1、河南省驻马店市新蔡县第一高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分 听力(略)第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AExperts using a high-tech laser scanner (激光扫描仪) have discovered thousands of ancient Maya buildings hidden under the thick forests of northern Guatemala, officials said Thur
2、sday. Some 60, 000 buildings were found over the past two years in a scan of an area in the northern department of El Peten between Mexico and Belize, said Marcello Canuto, one of the projects lead researchers.These findings are a “breakthrough in Maya archeology(考古),” Canuto said.The new discoverie
3、s in this Central American country include city centers with sidewalks, homes, wide steps, farming facilities and so on, said Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University in the United States.Among the finds was a 30-meter high pyramid (金字塔) that had been earlier recognized as a natural hill in Tik
4、al. Also discovered in Tikal: a series of holes and a 14 kilometer-long wall.The Maya development reached its height in what is present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, and parts of Belize, El Salvador and Honduras between 250 and 950 CE. Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 m
5、illion, which is “much higher” than previous judgment, Canuto said.The project depended on a remote (远程的) sensing method known as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Aircraft with a LiDAR scanner produced 3D maps of the surface by using light in the form of laser linked to a GPS system.The technolo
6、gy helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archeological methods. “Now it is no longer necessary to cut through the jungle to see whats under it,” said Canuto.Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11 on the National Geographic TV channel
7、, said Minister of Culture and Sports Jose Luis Chea.21What did Canuto think of the new discoveries in the past two years?ALeading.BFrightening.CAnnoying.DPuzzling.22Which one is NOT LiDARs advantage?AIt saves time in discovering site.BIt is more convenient for researchers to work in forest.CExplore
8、rs have to go deep into the jungle to research.DResearch can be done at a distance.23According to the new discoveries, Maya might have been a nation_.Athat lay in AfricaBthat was less developedCwhose pyramid was made of a hillDwith a surprisingly large population24What is the authors purpose in writ
9、ing the text?ATo inform readers of the new discoveries about Maya.BTo introduce a new method used to discover Maya buildings.CTo show Maya development was of great influence.DTo tell us a new documentary will be launched on TV in Feb.B Yangzhou paper cutting, with a history of 2,000 years, can be da
10、ted back to the Sui Dynasty, making Yangzhou one of the places where paper cutting first became popular.In the Sui Dynasty, the people of Yangzhou would cut colourful paper or silk and satin (缎子) to celebrate festivals. It is said that Emperor Yang came to Yangzhou three times. In winter, the flower
11、s and trees in the garden became dry and weak. The emperor ordered the gril servants to cut fine silk and satin into flowers and leaves and use them to decorate the trees and lakes. Since then, “colorful cutting” has become a popular art in Yangzhou.In the Tang Dynasty, the paper cutting industry wa
12、s highly developed and a large amount of high-quality paper was made as presents to the Court (宫廷).In the Qing Dynasty, because of the economic development, the people of Yangzhou became interested in wearing fine clothing, especially embroidered (刺绣的) clothing. The embroidered designs were based on
13、 paper-cuts, the most well-know of them was from Bao Jun, a paper cutting master. He won a high reputation (名声) as Magic Scissors for his wonderful cutting skills.After the Peoples Republic of China was started, the Chinese government accepted the importance of paper cutting like many other arts and
14、 skills. In 2007, China Paper-cuts Museum opened to the public in the back garden of the Wangs Residence (住所), Yangzhou, greatly helping the development of Yangzhou paper cutting.25When did “colourful cutting” become a popular art in Yangzhou?AIn the Sui Dynasty.BIn the Tang Dynasty.CIn the Ming Dyn
15、asty.DIn the Qing Dynasty.26The underlined word “decorate” in Paragraph 2 means _ in Chinese.A种植B装饰C浇水D砍伐27When did China Paper-cuts Museum open to the public?AIn 2007.BIn 2008.CIn 2009.DIn 2010.28Whats the main idea on the passage?AHow to make paper cutting.BThe way to cut paper.CThe importance of
16、Yangzhou paper cutting.DThe history and development of Yangzhou paper cutting.C When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fu
17、r made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director o
18、f Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. The ecosystem down there cant handl
19、e this non-native species (物种). Its destroying the environment. Its them or us, says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouto
20、n runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusua
21、l fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutri
22、a fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.29What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?ATo promote guilt-free fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a new brand.DTo cel
23、ebrate a winter holiday.30Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutria are an endangered species.CNutria hurt local cat-sized animals.DNutria are illegally hunted.31What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal.BIts risky.
