1、Unit 5 Into the unknown教学知识细解码 1civilise v文明化；教化n文明civilised adj.文明的2n残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地ruincivilisation3v拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的4v离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n离弃；遗弃dismissabandon1bury v将埋在下面，覆盖；埋葬，安葬，丧失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把插入The house was buried under
2、ten feet of snow.Shes 85 and has buried three husbands.He had learnt to bury his feelings.He walked slowly，his hands buried in his pockets.掩藏插入覆盖丧失2abandon v离弃，逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃(信念等)He gave the order to abandon the ship.They abandoned the match because of rain.Critics accused him of abandoning his p
3、rinciples.This is a baby abandoned by its parents.放弃舍弃中止遗弃Words and Phrases知识要点1 correspond v相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信 教材 P50 Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.通过比较，他发现 117 个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。例 1 Your account of the event do
4、es not correspond with/tohers.你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。例 2 The two maps of London correspond closely.这两张伦敦的地图很相似。造句 他的行为与观点不一致。His actions do not correspond with/to his ideas.知识拓展(1)correspond with/to 与相一致；符合correspond with 与通信(2)corresponding adj.相应的，相关联的即学即练 单句语法填空The translation does not quite correspond t
5、he original.You will allow me to consider that I correspond him through you.March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the(correspond)period of last year.to/withcorrespondingwith知识要点2 bury v埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖 教材 P50 Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried
6、deep in the jungle.基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。例 1 The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。例 2 Hed had to bury his pain over the years.他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。造句 狗把骨头埋在花园里。The dog buried its bone in the garden.知识拓展(1)bury ones head/face in ones hands 用
7、手捂住头/脸bury oneself inbe buried in 埋头于；专心于(2)be buried in thought 沉思即学即练 单句语法填空(bury)in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had left.(bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.小片段填空The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，her head in her hands.So she did not notice the
8、thief who stood beside her with his hands in the pockets of his dark overcoat.burying BuriedBuryingburied知识要点3 apply vi.申请；适用；请求 vt.申请；应用 教材 P50 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年 30 秒以内。例 1 The new technology w
9、as applied to farming.这项新技术被应用于农业。例 2 We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。造句 这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。You can not apply this rule to every case.知识拓展(1)apply(to.)for (向)申请apply to do sth.申请去做某事apply to 适用于(to 为介词)apply.to.把应用于apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于(2)application n.请求；申请，申请表
10、；应用applicant n.申请人即学即练 单句语法填空We should apply what we learnt the construction of our country.When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply the one that reflected my interest.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of(applicant)to attend the opening ceremony.Eventually
11、，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the(apply)applicantstoforapplication小片段填空Since last year，I have been applying myself to(study)the latest technology about planting.I think that we should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.T
12、hese new technology，if(apply)to farming，will help increase the grain output.I have applied for a full-time job in the village.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of(apply)appliedstudyingapplicants知识要点4 decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝 教材 P51 Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to myster
13、iously decline.然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。例 1 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.9 月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。例 2 This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。造句 他的健康状况最近开始恶化。His health has begun to decline recently.知识拓展(1)a decline in.在(方面)的下降in dec
14、lineon the decline 处于衰退中，下降(2)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事decline by/to.下降了/下降到即学即练 单句语法填空I dont know why the boy declined(answer)a question.The number of people who run the red light has been the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.The number of tourists to the resort declined 10%
15、last year5 million.by to answeronto小片段填空With his bonus on the decline，he decided to stay at home and declined(have)a holiday.to have知识要点5 claim v声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔 教材 P51 When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its r
16、iches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲人在 16 世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。例 1 Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西了。例 2 You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。造句 你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。You can claim on your
17、 insurance for that coat you left on the train.知识拓展(1)claim to do sth./that.声称做某事/声称claim to have done sth.声称做过某事It is claimed that.据说(2)make a claim for sth.要求；对提出赔偿要求即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换As the victim in the accident，I will make a claim the injuries I suffered.Scientists claimed(make)a major breakthrou
18、gh in the fight against cancer.It is claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes.He claimed forto have seen aliens with his own eyesto have made知识要点6 lead to 引起，导致；通向 教材 P51 This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a“megadrought”around 900
19、 AD.这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元 900 年左右的一次“超级干旱”。例1 Technological changes will inevitably lead tounemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。例 2 This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。造句 这可能会导致巨大的压力。This can lead to significant stress.知识拓展lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事lead sb.to/into n.带领某人去
20、/进入，使某人得出(观点)lead a.life 过的生活lead the way 引路，带路除 lead to 外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，result in，bring about，contribute to 等。即学即练 单句语法填空I want to know what led you(take)up acting as a career.The new evidence led to the high official(arrest)小片段填空His lack of confidence a lot of suffering.And the success o
21、f his father led him to believe all the roads Rome.So he told himself to be confident and just do it.led toto takebeing arrestedlead to知识要点7 rate n速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用 v.评估 教材 P51 Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates
22、in different places.许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。例 1 The disease has spread at an alarming rate.这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。例 2 The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.轿车以每小时 40 英里的速度行驶。造句 他正以每小时 70 英里的速度行驶。He is driving at the rate of seventy miles an hour.知识拓展at any rate (强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管怎样at
23、this/that rate(informal)照此情形；如此下去birth/unemployment/divorce/crime rate 出生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率rate sb./sth.highly 对某人/某事评价高be rated as 被认为即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子I may be away on business next week，but any rate Ill be back by Friday.(照这样下去)，well soon be bankrupt.(不管怎么样)，we must go there.At this rateatAt any rate知识要点8
