1、Book 8 Unit 2 The universal language 课 前 自 主 学 习 课 堂 知 识 突 破 栏目导航 晨读暮诵 单元话题文化交流1culture n文化2custom n习俗3tradition n传统4exchange n交换5experience v体验6adventure n冒险7communication n交流8introduce v介绍9celebrate v庆祝10literature n文学11broaden ones horizons开阔某人的视野12rich and colorful丰富多彩13exchange students交换生14ada
2、pt(oneself)to(使自己)适应15remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解16local customs and practices风土人情17be familiar with熟悉；通晓18bring in引进19think highly of重视20adopted words外来词1I felt very pleased and excited，for this was the first time I had ever talked with a foreigner in English，and I did give him a l
3、ittle help.我感到很高兴，也很兴奋，因为这是我第一次用英语和外国人讲话，并且我确实给了他一点帮助。2They look so attractive and alive that I think you could be interested in them and at the same time you will have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.它们看起来如此迷人且栩栩如生，以至于我想你会对它们感兴趣，同时你也可以更好地了解中国传统文化。3On the other hand，I hope to b
4、roaden my horizons in this developed country.另一方面，我希望在这个发达国家能开拓视野。4Beijing is a lively city with a long history,where you can see ancient and modern cultures.北京是一个拥有悠久历史的充满活力的城市，在那里你会看到古代文化和现代文化交织在一起。5I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website En
5、joyReading for help，where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture.我非常重视课堂以外的英语学习，经常求助EnjoyReading网站，我在这个网站上阅读大量的关于英语和西方文化的文章。假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。1尊重当地的风俗习惯；2与美国学生多交流；3积极参加户外活动；4注意与人交往时的礼仪。注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2词数100左右，开头和结
6、尾已经给出，不计入总词数。参考范文Dear_Andrew，How_nice_to_hear_from_you_again!I think it is natural for you not to get used to the life there.Here I have some suggestions for you.First of all,you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives lives.Just as the saying goes，“When in
7、Rome，do as the Romans do.”Secondly，dont be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them.Friendship will bring you happiness.Whats more，it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your friends，which may help you relax and have fun.Finally,mind your own mann
8、ers and remain modest and honest when getting along with your friends.I do hope my suggestions will help.May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua高频词汇1_(adj.)共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的2_(vt.&vi.)选派角色；投射(光、影)；向投以(视线、笑容)3_(vt.&vi.&aux.)敢于，胆敢4_(vt.)逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占5_(vt.)强烈
9、要求；需要；(n.)要求；需求【答案】1.universal 2.cast 3.dare 4.seize 5.demand6_(adj.)清楚的，显然的7_(vt.)训斥，责骂8_(n.)单身汉，未婚男子；学士9_(n.)衰落，衰败；减少；下降；(vi.&vt.)衰落；下降；婉言谢绝10_(n.)趋势，动向11_(vt.&vi.)试图，设法；寻找，寻求12_(n.)偏见，成见；(vt.)使怀有(形成)偏见【答案】6evident 7.scold 8.bachelor 9.decline 10.trend11seek 12.prejudice派生词汇1_(adj.)令人不安的；引起恐慌的_(vt
10、.)打扰_(adj.)心乱的；心理不正常的2_(adj.)不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的_(adj.)热心的，自愿的_(n.)乐意3_(adj.)仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的_(n.)仁慈，怜悯，宽容【答案】1.disturbing；disturb；disturbed 2.unwilling；willing；willingness 3.merciful；mercy 4_(n.)失业_(n.)雇用，工作，职业_(v.)雇用_(n.)雇主_(n.)雇员5_(n.)作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走_(vt.)收集6_(adj.)逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的_(adv.)逐步地【答案】4.une
11、mployment；employment；employ；employer；employee 5.collection；collect 6.gradual；gradually 词缀归纳在merciful一词中，“-ful”为构成形容词的后缀。常见的还有：awful可怕的，使人不愉快的；cheerful兴高采烈的；faithful忠实的；graceful优雅的；respectful敬意的。语境活用1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his _(employ)enjoy their work.2W
12、hen _(scold)by his father,the boy always keeps silent.3They are still _(试图)to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.4If children were made to feel inferior to other children,their confidence would _(减弱)【答案】1.employees 2.scolded 3.seeking 4.decline5The _ news made people present at the meeting _.(
