1、B6动词和动词短语考 纲 解 读1掌握动词的意义和用法，能在真实的语境中对同义词、近义词辨析。2掌握动词短语的意义、用法，并在真实语境中进行辨析。考 情 解 读考点 题量 年份 动词辨析 动词词组辨析 2008 11 15 2009 9 13 2010 12 12 2011 10 13 2012 7 13 趋 势 解 读动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点，今后也将继续重视对它的考查，重点将集中在以下几个方面：1易混的基础动词及其词组。2与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法。3部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法。No matter how low you c
2、onsider yourself, there is always someone _you wishing they were that high.Agetting rid of Bgetting along withClooking up to Dlooking down upon易误选B在解答本题时，一些考生对所考查的动词get和look构成的词组意思记忆不够准确，从而失分。句意为：不管你把自己想得多低，总有人会尊敬你，希望他们也像你那么高(好)。根据句意，选C项。The workers _the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”
3、Acarried Bdelivered Cpressed Dpacked易误选A、B单个动词词义辨析不清导致了错误的选择。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，在每个箱子上标明“此面向上”。A项表示“携带、搬运、背”；B项表示“投递，移交”；C项表示“按，压”；D项表示“打包，包装”。因此，D项符合句意。基 础 盘 点1动词的及物性和不及物性；2被动形式中英汉表达的不同；3感官动词用作系动词；4同义词、近义词的辨析；5give, get, take, look, go, turn, break, make等动词所构成的短语的词义、词性的辨析。热 门 考 点1常见动词近义、同义辨析；
4、2常见动词短语辨析；3同一介/副词不同的动词搭配。关 注 节 点2“热”热点61(2012江西卷)We were all agreed that the cottage would _a perfect holiday home for the family.Amake Bturn Ctake Dhave答案Amake构成、造就之意。(2012天津卷)Parents and children should communicate more to _the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.Aopen B
5、narrow Cwiden Dleave答案B句意为：父母、孩子沟通可缩小代沟。narrow vt.使窄。完成句子.The children are finding it hard to _ to their new school.孩子们发觉很难适应新学校。The body _itself to changes in temperature.身体进行自我调节以适应温度变化。Having no children of their own，they decided to _an orphan.他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。答案adaptadjustsadopt.The official
6、 was _of corruption.那位官员被指控犯有贪污罪。The police _him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。答案accusedcharged.She was _at your saying that.你说的那些话使她很生气。Pardon me for _you with such a small matter.请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。She opened the door quietly so as not to _the sleeping boy.她轻轻开门以免惊扰了睡着的男孩。My speech was frequently _by applause.
7、我的讲话一再被掌声打断。答案annoyedbotheringdisturbinterrupted.He _the stars all his life.他一生都在观察星星。_him. Dont let him escape.看着他，别让他逃掉了。He _that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.他发现有一股岩浆正朝他涌来。I _but _nothing.我看了，但是什么也没看到。答案observedWatchnoticedlooked；saw.It never _to him that she would be so displeas
8、ed.他从没有想到她会这么不高兴。The wedding ceremony will _at St Andrews church.婚礼将在圣安德烈教堂举行。How did these differences _？这些差别是怎么产生的？答案occurredtake placecome about.She _a good command of English.她英语很好。No pains, no _不劳无获。答案acquiredgains,1adapt, adjust与adoptadapt指修改或改变，使某物或某人做些改变以适应新的条件。adjust调整，调节，指作较小的变动，稍加调节，比较好地适
9、应新环境、新条件。adopt采取，采纳；收养，领养。2accuse与charge两个词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse vt.指控；控诉，与介词of连用。charge vt.可以指因为小错而受到责备，也可因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。3annoy, bother, disturb, interrupt与troubleannoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦
10、恼。interrupt多指打断某人的讲话，中断某人的行为。trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成伤害。4observe, watch, notice, see与lookobserve强调“留心观察”。watch表示“观看，欣赏”或“监视”，一般被看的对象应处于运动状态。notice表示“偶然看到”，其内涵是“看到对象后要作出反应”。如：看到熟人常常打个招呼，看到一件事后在脑中进行判断。see表示“看到，看见；发觉，发现”，侧重于结果，它不用于祈使句。look主要表示“看”的动作，不表示结果。5occur, take place, happen, come about, break