24、CIts harmful.DIts traditional.D As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say th
25、at they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the fo
26、rce of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also
27、doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the devic
28、e could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near futur
29、e.32Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typingCTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of e-space protection.33What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning
30、 techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.34What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environment-friendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文
31、内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the questions commonly asked during a job interview is, “What are your goals for the future?” Its a good way for employers to determine if your career goals are a good fit for the company. Plus, it helps hiring managers make sure that you actually have so
32、me goals. 35. You dont need to know exactly where youre planning to be in five years, but you need to be pointed in some direction.36. As you know, new hires are expensive to train. So if you resign in a hurry, theyll be right back at square one (起点).The most successful candidates are the ones whose
33、 aims are in line with those of the organization, even if they dont plan to spend their entire career working for the same employer. 37. But its important to convey that your career goals are consistent with the companys path.The best way to respond to interview questions about your goals for the fu
34、ture is to focus on the position and the company you are interviewing with. 38. Knowing about the companys culture and business practices will help you emphasize your ability to solve their problems.Dont discuss your personal goals outside of work, such as having a family or traveling around the wor
35、ld, in response to this question. This information is not relevant and could knock you out of the opportunity for the job. 39.AFew employers expect lifetime commitmentBYou should focus on your strong interest in the position at handCIt will be a red flag if your goals have something to do with the j
36、obDEmployers want to be sure you wont move to another job right awayE.This is why its important to do your research before you arrive for the job interviewF.In other words, your answer reveals whether you have ambition and some type of planG.The employer is interested in what youll look for in your
37、next job but not in private life第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ciro Ortiz, an 11-year-old kid, has recently set up shop in a New York subway station. He offers five-minute “ 40 advice” sessions to passers-by for $2.Every Sunday, Ciro Or
38、tiz spends about two hours at the Bedford 41 station, sitting at a folding table with a cardboard sign that 42 “emotional advice $2”. Believe it or not, people actually do 43 for some pearls of 44 from the “emotional advice kid”. They ask him about all 45 of things from relationships and career advi
39、ce to Donald Trump the 45th US President-elect. He does his 46 to help them find the answer to their problems.Ciros dad doesnt make much money. One night Ciro was just inspired to try an idea of 47 he could make his own. His father 48 the idea and the next day they went into Williamsburg and set up
40、the 49 on the street.Ciro was surprisingly 50 with passers-by, and hes been doing it ever 51 . On a good day, hell 52 about $50, but its not just money that 53 him. Ciro was bullied(欺凌) at school in the past, which inspired him to 54 his entrepreneurial(创业) spirit in the temporary emotional advice d
41、esk, 55 the much more popular lemonade stand.Plus, Ciro is 56 really good at giving people emotional advice. A woman came up to his father and said what Ciro told her was what shed been 57 in her gut(直觉) that whole time. He was really nervous and 58 of himself in the beginning, but after a few Sunda
