1、第2讲 Living well 语法篇_1. 熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；2. 能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。一. 动词不定式的形式一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been donee.g. He appears to be very happy. T o catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. It happened to be raining when we got there. Im sorry to have lo
2、st your key. He is said to have studied abroad. These books are to be given out to the students. This novel has been translated into many languages.二. 动词不定式的用法1. 作主语e.g. To know oneself is difficult.在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effo
3、rts.2. 作表语e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.3. 作宾语e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence. He had no choice but to sit there as usual. John was happy to be given the job. She is hard to get along with.在feel, find, think, consider,make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语e.g. I found it impossib
4、le to work out the problem without a computer.可接不定时作宾语的动词有：aimappearagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosecome daredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwait wishrefuse attempt continue 4. 作宾语补足语e.g. I heard t
5、hem sing yesterday. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。5. 作定语e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York. On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 6. 作状语e.g. Im saving up to buy a computer. He got to the station only to find the trai
6、n had gone.不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。 1) so . as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？ 2) such . as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。 3) enough to do He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。 4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it
7、on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。 5) too . to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。注意: too.to.结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。 He is too anxious to know the examination resul
8、ts. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。三. 不定式的几种常见结构1. 不定式的复合结构e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.2. 疑问词+不定式结构e.g. I dont know whether to go to the meeting or not.3. with/without+名词+不定式结构e.g. With so much work to do, Im not able to go to the cinema.4. 用作独立成分的不定式e.g. To be frank, I dont agree with what
9、 you said.可做插入语的还有：to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先to be brief 简言之to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说to conclude 总而言之to be sure 诚然，固然to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说5. 用主动形式表示被动含义e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?
10、 The book is difficult to understand. There is nothing to worry about.高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 沉溺于be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 put ones mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起look
11、forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 make contributions to对作贡献1. （2019湖南卷）ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thoughtand inner quietness.A.Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing2. （2019江西）He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for lo
12、sing the job.A. to actB. to have actedC.acting D. having acted3.（2019陕西卷）20. _ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working out B. Worked outC. To work out D. Work out4.（2019四川卷）7. I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _ more about it, visit this
13、website.A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out5.（2019天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fitA. to find B. foundC. finding D. having found基础演练1. Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer.A
14、. EmployedB. being employedC. to employD. employs2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A.buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought3. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB.tellingC. being toldD. told
15、4. Group activities will be organized after class _children develop team spirit.A. helpingB. having helpedC. helpedD. to help5. The children all turned _the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at巩固提高1. I stopped the car _ a short break as I wa
16、s feeling tired.A.takeB. takingC.to takeD. taken2. _warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay3. Volunteering gives you a chance_lives, including your own.A. ChangeB. ChangingC. ChangedD. to change4. The
17、airport_next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being completedB. to be completedC. completedD. having been completed5. The engine just wont start. Something seems_wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone6. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to
18、the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken7. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do8. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our
19、company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operatingB. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate10. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. FindingB. to findC. being foundD.
20、to have found1.Its important for the figures regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated2. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet3. The old man sat in front of the television every eveni
21、ng, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched4. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay5. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD.
22、told 6. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remainedD. to remain7. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. LockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked8. Passengers are per
23、mitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried9. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A. to workB. to be workingC. to have workedD. to have been working10. The difference in thickness and weight f
24、rom the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. heldB. holdingC. be heldD. to hold11. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A. breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break12. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the cit
25、y by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered13. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep14. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced peoples concern over food saf
26、ety.A. to raiseB.raisingC.to have raisedD. having raised15. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed_一. 单项选择1. _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains gave him a sense of peace.A. While walkingB. WalkingC. He w
27、as walkingD. When he was walking2. _ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.A. ComparingB. ComparedC. To compare D. Being compared3. Can I have the document right now? Of course. Wait a minute and Ill have my secretary _ it for you.A. to printB. printingC. printedD. print4. I really like this
28、 song as it is often heard _everywhere in China.A. singingB. sungC. having sungD. to sing5. The door _ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.A. PaintedB. to be paintedC. being paintedD. to paint6. _ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the
29、 future of the country.A. ConvincingB. ConvincedC. To convinceD. Having convinced7. He could do nothing but _ what he had said.A. to take backB. to be taken backC. taking backD. take back8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant _ me there this Friday.A. JoiningB. to joinC. will joinD. wants to
30、join9. _ Australias relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really _.A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazedC. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed10. I came into the classroom, _ my seat and sat down to read.A. findingB. to findC. foundD. to be found二.
31、阅读理解 We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at
32、the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you
33、 to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner. Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her
34、 car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This drivers wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The tru
35、ck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjo
36、ying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.1. If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, youd better _ . A. pull out the telephone line when you are with your babyB. put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / herC. not hurry to answer the phone D. make s
37、ure your baby is not near the table2. Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road? A. The two drivers who were arguing.B. It wasnt mentioned in the passage.C. The woman driver. D. The truck driver.3. From this story we learn that _. A. there are many road accidents every dayB. the
38、 accidents mentioned in the passage are very strangeC. no one knows why this kind of accident happensD. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common4. The writers purpose in writing this passage is to _. A. remind us not to answer the phone when we are busyB. tell us driving is dangerous e
39、very dayC. remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accidentD. remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car5. The main idea of this passage is that _.A. troubles always come in groupsB. accidents may happen anywhere at anytimeC. a telephone call may cause great troubleD. anyone may have trouble on their way home 三. 基础写作 假设你叫马莉，一个叫丽丽的朋友写信要你介绍一些急救知识，请你立即回复，内容包括: (1) 如果有人窒息，你得立即给他做人工呼吸，使他恢复呼吸。 (2) 若有人大出血，你必须马上给他止血。用手帕压在出血点上并按住不动。 (3) 如有人被动物咬伤，让他把伤口放在冷水管下冲洗，尽快去看医生。 (4) 对于简单的刀伤，只要将伤口冲洗一下，弄干净，然后盖上一块清洁的干布就行了。写作要求 1. 请你就以上内容提示用5个句子写一封英文信。 2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计人句数。Dear Lily, Yours, Mary
