1、第八讲 名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)是高考卷中的难点，一般情况下，语法填空与短文改错中会出现一道题目。书面表达中的名词性从句绝对是“增分点”。命题趋势：名词性从句的考查点主要集中在宾语从句上，特别是引导词的选择与判断，其中what和that是考查的重点。考点一 that引导的名词性从句1that引导主语从句That you didnt know the rules wont be the excuse for your failure.你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，
2、it became evident that therere two with the same name who look completely different.当我在网上搜索琳达这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。It is announced in todays newspaper that Trump will pay a visit to China next week.今天报纸上宣称特朗普下周将访问中国。规律总结连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。1
3、that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可以省略。2that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)that从句。Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)that从句。Itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arran
4、ged，etc.)that从句。2that引导宾语从句Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时候上学迟到外。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我
5、们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。规律总结1常见的可以接that(that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。2that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。3that引导表语从句和同位语从句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)我的决定是我们所有
6、人明天早上6点出发。He has made a promise to his boss that hell return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.(同位语从句)他向他的老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会在三天后回来。规律总结1that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。2that引导同位语从句时，放在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，
7、在从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。考点二 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committees policy can be put into practice.(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。The question is whether it is wort
8、h trying.(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)问题是值不值得试一试。He asked her the question whether they can be friends.(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)他问了她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)我担心他是否能熬过这次病危。规律总结1whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。(1)与or或or
9、 not连用时只能用whether；(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。考点三 who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.普韦布洛印第安人确切地知道，要想使这个循环大部分时间都在运行，土坯墙需要多厚。When opportunit
10、y knocks，please answer the door.Dont keep asking who it is.当机会来敲门时，请开门，不要总是问那是谁。I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长会缺席如此重要的会议。Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们
11、浪费了很多时间来玩。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。规律总结1who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2能接who，why，how，where，when等引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3who，why，how，where，when等
12、可引导介词的宾语从句。4who，why，how，where，when等还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。考点四 what，wh-ever引导的名词性从句“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.(表语从句)“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。We promise whoever at
13、tends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。规律总结1what引导名词性从句时，what可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2“疑问词-ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围
14、内选择，意为“无论的哪一个/哪一些”。3“疑问词-ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。4“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。考点五 同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望
15、。规律总结1同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可以省略。2定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。.单句语法填空1(2018高考全国新课标卷)Im not sure _ is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2(2018辽宁重点高中协作校段考)Ann stepped outside the front door to see _ the weather was like.
16、【答案】1.which 2.what3(2017山东济南一中月考)_ you have to do is to put the glass down,rest for a while before holding it up again.4(2017高考天津卷)She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.5(2016高考天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may b
17、e better.【答案】3.What 4.whether 5.when6(2015高考北京卷)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.7(2015高考安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.8(2015高考浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden
18、in the water.【答案】6.that 或不填 7.what 8.what9(2015高考福建卷)I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.10(2015高考湖南卷)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】9.how 10.where.单句改错1(2018河南南阳一中第三次模拟考试)And thats which I want to do
19、:make a difference to them and let them know that people do care._2(2018沈阳铁路实验中学月考)The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems._【答案】1.whichwhat 2.whythat3(2018豫西南部分示范性高中联考)Id appreciate it that you could be so kind to give me some usefu
20、l advice._4(2016高考全国新课标卷)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday._5The last moment for the football players was that they scored the winning goal._【答案】3.thatif 4howwhat 5.thatwhen.语法填空AI am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened
21、in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1._ he was.We wondered 2._ he was so hungry.We were surprised 3._ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4._ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5._ we woul
22、d mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6._ he took out of a lettera million pound bank note.【答案】1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if 5.whether/if 6.thatI asked Mr.Clements 7._ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of
23、England this year.He thought 8._ the gentleman showed them couldnt be a false.9_ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldnt describe 10._ excited I was.【答案】7.whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.howBMiss Lee
24、and her classmate Mary went to Guizhou and worked as volunteer teachers 1._ they graduated from university.It took them three hours to reach the top of the mountain from 2._ they could see the whole village and the school 3._ they were looking forward to for long.The moment they arrived at the schoo
25、l 4._ there were beautiful flowers and tall trees，【答案】1.after 2.where 3.that/which 4.wherethey felt quite relieved.5._ impressed them most was 6._ the students studied extremely hard though they even lacked textbooks.It struck them 7._ they had collected some textbooks and cartoon books 8._ they came to the school.There is no denying the fact 9._ Lee and Mary would never forget the big smiles on the students faces 10._ encouraged them a lot.【答案】5What 6.that 7.that 8.before 9.that 10which/that