11、outoccur属较正式的用语。它可以指一件偶然事件的“发生”；也可以指在一定的时间“发现，出现(一定的事件)”；它还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”；其后接to sb时，常作“想到，想起”解。take place一般没有偶然的意味，往往指事先布置或策划好而后发生，有时还表示“举行，进行”。come about意为“发生，产生”，指要解释或说明事情发生的理由，常与how连用。break out常用于表示战争、火灾等的突然发生或爆发。它是一个不及物动词词组，不能用作被动语态。happen属普通用语，happen指事情的发生往往带有偶然性或未能预见之意，happen to还表示“碰巧，恰好”。
12、6acquire, get, gain, obtain四个词都有“获得”的意思，但其侧重点各不相同。acquire多指经过一段时间的努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一旦获得很难失去，如知识等。get是一般用语，指“得到”。obtain较get正式。gain往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。热点62(2012陕西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system _Abroke in Bbroke upCbrok
13、e out Dbroke down答案Dbreak down出故障，崩溃。(2012课标全国)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _almost every word her teacher says.Aput out Bput down Cput away Dput together答案Bput out意为“伸出，长出，熄灭，扑灭，出版”；put down意为“把放下，镇压，平息，写下，记下”；put away意为“把收起来放好”；put together意为“把放在一起，组合”。根据句意判断应选B项。句意：玛丽真的擅长
14、在课堂上记笔记，她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字。(2012浙江卷)Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _preparing your business plan.Aset out Bset about Cset off Dset up答案B题干的意思是：“用你所收集到的信息武装好自己，这样你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。”A选项表示“打算，着手”，其后常接不定式形式作宾语；B选项表示“开始，着手”，其后常接动词ing形式作宾语；C选项表示“出发，使爆炸”；D选项表示“建立，设立”。根据语意及空格后的preparing可确定选
15、项。(2012江苏卷)OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up.You cant _your responsibilities.Arun off with Brun up againstCrun out of Drun away from答案Drun off with意为“带着逃走，与私奔”；run up against意为“意外地碰到，偶遇”；run out of意为“用完，耗尽”；ran away from意为“从逃离，回避”。后半句句意：你不能逃脱你自己的责任。,与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词1breakbreak away from脱离break down坏
16、掉；出故障；垮掉break into闯入，破门而入break out(战争)爆发break in破门而入break off打断；中断break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止2callcall for需要，邀请call on/at号召；访问call in召集；召来call up召唤；召集；打电话call off取消3comecome about发生come across偶遇come to共计，达到，苏醒come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出come up with提出come into being形成come into use投入使用4getget about四处走动
17、；传开get across传达get away逃脱，设法离开get down下来；记下get in收割；到达get off出发；下班get together聚会get through接通；通过get down to开始认真干(2011浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _at a hotel for the night.Aputting down Bputting off Cputting on Dputting up答案Dput down“记下，镇压”；put off“推迟，延期”；put on“穿上，
18、演出”；put up“搭起，张贴，为提供食宿，投宿，(在)过夜”。句意：他决定一路开车回家而不是在旅馆住宿。(2011江苏卷)You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal _again.Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down答案D句意：“你看上去有些心烦意乱。发生什么事了？”“我的建议又被拒绝了。”turn over翻身，移交；turn on打开(电视机，电灯等)，接通(电流、煤气、水等)，突然袭击；turn off关掉(电流、煤气、水等)，拐弯；turn down拒绝；把调低，关
19、小。答语中含句式have sth done，此处多意为“使某物遭受”，此意特指不好的事情。(2011陕西卷)Some insects _the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.Atake in Btake off Ctake on Dtake out答案C句意：有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。take in“理解，吸收，欺骗”；take off“起飞，脱去”；take on“呈现，承担”；take on a.colour“呈现颜色”；take out“清除，除掉”。(2010陕西卷)You look well
20、. The air and the seafoods in Sanya must _you, I suppose.Aagree with Bagree to Cagree on Dagree about答案A考查动词短词辨析。agree with同意，赞成；与相适应；agree to同意，赞成(观点，看法等)；agree on就达成协议；agree about对有相同的看法。题干意思是：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。故选A。(2010浙江卷)After that, he knew he could _any emergency by doing what he could t