13、disturb)6Thanks to the good care of the nurses,the boy is _(gradual)recovering from his lung operation.7The _(mercy)king saved him from death.8She _(要求)to know why she had not been told from the start.【答案】5disturbing disturbed 6.gradually 7.merciful 8.demanded1be condemned _ sth.被处以某种刑罚2ask _ sb.s h
14、and in marriage (向女方)求婚3fall _ love 相爱，坠入爱河4_ first sight 初次见面；乍一看5participate _ 参加；参与6split _ 分手；分裂；破裂【答案】1.to 2.for 3.in 4.at 5.in 6.up 7spring _ 突然兴起，迅速出现8break _ 破裂，解散；破碎；拆开9_ crazy 变得疯狂，发疯10take _ 呈现；雇用；承担11have roots _ 扎根于12depend _ 依赖，依靠【答案】7.up 8.up 9go 10.on 11.in 12.on13apply _ 申请14_ ones
15、promise 违背诺言15serve _ 起作用；用作16try _ 实验；试用【答案】13.for 14.break 15.as 16out语境活用1David said that he would participate _ the football match.2Modern middle schools like mushrooms have sprung _ in China recently.3As a matter of fact,none of us can live alone in society.We all depend _ others sometimes to s
16、ome degree.4I have applied _some vocational schools and have been waiting for their reply.【答案】1.in 2.up 3.on 4.for5Things became worse and worse,so I would go _ if this went on.6The man was found guilty of armed robbery and condemned _ eight years imprisonment.7Oceans serve _ the main arteries of tr
17、ansportation between continents.8Tom and Mary fell _ love with each other _ first sight and in a short time they got married.【答案】5.crazy 6.to 7.as 8.in；at9In recent years，great changes have taken place in our city，making it take _a new look.10It was feared that if the oil tanker broke _，it would res
18、ult in further pollution to the ocean.【答案】9.on 10.up1.原句 Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden Citythere could not be a more awesome setting!点拨“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。仿写 就我个人而言，身体健康最重要。As far as Im concerned,nothing is _.【答案】1.more important than health2.原句 Unfortunately,Puccini died of a h
19、eart attack before he completed this final scene,and it had to be completed by one of his former students,Franco Alfano.点拨 before引导时间状语从句，意为“尚未来得及”。仿写 我还没来得及问她的名字，她就把电话挂了。She rang off _ I had time to ask her name.【答案】2.before3.原句 Wherever the Beatles went，there was a phenomenon called Beatlemania th
20、ousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.点拨 wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论去哪里，无论在什么地方”。仿写 我希望你无论在哪里，都要用现在所拥有的做好你能做到的事情。I expect you to do what you can with what you have,_.【答案】3wherever you are第一板块 核心词汇基础知识要牢记1condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责be condemned to sth.被处以某种刑罚；使某人被迫接受困
21、境condemn sb.to death 判处某人死刑condemnas指责为condemn sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而谴责某人be condemned to do sth.注定做某事condemnation n.谴责，指责Those who do not learn from the past are condemned to repeat it.不能从过去吸取教训的人注定还要摔跟头。The law has _ an attack on personal liberty.这项法律被指责侵犯人身自由。She knew that society would condemn
22、her for abandoning her child.她知道她会因遗弃自己的孩子而遭到社会的谴责。【答案】been condemned as巧学助记2dare vt.&vi.&aux.敢于，胆敢I hardly dared _ shed remembered me.我几乎不敢指望她会记得我。So，let your imagination run wild,and dare to dream.所以，充分发挥自己的想象力，敢于去梦想。They dare not play a joke on him in case he becomes angry.他们不敢对他开玩笑，怕他发火。【答案】to h
23、ope温馨提示(1)dare用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形，其否定式为dare not。(2)dare用作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，常见搭配为dare to do sth.，在否定句和疑问句中，to可以省略。(2017高考浙江卷，读后续写)他们两手空空，不敢与狼搏斗。然而，他们仍然勇敢地走近狼。翻译 With nothing on the hand,they didnt dare to fight against the wolf.However,they still approached to the wolf bravely.
