1、 专题八介词和介词短语1.(2019全国卷，63)Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.答案：of/fora method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。2(2019全国卷，63)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact.答案：ofa pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群”。3(2019浙江高考，61)The answe
2、r _ this question is not clear. 答案：tothe answer to . “的答案”。4(2018北京高考，14)Good morning, Mr Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.答案：formake an appointment for “时间的预约”。5(2017全国卷，62)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
3、 crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.答案：fromto and from work “上下班”。6(2017全国卷，68)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.答案：inget a degree in . “获得学位”。7(2017天津高考，12)When you drive throug
4、h the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案：among句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于千年以上树龄的树木之间。among “在之间，在中”，由前文中的drive through the Redwood Forests可知among符合句意。8(2017北京高考，35)Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.答案：in句意：许多住在海边的人都
5、是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于”。make a living in fishing industry “靠渔业谋生”。9(2018全国卷，67)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.答案：forsearch for “寻找”。10(2018全国卷，短文改错)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes._答案：forwithplay with sb. “与某人一起玩”。常用介词的意义介词基本词义例子wit
6、h用(用于有形的工具或身体某些器官，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰)；附带有；和；随着with this methodwith a pencilwith my own eyeswith the development of a man with a strong willa lady with a book in her handI have an appointment with Dr Black, but I need to change it.on在上(表面接触)；一就；关于；是的一员；在具体的某一天on the playgroundon his arrivala book on h
7、istorybe on a research team on a cold eveningat在(地点、时间、空间、节日)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝at 4 oclock in the afternoonat nightat a speed of 120 kmph at the Spring Festivalshout atagainst违背；反对；对不利；倚靠；衬托against her willagainst the walla race against timeThe white building looks beautiful against the blue sky.I wont
8、have you say anything against my teacher.beyond超出的范围，为所不及beyond ones controlbeyond sb.beyond descriptionbeyond imagination beyond ones reach续表介词基本词义例子within在之内；在里面Adjust the drivers seat so that all the controls are within reach.We should have the test results within 24 hours.over在上方，在上；从上方越过；超过；在期间
9、；恢复过来；胜过over a cup of coffeeover Christmasover timehave advantages over . Do you mind talking about your plan over lunch?She had great personal influence and power over her followers.I dont want to talk about this over the telephone.across从表面穿过；横穿(马路等)across the riveracross the streetThe shirt is to
10、o tight across the shoulder.A big smile spread across her face.through从内部穿过；经历过walk through the doorthrough this activitydespite尽管Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.by表示程度或增减的幅度；按来计算，依据；经由；乘(交通工具)by the hourju
11、dging byknow sb. by nameby busWe defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.He went out by the back door.for给；对；为；为了得到；对来说；达；向；对于；支持；表示I have a present for you.I paid $3 for the ticket.She looks young for her age.I set off for work.The questions are too difficult for 10yearolds.We have studied the argume
12、nts for and against nuclear energy.off远离；从上移开；在海岸；休息；减价Keep off the grass!There are a lot of islands off the coast.You look tired. Why dont you take tomorrow off?If you buy more than ten, they knock 10% off.without没有；在没有的情况下We couldnt have finished the task without your timely help.beside在旁边Wendy ca
13、me up and sat beside me.in在内；在(年、月、季节)；在方面；(将来)过(多久)She looked in her bag, but her keys were not there.The street is about a mile in length.Hell be back in ten minutes.of的；属于；的一部分；关于的the last scene of the moviea friend of Marksthe beauty of the sceneryShe was seen as a woman of great determination.t
14、o/towards朝向；对；达到；去做；对于She stood up and walked to/towards the window.Much to our surprise, she passed the exam with distinction.from从；从开始；离；来自；根据to and from schoolWere going to tell him on his birthdaythats two weeks from today.From what Ive read, the company seems to be in difficulties.along沿着Walk a
15、long the street, and then turn right at the second crossing.between在(两者)之间A lot of students spend a year abroad in between high school and university.among在(三者或以上)之间The problem is causing widespread concern among scientists. 常见的复合介词复合介词基本词义例句according to 依据，根据They divided themselves into three group
16、s according to age. owing to 因为Owing to their carelessness, a fire broke out.because of 因为Dont be angry because of what he said. He meant no harm.thanks to多亏了Thanks to my teachers help, I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest. as for/to 至于We had a delightful weekend in the country. As fo
17、r the traffic, we had no difficulty.due to 由于Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.apart from 除以外Apart from the cost, the hat doesnt suit me. except for 除了(整体与部分的关系)Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. regardless of 不管Regardless of what happens, my claim is sa
18、fe and secure. but for 要不是But for your text message, I would have left my ID at home.in spite of尽管In spite of the fact that the product is safe, many people still refuse to buy it.on account of因为Their recent protest was called off on account of tightened security.as a result of由于Workers approaching