21、o the best of his ability.Aget away with Bget on with Cget through Dget across答案C本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。分析四个选项的意思：get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与友好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。根据语境：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。(湖南卷)I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _Acut in Bcut down Ccut out Dcut u
22、p答案Acut in意为“插嘴，打断”。Jackson在谈话时插嘴。cut down意为“砍倒”；cut out意为“切断”；cut up意为“切碎”。(辽宁卷)The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _our studies.Aget down to Bget out Cget back for Dget over答案Aget down to意为“开始认真做某事”。句意为：因为快要期末考试了，所以到了认真学习的时候了。get out意为“出来”；get back for意为“为回来”；get over意为“做完”
23、。(辽宁卷)The computer system _suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.Abroke down Bbroke out Cbroke up Dbroke in答案Abreak down含有“打破，减轻，坍塌，彻底失败，精神不支，中止，把分解”等意思，这里指在他正在搜寻信息时电脑突然坏了。break out意为“发生，(战争等)突发，爆发”。break up意为“开垦，破碎，破坏，解散，结束，衰弱”。break in意为“闯入，打断，使习惯于，使驯服，训练成为”。(江苏卷)Everybod
24、y in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _jokes.Aturning up Bputting up Cmaking up Dshowing up答案Cmake up意为“编造”。根据上下文的意思可判断出Jack善于讲和编笑话。turn up发现，找到；put up建立；show up露出，露面。(浙江卷)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _his notes.Abringing up Breferrin
25、g to Clooking for Dtrying on答案Brefer to的意思是“借助，参考，参看，引证，引用；翻阅，查看”。根据句意可判断出他作了一个小时的报告没有参考笔记。bring up意为“培养”；look for意为“寻找”；try on意为“试穿”。(全国卷)In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has _Aturned down Bturned over Cfallen down Dfallen over答案Cfall down意为“下降”。句意为：在一些西方国家里，对MBA研究生的
26、需求已经下降。turn down意为“关小(收音机等)”；turn over意为“翻过来”；fall over意为“从落下”。(北京卷)I dont _rockn roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.Ago after Bgo away with Cgo into Dgo in for答案Dgo in for意为“喜欢”。我不喜欢摇滚音乐。go after意为“追求”；go away with意为“与离开”；go into意为“进入，参与”。(福建卷)It is certain that he will _his business to his son
27、when he gets old.Atake over Bthink over Chand over Dgo over答案Chand over意为“移交，交出”。句意为：当他年老时，他肯定会把自己的生意交给他的儿子。(广东卷)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _most of her day.Atakes up Bmakes up Csaves up Dputs up答案Atake up意为“占用(时间)”。句意为：海伦经常帮她妈妈，虽然上学占去了她整天大部分时间。make up意为“补足”；save up意为“
28、储存”；put up意为“建立”。,get over克服get along/on with进展；相处get up起身，起床5givegive up放弃give in屈服give out用尽；分发give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出give back归还；使恢复6gogo against违背；对不利go ahead开始，进展，进行go after/for追逐，追求go without勉强维持；凑合go in for爱好，参加；从事go through通过；经历，审查go over复习；仔细审查go by过去，经过7holdhold back隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out维持
29、；抵抗；硬撑hold up使耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放8makemake up for补偿，弥补make out辨认出make fun of取笑make up ones mind下定决心make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of充分利用make up编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足9putput aside把放在一边put away把收好put down扑灭，平息put forward提出put off延期；推诿put out扑灭；生产put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿
30、put up with忍受，容忍10turnturn down拒绝；调低turn in上交turn out结果是，证明是turn over移交，交给turn up出现；调高turn off关掉turn on打开turn away走开turn to求助于；翻到热点63(2012湖北卷)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _his courage.Ahold up Bkeep up Cset up Dtake up答案Bkeep up保持。(2012湖北卷)Im so glad youve come here to _this matter
31、 in person.Alead to Bsee to Cturn to Drefer to答案B句意：我很高兴你来到这里亲自处理这个事件。lead to“导致，通往”；see to“处理，料理”；turn to“转向，求助，转行”；refer to“提及，查阅，参考”。(2012四川卷)Its surprising that your brother _Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.Apicked up Blooked up Cput up Dmade up答案Apick up在此句中意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意：你哥哥学
