1、Unit 5 Into the unknown预习新知早知道.匹配词义A单词匹配()1.intrigue An.气旋；旋风()2.pyramidBn.金字塔()3.astronomy Cn.衰败()4.tropicalDadj.来自热带的；产于热带的()5.cyclone Ev.(因奇特或神秘而)激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心()6.downfall Fn.天文学()7.megadrought Gn.超级干旱答案 15 EBFDA 67 CGB短语匹配()1.fall into ruin A相当于()2.make a discoveryB收回()3.correspond to C做出发现；发现()4
2、.take backD将应用于()5.apply.to.E(因无人照料而)衰落，败落答案 15 ECABD.默写单词1n文明(社会)2v.将埋在下面3n.运河4n.残垣断壁，废墟5v.离弃，逃离6v.拒绝考虑，否定7n.扩大；增加abandoncivilisationburycanalruinexpansiondismiss.语境填词astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；was buried；canal；ruin1The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and
3、 2The truth in her memory since then.civilisationhas been buried3 is the scientific study of the sun，moon，stars，planets，etc.4A is a passage dug in the ground for boats and ships to travel along.5The old mill is now little more than a 6The cold weather forced us to going out.7I think we can safely th
4、eir objections.8Despite the difficulties the company is confident of further abandonAstronomycanalruinexpansiondismiss.语法填空之派生词1Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Mayan(civilise)a millennium ago.2The child was found(abandon)but unharmed.3The buildings were in a(ruin)condition.civilisationruin
5、ousabandoned4(expansion)was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century.5There are no previous statistics for(compare)6They questioned the(accurate)of the information in the file.7The test can(accurate)predict what a bigger explosion would do.8Her(dismiss)of the threats seemed irr
6、esponsible.accuracyExpansionismcomparisondismissalaccurately1Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的在人们心中是多么的。2.Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscove
7、ry in the 19th century.自 19 世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被。奥秘神秘所笼罩有影响力3What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至的情况下建成的。4On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas a
8、t that time：a true writing system.还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。动物运输除这些之外5Its once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它曾经辉煌的城市都，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。毁灭了词汇积累intrigue v(因奇特或神秘而)激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心 make a discovery 做出发现；发现 comparison n比较；对比；相比 correspond to 相当于；相符合 be base
9、d on.以为基础 spot n斑点；污迹 v看见；发现 dismiss v拒绝考虑，否定 extend v使伸长；扩大；扩展 impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 impression n印象impress v使钦佩；使敬仰；给留下深刻的好印象 representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表；销售代表 extraordinary adj.意想不到的；令人惊奇的 apply A to B 把 A 应用到 B accurate adj.正确无误的；精确的 accuracy n准确(性)；精确(程度)character n(人、集体的)品质，性格；(地方的)特点
10、，特性；(事物、事件或地方的)特点，特征，特色 syllable n音节 interpret v诠释；说明 primitive adj.原始的；远古的 abandon v离弃，逃离decline v减少，衰弱；谢绝；婉言拒绝 take back 退回；退还；归还；收回，撤回(所说的话或想法)21 claim v宣称；声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领；索要 22 collapse v(突然)倒塌，坍塌；(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松 23 conflict n冲突；争执 24 indicate v表明；显示；象征 25 play a part in 贡献力
11、量；起作用 26 landscape n(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色 27 unknowingly adv.未意识到地；不知不觉地；无意中 28 lead to 导致；通向 29 far 修饰形容词的比较级 30 be likely to do sth.可能做某事 31 at different rates 以不同的速度 32 fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏 33 meanwhileat the sLame time in the meanwhile 与此同时原文呈现The Mysteries of THE MAYAIntrigued by Maya civilisation fr
12、om a very young age，15yearold Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.Based on this，he believed he had spotted an un
13、known Maya city buried deep in the jungle.Althoughhis theory has been dismissedby scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets ofAncient Maya civilisation are among people.11该句是复合句。Although.by scholars 是让步状语从句。It isnt difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into C
14、entral America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids.What is most extraordinary aboutthese complex structures is how they were built without the use ofwheel
15、s，metal tools or even animal power.2The Mayas understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.They appliedthis understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writin
16、g system.It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables.It was a writing system so complicated that，so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.2此处 what 引导的是主语从句，how 引导的是表语从句。The fact that Maya society was te
17、chnologically primitive makesits achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.3But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak.Yet，withinjust a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.The
18、cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim21 its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.3该句中的 that 引导的是同位语从句，说明了 the fact 的具体内容。Why Maya civilisation collapsed22 remains a mystery.Was it a na
19、tural disaster?A deadly disease?Conflicts23 between cities?Or was ita combination of several different factors？Some research seems to indicate24 that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in25their downfall4They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains，and had dug huge canal sy
20、stems.As their population expanded，yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.By changing the landscape26 in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly27 reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.4画线部分为 that 引导的宾语从句，作 indicate 的宾语。Research also
21、suggests that those natural disasters may have led to28the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far29 fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to30 have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a“megadr
22、ought”around 900 AD.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Mayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentrates31indifferentplaces5These droughts would have led to food shortages，conflicts and，ultimately，the downfall of the cities.5画线部分是 that 引导的宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语，其中 why引导定语
23、从句，修饰先行词 the main reason。Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin32，leaving variousmysteries for later people to solve6.Meanwhile33，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，pres
24、ent and future.6画线部分是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。译文参考玛雅人的奥秘15 岁的加拿大人威廉加杜里(William Gadoury)从小就对玛雅文明很感兴趣，他认为自己从研究古代星图中获得了一个不可思议的发现。通过比较，他发现 117 个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。不难理解为什么。从我们现在所知的墨西哥南部延伸到美洲中部，自 19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙，包括他
25、们代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年 30 秒以内。除这些之外还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。它包含 800 多个字符，其中一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些则代表音节。这是一个非常复杂的文字系统，到目前为止，还没有人能够完全理解它。玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。到公元 700 年，玛雅文明达到了顶峰。然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。
26、城市被丛林夺回了。当欧洲人在 16 世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。玛雅文明为何崩溃仍是个谜。是自然灾害吗？是致命的疾病吗？是城市之间的冲突吗？或者是几个不同因素的综合作用吗？一些研究似乎表明，玛雅人自己可能在他们的垮台中起了一定的作用。他们把湿地变成了种植粮食的田地，他们挖了巨大的运河系统。并且随着人口的增长，更多的土地需要用于农业，更多的树木需要用于建设。通过这种方式改变地貌，有可能是玛雅人在不知不觉中降低了应对自然灾害的能力。研究还表明，这些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅人的衰落。最近的一些研究发现，公元 700 年到 1000 年之间，热带气旋的数量比平时少得多。这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元 900 年左右的一次“超级干旱”。许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。这些干旱将导致粮食短缺、冲突，最终导致城市的崩溃。不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。Thank you for watching!