔美术博物馆引入本文话题，接着介绍当地医生将给病人开参观博物馆的处方来治疗一些疾病，然后重点介绍了艺术欣赏对人的健康的积极作用，故D项符合文意。DRobots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks，such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters.They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants.As increasing
33、 numbers of machines，equipped with the latest artificial intelligence，take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks，the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus，Professor of Devel
34、opmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet(LMU)，have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.According to Sari Nijssen，the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances
35、would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？”The participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma：Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons？In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human，a h
36、umanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized，the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merc
37、iful being or as a creature with its own understandings，experiences and thoughts，were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，”says Paulus.“One po
38、ssible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far.Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended functionto be of help to us.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。12What has become a concern about robots
39、?AHow to humanize them.BHow to treat them in life.CHow to use them effectively.DHow to find more applications.B考查细节理解。根据第一段“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for ro
40、bots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。13In the study the participants probably have to decide Awhen to sacrifice a robotBwhere to experience risksCwhich robot to work withDwhat robots should be likeA考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？
41、”这一问题，故A项正确。14What can be inferred from Paulus words?AHumanized robots offer less help to people.BHumanizing robots too much may be improper.CCertain moral status should be attached to robots.DConflicts often happen between humans and robots.B考查推理判断。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该
42、走得太远。这些努力可能会与机器人的预期功能(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可推知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。15Which of the following would be the best title for the text?ARobots，a Must for FutureBHumanized Robots，a New TrendCRobots Saved，People Take the HitDHumanized Robots Replace HumanC考查标题判断。根据文章第四段第一句及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。因此C项“机器人被拯救，人类就会承受打击”切题。