24、3demand vt.强烈要求；需要 n要求；需求(1)demand sth.of/from sb.对某人要求某事demand to do sth.要求做某事demand that sb.(should)do sth.要求某人做某事demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(2)in demand 需求大on demand 一经要求satisfy/meet the/ones demands满足(某人的)要求Feed the baby _ demand.宝宝需要就喂食。The public demanded _ the truth about it.公众要求知道事情的真相。Th
25、e workers demanded(that)their employer improve their working conditions.工人们要求雇主改善他们的工作条件。【答案】on to be told温馨提示(1)“要求某人做某事”不可用demand sb.to do sth.，但可用demand of sb.to do sth.。(2)demand后的名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式“shoulddo”，should可以省略。(2018高考天津卷，阅读理解C)So instead of eating a piece of yeste
26、rdays bread from the supermarket,youd eat something baked just for you on demand.分析 本句是简单句，句中分词短语eating a piece of作介词of的宾语，固定搭配on demand意为“急需的；已经要求”。翻译 所以，与其吃一块昨天从超市买的面包，你还不如吃一些为你量身定做的面包。4.decline n衰落，衰败；减少；下降 vi.&vt.衰落；衰退；下降；婉言谢绝(1)fall into(a)decline 开始衰退in decline/on the decline 走下坡路；衰退中；在减少(2)de
27、cline to do sth.拒绝做某事He always declined to visit Murray.他总是拒绝去拜访默里。The number of tourists to the resort declined _ 15%last year.去年该旅游胜地的游客人数减少了15%。【答案】by 一词多义写出下列句中decline的含义。They teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong
28、._Oil production has already peaked，and is on the decline in about 50 nations._【答案】谢绝 下降It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days._According to scientists，our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22._【答案】下降 衰退5seek
29、 vt.&vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求seek(for)sth./sb.寻找某物/某人seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某事seek to do sth.尝试/试图做某事seek out 挑选出；物色；找出seek ones fortune 外出闯世界；寻找成功致富之路We are always seeking to improve productivity.我们一直在设法提高生产率。The tourists sought _ a shady spot where they sat down and rested.游客们找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。One way childre
30、n seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings，particularly if they are close in age.孩子获得父母特别关注的一种方式是让自己在兄弟姐妹中，尤其是在和自己同龄的兄弟姐妹中变得与众不同。【答案】out(2018高考全国新课标卷，阅读理解D)One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other,to speak only when nec
31、essary.翻译 其中一组被要求与服务员互动；另一组，只有在必要的时候才说话。6fall in love(with sb.)爱上(某人)，相爱，坠入爱河Its easy to fall in love when you meet the right person.当你遇上合适的人就很容易恋爱。Meanwhile,Ann went to the one-dollar store and bought some pet supplies,warning her two sons not to _ the dog.与此同时，安去了一元店买了一些宠物食品，警告她的两个儿子不要爱上这只狗。【答案】fa
32、ll in love with 词义辨析fall in love with“突然爱上”，表示动作，是短暂性动词短语be in love with“爱/喜欢”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语Nancy was so attractive that Jimmy _ her the first time he saw her.Now they _ each other for 3 years.【答案】fell in love with；have been in love with7break up破裂，解散；破碎；分手；分拆，分解；结束(关系等)；期末放假break out (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)爆
33、发break in 强行进入break off 断开，折断；中断break into 闯入；突然开始(带宾语)break through 取得突破break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解break away from 逃脱，脱离But compared with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.但与之前的研究相比，她发现在这一研究中分解的速度令人兴奋。Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.战争爆发时，她的朋
34、友们来帮助她。一词多义写出下列句中break up的含义。After the end-of-term examination,all the schools begin to break up._He lost his job and his marriage broke up._If you do not understand her in this matter,you might easily break up with her._They broke up the partnership because of the disagreement._【答案】期末放假 破裂 分手 结束(关系