32、俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶他住在那儿也没有多长时间。look up“仰望，尊敬”；put up“建造，搭起”；make up“组成，构成，弥补”。(2012辽宁卷)Rod loves _clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apart Bgiving away Cmaking up Dturning off答案A句意：罗德喜欢将钟表拆开。然而，他从来不能将它们再次组装起来。take apart“拆开，拆卸”；give away“分发，赠送”；make up“构成，弥补，化装，编造”；turn of
33、f“关闭”。根据句意A项正确。(2012安徽卷)The athletes years of hard training _when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.Awent on Bgo through Cpaid off Dended up答案Cgo on“(时间)过去，灯亮，开始运行，继续，接着，进行，发生”；get through“完成，度过，(使人)明白，通过，接通(电话)”；pay off“还清(债)，得到好结果，取得成功”；end up“结束，结尾，停止”。句意：当这位运动员获得了奥运金牌时，她多年的辛苦训练终于有了回报。由句意可知，
34、C项符合题意。(2012福建卷)You had better _some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.Aset aside Btake up Cput away Dgive out答案Aset aside意为“留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)”；take up意为“占据(时间、空间等)，从事”；put away“把收起，放好”；give out意为“分发，用尽”。句意：为了能使自己精力充沛，你最好每天留出一段时间来运动。故选A项。(2011课标全国卷)I can _the house being
35、untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.Acome up with Bput up with Cturn to Dstick to答案Bcome up with意为“提出”；put up with意为“忍受，容忍”；turn to意为“转向，求助于”；stick to意为“坚持”。句意：我可以忍受房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。根据句意判断应选B项。(2011山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to _the flow of traffic.Aput off Bspeed up Cturn on Dwork out答案B
36、put off“推迟”；speed up“加速”；speed up the flow of traffic“使车流加速”；turn on“打开”；work out“解决，计算出”。句意：他们在拓宽桥面以使车流加速。故B项正确。(2011江西卷)You cant predict everything. Often things dont _as you expect.Arun out Bbreak out Cwork out Dput out答案C句意：你不可能预知一切。事情的结果往往不是你期望的那样。根据句意可知答案为C项work out，这里意思是“结果是，最终是”。A项“用光，耗尽”；B项
37、“(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发”；D项“熄灭，出版，生产”。(北京春季卷)Its a good idea. But whos going to _the plan?I think Tom and Greg will.Aset aside Bcarry out Ctake in Dget through答案Bcarry out a plan“执行一项计划”。set aside“把置于一旁”，take in“接受，吸收”；get through“通过”。(全国卷)She _his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it ri
38、ght.Alooked up Blooked for Cpicked out Dpicked up答案Alook up“查找，查寻”；look for“寻找”；pick out“挑出来”；pick up“拾起”。她在电话薄里查找电话号码，要用look up。,与不同动词搭配的介/副词1动词与down构成的短语break down坏了，垮了，分解down“向下”turn down调小，拒绝cut down削减，砍倒slow down慢下来put down记下，写下，镇压tear down拆毁，拆除set down记下2动词与on构成的短语on“在上”/动作状态延续depend on依靠rely
39、on依靠insist on坚持carry on继续，进行keep/go on继续put on穿上，戴上，上演feed on以为食3动词与out构成的短语out“出来”break out爆发point out指出carry out执行，进行turn out结果是，生产，培养work out算出，想出办法，健身find out查出，弄明白try out试用，试验look out当心，提防4动词与up构成的短语up“向上”/动作结果give up放弃，停止，中止build up建立set up架起，建立put up搭起，安装，住宿，张贴pick up拾起，学会，收听到bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
40、，调出stay up熬夜make up构成，组成cut up切碎hold up耽搁，使停顿5动词与away构成的短语away“离开”throw away扔掉clear away清除掉die away逐渐消失take away拿走put away收起；存放1.平时要进行大量阅读，在阅读中理解动词及动词词组的新意义，在具体的语境中选择恰当的动词。在平时学习中领悟动词的意义和用法，要特别注意一些最常用的词汇，如get, make, have, take等和一些难分辨的同义词(组)。2掌握动词词组的用法，加强对大纲范围内的动词运用的练习，并注重时态和语态。3在区别动词及动词词组时应在以下几个方面特别注意：(1)近义词词义及用法，如fit/suit；continue/last；help/aid；supply/provide。(2)语境中句意对词义的限定。(3)固定词组的意义，如hand over/take over；go in for/go into。(4)动词词组的习惯用法。4解题时，首先要研读题干，找出信息词，理顺句意，然后再做出最佳选择。5既要注意同义词(组)间的语法差异，又要注意它们之间的意义差异。版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()