1、第八讲 高级词汇与高级句式的润色升级英语句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句；按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按其功能可分为强调句、省略句和倒装句；按语气可分为陈述语气和虚拟语气。英语像汉语一样，表达同一个意思，可用不同句式和不同词语。下面介绍常用的8种方法。一、使用介词短语写作时，为了增加句子的色彩，常常使用介词短语来取代相应的动词和句子，从而使句子更加具有弹性和简洁性。1We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and dogs give us their all.We give dogs time,space and lov
2、e we can spare,and in return dogs give us their all.2It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money because they do them a favor.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.二、使用动词短语写作时，常常使用动词短语，使平凡的句子更加生动。1We all think he
3、is a great man.We all think highly of him.2As a result,the plan was a failure.The plan turned out to be a failure.三、使用特殊句型写作时，常常使用倒装句、强调句、感叹句、并列句等，从而体现短文的感情色彩。1I was very happy to receive your letter.How happy I was when I received your letter!2What you said disappointed him.It was what you said tha
4、t disappointed him.3They met the young man as soon as they got to the station.Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.No sooner had they got to the station than they met the young man.四、使用副词副词，如hopefully，thankfully，eventually，surely等的使用，可以使句子变得更具表现力。1A large number of people w
5、ere present at the meeting，which was out of our expectation.Unexpectedly，a large number of people were present at the meeting.2In the past，people thought that the earth was the middle of the universe.Previously，the earth was thought to be the centre of the universe.五、使用with复合结构使用with宾语宾补(介词短语、副词、非谓语
6、动词)结构，可以使句子变得简洁。1Because there is nothing left in the cupboard,she went out to get something to eat.With nothing left in the cupboard,she went out to get something to eat.2As more and more forests are being cut down,some species are dying out.With more and more forests cut down,some species are dyin
7、g out.六、使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气可以使句子变得更加富有情感色彩。1I didnt take enough money，so I didnt buy that bike.If I had taken enough money I would have bought that bike.2Its time for us to take measures to protect the wild animals.Its high time that we took measures to protect the wild animals.七、使用新颖的词汇写作时要恰当得体地使用一些蕴含感情色彩
8、，别人有可能想不到的词汇，恰当地求新求异。1As far as Im concerned,parents much protection will do more harm than good to childrens future development.As far as Im concerned,parents limitless protection will do more harm than good to childrens future development.2I received your e-mail last week,but I am busy preparing f
9、or my final exam,which is important for me,so I didnt reply to you without delay.I received your e-mail last week,but I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital for me,so I didnt reply to you without delay.八、使用被动语态1We will have selected about thirty volunteers to the Mars throughout the wo
10、rld.About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world.2Im delighted to know that the Shanghai Museum will organize a famous art exhibition and you are collecting opinions of the public as to selecting the location for the exhibition，which encouraged me to write to expr
11、ess my ideas.Im delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition,which encouraged me to write to express my ideas.用较高级句式转换下列句子1All the lights are on，the square looks
12、more beautiful.(with的复合结构)_2If it is necessary，we will build a primary school for the village.(省略句)_3He didnt go to bed until his wife came back.(强调句)_4She didnt know he had committed a crime.(感叹句)_5I had hardly arrived at the station when the train departed.(倒装句)_6They carried out a survey among 26
13、0 students.(被动语态)_7Because I was ill that day.I didnt take part in the sports meeting.(虚拟语气)_8They didnt realize the importance of environmental protection until all the fish in the river died out.(倒装句式或强调句)_【答案】1.With all the lights on，the square looks more beautiful.2.If necessary，we will build a
14、primary school for the village.3.It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.4.She didnt know what a crime he had committed.5.Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train departed.6.A survey was carried out among 260 students.7.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part i
15、n the sports meeting.8.Not until all the fish in the river died out did they realize the importance of environmental protection.或：It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environmental protection.句子翻译1作为一名学生，我可以告诉你没有什么比让我的老师当众表扬我更高兴的事情了。(比较级和否定词连用)_2如果
16、我能比现在年轻三岁的话，我将强烈推荐自己设立更多的可行的明确的目标。(虚拟语气)_3我将会问他是什么使得他那么杰出。(名词性从句)_4在我看来，在高中阶段学习态度非常重要。(强调句)_5因为我还没有完成作业，我没能及时向他提供我的帮助。(分词作状语)_6如果真的那样的话，我将会过着充满朝气和生机勃勃的生活。(省略句)_7有考试要担心，我睡得一点也不好。(with的复合结构)_8当今，违反交通规则和随处扔垃圾现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了危害。(动名词作主语和现在分词作状语)_【答案】1.As a student,I can tell you that there is nothing bett
17、er than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.2.Were I three years younger than I am now,I would strongly recommend me that I set more practical and specific goals.3.I would ask him what made him so outstanding.4.In my opinion，it is the attitude towards to study that matters.5.Not having
18、finished my homework，I didnt offer him my help in time.6.If so，I will be living an active and energetic life then.7.With the exam to worry about，I couldnt have a sound sleep.8.These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.根据括号中的要求，用
19、不同句式或词语改写画线部分的句子，并体会改动后的效果Last Sunday，I went sightseeing with my friends in the park.1.Upon enteringthe park，we were attracted by the beautiful scenery there.But a displeasing picture entered my eyes.2.On the boat were two young tourists 3.eating,talkingand laughing loudly.They neglected the existen
20、ce of the sign，4.which said“DontLitter！”They were throwing rubbish,and even spitting into the lake，5.withoutrealizing their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park.This is a common sight in some public places.6.Littering pollutes theenvironment and bad manners ruin the beauty of tou
21、rist attractions.Dear friends，mind your behavior in public places.7.Only in this way can welive in a beautiful home with the blue sky，blue water and green land forever.1改为when引导的时间状语从句_2句子不使用倒装形式_3改为简单句_4改为简单句_5改为简单句_6改为as引导的定语从句_7不使用倒装形式_【答案】1.When we entered the park 2.Two young tourists were on t
22、he boat 3.they were eating，talking and laughing loudly 4.and it said“Dont Litter！”5.they didnt realize their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park 6.As we know，littering pollutes the environment and bad manners ruin the beauty of tourist attractions 7.In this way we can live in a beautiful home with the blue sky，blue water and green land forever.