35、等)As the meeting broke up,the participants divided into smaller groupstwos and threes._There are plans to break the company up into several smaller independent companies._【答案】结束 分拆，分解词汇训练全通关.单句语法填空1Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is _ the decline.2Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage_(
36、seize)the girl and took her away，_(disappear)into the woods.3It is said that the music band decided to break _ after many years together.【答案】1.on 2.seized；disappearing 3.up4He _(be)in love with Mary for 12 years up till now.Theyll get married sooner or later.5We sought _ an answer to the question，bu
37、t couldnt find one.6The arts of China _(not decline)in spite of Western influence.7The law demands that everyone_(have)his car checked at least once a year.8Syrias using chemical weapons has been _(condemn)by the entire world.【答案】4.has been 5.for 6.have not declined 7.(should)have 8condemned9The pro
38、blem was that he didnt know what had hurt her and he didnt dare _(ask)her.10Some parents demand too much _ their children.【答案】9.ask 10.of/from.单句改错1How dare you to pick up the phone and listen in on my conversation!_2There wasnt such a big decline on enrollments after all._3Seek to find out the real
39、 cause of the accident was what he was eager to do._【答案】1.去掉 to 2.onin 3.Seek Seeking4She told me they have got in love for over five years._5Mr.Smith demanded to seeing the headmaster immediately to settle the problem._【答案】4.gotbeen 5.seeingsee第二板块 经典句式基础知识要牢记1 Just imagine performing such an opera
40、 in the Forbidden Citythere could_not_be_a_more_awesome_setting!想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧不可能有比这更棒的场景了！句中 could not be a more为“否定词比较级”结构，表示最高级意义。表示最高级意义的常用结构还有：(1)比较级thanany other单数名词all the other复数名词anyone elseany of the other复数名词the rest of复数名词或不可数名词(2)完成时neverso形容词/副词so形容词a/an单数名词such形容词名词(3)cant形容词/副词enoug
41、htoo形容词/副词I can not agree with your idea more.我完全同意你的观点。The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.中国的人口比世界上任何国家的人口都多。He said that he had never seen such a glorious sunrise.他说他从未见过如此壮观的日出。He is so kind and helpful；you _.他既善良又乐于助人，你再怎么表扬他都不为过。【答案】cant praise him too
42、 much2Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.不幸地是，普契尼还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的学生法兰高阿法奴完成。句中before引导时间状语从句，表示“尚未来得及”。含 before 的常用句式有：(1)It wont be一段时间before用不了多久就会(before 从句用一般现在时)(2)I
43、t will be一段时间before要过多久之后才(before 从句用一般现在时)(3)It wasnt一段时间before没过多久就(before 从句用一般过去时)(4)It was一段时间before过了多久才(before 从句用一般过去时)It will be a long time before I finish reading the novel.我需要很长时间才能读完这本小说。_ I realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。【答案】It was some time before温馨提示 before引导时间状语从句时有各种不同的译法：(1)在之
44、前；(2)才；(3)(不久)就；(4)以免；(5)还没来得及句式训练全通关.完成句子1我认为没有比友谊更珍贵的东西。I think _ than friendship.2几年之后我才意识到他对我撒了谎。Several years went by _ that he had lied to me.【答案】1.nothing is more valuable 2.before I realized 3没过多久他就适应那儿的生活了。_ he became used to the life there.4他想象不出更祥和的景象。He couldnt imagine _.【答案】3.It was not
45、 long before 4.a more peaceful scene.话题写作根据提示，运用本单元的词汇及句式完成下面的小作文。1京剧是我们祖国的国粹。(quintessence)2京剧表演令人叹为观止。(awesome)3它在清朝快速兴起。(spring up)4没有听过京剧的人可能会对它有所偏见。(prejudice)5一旦你找到机会欣赏这种高雅的艺术，你就会爱上它。(seek，fall in love with)_【参考范文】Beijing Opera is the quintessence of our motherland.The performance of Beijing Opera is awesome.It sprang up in the Qing Dynasty.Some people who havent enjoyed Beijing Opera may have a prejudice against it.Once you seek the opportunities to enjoy the elegant art,you will fall in love with it.