42、ys, he started coming home telling his mother, “Ive met so many wonderful people. I will 59 having so many friends.”40AphysicalBemotionalCmentalDlegal41AsubwayBserviceCrailwayDcomfort42AwritesBannouncesCreadsDshows43Astand byBstop byCpass byDget by44AsignificanceBinterestCvalueDwisdom45AsortsBcostsC
43、meansDdirections46AhappiestBmostCbestDworst47AwhenBwhatCwhyDhow48Aapproved ofBappealed toCcomplained ofDstuck to49AbaseBstandCbranchDgoal50AfamiliarBcontentCpopularDcareful51AthenBthereCbeforeDsince52AdemandBearnCcollectDwithdraw53AattractsBservesCovercomesDmotivates54AchannelBadmireCrecoverDsuit55A
44、other thanBmore thanCless thanDrather than56AapparentlyBvoluntarilyCpersonallyDfortunately57AthinkingBseekingCfeelingDhunting58AunawareBuncertainCindependentDinnocent59Atake upBturn toCend upDadmit to第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填
45、写在答题纸的相应位置。Breaking habits is hard. This is largely because we are constantly exposed to stimuli (刺激物), 60 take control of the reward-based learning system in our brains designed initially for 61 (survive). Reward-based learning, to put it 62 (simple), involves a trigger (诱因), followed by a behavior
46、 and a reward. These three components (trigger, behavior and reward) show up every time we do what we desire to do. And then we gradually have the habits.So why cant we just control ourselves and decide to replace bad habits with good ones? 63 the fact that researchers show that the brain networks a
47、ssociated with self-control are the first to go “offline” when 64 (face) with triggers such as stress, the doctrine (学说) of self-control 65 (know) for decades. When I was in medical school, I was taught to pass self-control speech on to my patients. “Need to lose weight? Dont eat junk food. Try to q
48、uit 66 (smoke)? Stop it and use a nicotine replacement.”When I started actually practicing medicine, however, I quickly learned that it is impractical in real life. Self-control theories have missed something 67 (critic): reward-based learning is based on rewards, not behaviors. How rewarding a beha
49、vior drives how likely we are 68 (repeat) that behavior in the future, and this is why self-control as 69 approach to breaking habits often fails.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：
50、1. 每句不超过两个错误；2. 每处错误及其修改均只限一词；3. 只允许修改10处， 多者（从第11处起）不计分。Marty Fielding began to suffer from a muscle disease when he was 10, that sometimes made him clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. The doctors dont know exact what is wrong with him, so they dont know how to make him better. But he ha
51、s to learn adapt to his disability. When some people cannot accept him for who he is, he doesnt get annoying. He just ignores them. All in to all, he has a good life. He doesnt have time to sit around feeling sorry to himself. In many way his disability has helped him grow strong psychologically and
52、 become more independent. He has to work hard to live an normal life. From him, we know we shouldnt feel sorry for the disable or make fun of them and that we shouldnt ignore them either.第二节 书面表达(满分25分)71假如你是李华，本周末要去参加课外英语角。要介绍三个刚学的、印象深刻的英文单词。请写一个发言稿。内容包括：1.三个单词的含义；2.印象深刻的原因；3.学习英语的信心.注意：1.写作词数应为80左
53、右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.Hi everyone，_参考答案21A22C23D24B25A26B27A28D29A30A31B32D33C34B35F36D37A38E39G40B41A42C43B44D45A46C47D48A49B50C51D52B53D54A55D56A57C58B59C语法填空60which61survival62simply63Despite64faced65has been known66smoking67critical68to repeat69An短文改错1. thatwhich 2.exactexactly3.learn后加to4.annoy
54、ing annoyed2. 5.去掉to6.tofor7.wayways 8.strongstronger9.an a 10. disabledisabled书面表达参考范文Hi everyone,Its my honor to be here to share with you the most impressive words I have just learned with you. The first one is kindness, this word tells us that we need to be kind to the people around us. The seco
55、nd one is education. and the word shows us the importance of learning.Only through education can we be a better person. The third one is health. With a healthy body, we can realize our dream and pursue what we want. Therefore, health is very beneficial to us. English plays an important role in our life, I have great confidence in my English learning.Thanks for listening.