19、retirement should be saving more, not less, as a result of low rates.next to仅次于；紧挨着Getting them to buy into the system is next to impossible.in addition to除以外Thankfully, in addition to changing majors, students can change schools.far from远非My boss asked so much of me and I believed that my job was f
20、ar from his satisfaction.ahead of在前面With his help, we finished our task ahead of time.介词to的搭配1与名词常见搭配the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法the key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to the question 问题的答案to the point 切中要害，中肯to ones taste 合某人胃口to ones surprise/joy/delight 令某人吃惊/高兴的是approach to sth. 通往的路，学习的方法att
21、itude to/towards 对待的态度dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞the entrance to 的入口have/gain access to 有的机会2与动词常见搭配devote . to . 把用于adjust . to . 调节以适应adapt . to . 使适应attach . to . 把附在上object to 反对look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意get down to sth. 开始做某事；开始认真对待某事see to 照料，处理owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把归功于/归因于make contribut
22、ions to 为作出贡献be/get used to 习惯于prefer . to . 宁愿而不belong to 属于lead to 通向，导致put an end to 结束be up to 从事，干point to 指着stick to 坚持hold on to 抓住不放look up to 尊敬，尊重compared to 与相比be admitted to 被录取live up to 符合，达到，不辜负apply to 利用，运用attend to 处理，照顾；关照appeal to 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉respond to 应答3与形容词常见搭配be related to 与有关
23、be sensitive to 对敏感be similar to 与相似be linked to 与有关be relevant to 与相关be important to 对很重要be beneficial to 对有益be equal to 等于be familiar to 对来说是熟悉的be blind to 对视而不见be addicted to 沉溺于常用介词与形容词的搭配be conscious of 意识到be fond of 喜爱be aware of 意识到；明白be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某方面严格be worthy of 值得；配得上be d
24、ifferent from 与不同be absent from 缺席be present at 出席be popular with 受到的欢迎be tired of 厌倦be busy with 忙于be lost in 迷失在be anxious about 为担心be buried in 全神贯注于be ashamed of 因而惭愧be absorbed in 全神贯注于be suspicious of 怀疑be familiar with 熟悉介词in构成的常见短语in common with 与一样in the face of 面对in time for 正好in danger of
25、 处于危险中in defence of 为了保护in need/want of 需要 in consequence of 由于in favour of 赞成in exchange for 交换in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 向致敬in praise of 歌颂/赞扬 in charge of 负责in the charge of 由负责in possession of 拥有in the possession of 由拥有in search of 寻找in touch with 和保持联系in preparation for 为作准备in place of 代替，而不
26、是in the hope of 希望in the course of 在的过程中in the habit of 有的习惯in front of 在的前面in the front of 在的前部in the form of 以的形式in the name of 以名义in relation to 与相关in regard to 关于/至于in return for 作为的回报in terms of 就而言in harmony with 与协调其他介词短语短语词义例句for lack of因为缺乏More and more highrise buildings have been built in
27、 big cities for lack of space.on condition that如果，条件是(句子)I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday. with regard to 关于，至于With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.on behalf of代表On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your coun
28、try.by means of 凭借The water may be carried by means of a pipe. in case of万一In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.单句语法填空1(2020贵州省安顺市高三联考)I pulled up next _ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money.答案：to句意：我在他旁边停了下来，从车里出来，把全部卖鸡蛋赚到的钱给了他。根据句意，可知此处为固定搭配，next to意为“在旁边”。故填to。2(2019山东省德州市高三月考)T
29、he idea of creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s, but people couldnt agree _ what size to make the park.答案：onagree on是固定搭配，意为“就达成一致”。3He went to Shanghai _ an important meeting.答案：for句意：他去上海参加一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。4In addition _ the injuries in the face and hands, he brok
30、e both legs while playing the final game.答案：to句意：决赛时除了脸部和手部受伤外，他还摔断了双腿。in addition tobesides “除之外(还)”。5(2019广东省佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Bullied kids face a high risk _mental health problems.答案：of句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。a risk of “的风险”。6She contributed more than any other scientist _ solving the structure of D
31、NA.答案：to句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute . to sth./doing sth. “为(做)某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。7Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ average.答案：above句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。根据语境the warmest year on record可知是比平均气温高0.68度。above average意为“高于平均值”。8In In
32、dia, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.答案：with句意：在印度，大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭。with人体部位或工具，表示“用(工具)”。9This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.答案：in句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你如果你吸烟会被罚款的。in advance “预先；提前”，固定搭配。10Have
33、you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?答案：to句意：你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗？be home to . “是的家园或栖息地”。.单句改错1My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid1980s._答案：back后加togo back to “追溯到”，固定短语。2My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich
34、in a short period of time._答案：dreams后加about/ofdream about/of doing sth. “梦想做某事”。3The dictionary is outofdate: many words have been added the language since it was published._答案：added后加toadd sth. to “把添加到”，为固定搭配。4Many of the things we now benefit for would not be around but for Thomas Edison._答案：forfrom句意：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在。benefit from “得益于”，固定搭配，符合语境。5Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help._答案：home后的toforleave . for . “离开去”，固定搭配。