24、 ruin n残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产 教材 P51 Its once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。例 1 The scandal brought about his ruin.那件丑闻使他身败名裂。例 2 The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产
25、。造句 这些寺庙已破败不堪。The temples have fallen into ruin.知识拓展fall into ruin 衰败go to rack and ruin 变得一团糟in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子Years of fighting has left the area ruins.The whole city lay in(ruin)after the earthquake，which made them lie awake all night.They let the house(变得一团糟)in go to rack and
26、ruinruins知识要点9 abandon vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离 n.放任；放纵 教材 P52 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。例 1 I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。例 2 The study sho
27、wed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。造句 这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。The baby was abandoned by its mother.知识拓展(1)abandon sb.遗弃某人/停止支持某人abandon sth.放弃某事/舍弃某物abandon oneself to sth.沉溺于(某种情感)(2)abandoned adj.抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的(3)with abandon 纵情；放任地即学即练 单句语法填空They di
28、scovered some valuable goods in the(abandon)house.Snow forced many drivers(abandon)their vehicles.He abandoned(he)to despair.to abandonhimselfabandoned小片段填空 One winter morning we came upon an puppy on the street.I wondered who it was thatsuch a cute puppy.abandoned abandoned知识要点10 dismiss v摒弃(想法等)，丢
29、开；把(人)解雇，解职；使离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定教材 P52 Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars,it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。例 1 Three workers were dismissed for being lazy.三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。例 2 The rich man didnt mind
30、 at all dismissing a servant from his place.那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。造句 这个男的被解雇了。The man was dismissed from his job.知识拓展dismiss sb.for sth.因为而解雇某人dismiss sb.from 把某人从解雇dismiss sb./sth.from ones mind 试图忘记某人或者某事dismissal n.解雇，免职即学即练 单句语法填空She tried to dismiss him her mind.His boss dismissed him his job making
31、too many mistakes.Do not come back.This is your final(dismiss)from dismissalforfromSentence Patterns重点句式1 whatever 引导让步状语从句 教材 P51 Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。句式分析：句子中 whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。例 1 Whatever you do，d
32、ont look for a pay increase when you know the company is going through some difficulty.不管你做什么，在知道公司遭遇困境时不要指望加薪。例 2 Whatever you want to chat about，well do it tonight.不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。造句 不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。Whatever you are doing，do something else when you want to smoke.知识拓展(1)whatever，whoever，w
33、hichever，whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于 no matter what/who/which/whom。(2)whenever，wherever，however 引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。翻译 1 无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。翻译 2 无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。Whatever the result is，we shoul
34、d accept it with a smile，because However far away we are，we feel close to each other.we have tried our best.即学即练 单句语法填空 Im unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up.As young people，we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work，no matter ordinary it is.they looked，they saw nothing but ruins after th
35、e terrible earthquake.she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.Wherever WheneverhowWhatever重点句式2 leave宾语宾语补足语 教材 P52 Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。句式分析：此句中的 us 是 leave
36、的宾语，thinking about.是 us 的补足语。例 1 If you leave the water running when you dont use it，you are wasting.如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。例 2 Dont leave the light on when you are not in the room.当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。造句 别让她在雨中等你。Dont leave her waiting for you outside in the rain.知识拓展(1)leave宾语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语(2)leave宾语分词(3)l
37、eave宾语不定式(4)leave宾语where 引导的地点状语从句/as 引导的方式状语从句在 leave 的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。翻译 1 使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。翻译 2 把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish the work byYou should make it a rule to leave things where you c
38、an find themmyself.again.即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子Hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the books(lie)open on the table.Youd better leave the door(open)to let in fresh air.He had to go home，leaving the work(finished)You should leave the lawyer(settle)the problem.If the clothes dont fit you，(请放回原处)unfi
39、nished lyingopenplease leave them where they wereto settle 教 材 P50 The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.分析：这句话的主语是 the fact，the fact 指的是(或者说内容是)Maya society was technologically primitive，这句话的宾语是 itsachievements，all the
40、 more incredible and mysterious 起补充说明作用。译文：玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。教材高考 1.They applied this understanding tothe Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.(2018全国卷).we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.2.Its
41、once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.(2019全国卷)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruiningthe atmosphere of peace？.单句语法填空1Your letter got(bury)under a pile of papers.2The written record of the conversatio
42、n doesnt correspond what was actually said.3Im writing(apply)for the position as a student volunteer.4The number of robberies in the area is decline.to/withburiedinto apply5She(claim)damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.6Eating too much sugar can lead health problems.7The city is
43、 now in(ruin)8Dont leave him(wait)outside in the rain.9Yesterdays match(abandon)because of bad weather.10 decision he made I would support it.waitingclaimedtoruinsWhateverwas abandoned.短语填空fall into ruin；make a discovery；correspond to；take back；apply.to.1In science，it is important to be the first pe
44、rson to 2His expenses do not his income.3How can I theorypractice?4They let the palace 5I apologize to you，now I will what I said.apply take backfall into ruinmake a discoverycorrespond toto.课文语法填空Many people show an 1.(increase)interest in Maya civilisation.Extending south from Mexico into Central
45、America，it 2.(surround)by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.Firstly，the Maya built 3.(impress)palaces and temples.Secondly，Maya people have 4.good understanding of mathematics and astronomy.Thirdly，the calendar they made is very accurate.Above all，they have a true writing system，5.co
46、ntained impressiveincreasinghas been surroundedwhichamore than 800 characters，some signs representing animals，people and objects and 6.representing syllables.Sadly，Maya civilisation began to mysteriously decline.Many factors contribute 7.its collapse.For one thing，Maya people reduced their ability 8
47、.(deal)with natural disasters by changing the landscape.For another，fewer tropical cyclones were likely 9.(lead)to a series of droughts，and each 10.(last)for a couple of years.Whatever the reasons，the rise and fall of Maya civilisation leaves us many things to think about.tootherslastedto have ledto deal点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!