1、专题能力提升练十七主旨大意题标题归纳类A2020潍坊市高考模拟Mom and I were putting the finishing touches to dinner, and my little niece Jessica came in to set the table. Instead of going to the dish cabinet, she went to the pantry where there was a stack of old, mismatched dinner plates on the bottom shelf.When she had set all
2、six plates, she stood back and sighed, “Oh, Grandma, your plates are so beautiful. Ours are all alike！” We had a good laugh about her innocent remark, but as I think back to all those years ago, I believe she was right. Those plates were beautiful.Mom worked for the local Council on Aging as a house
3、keeper. She did many of the little things that allowed elderly people to stay intheir own homes. Most of her clients got Meals on Wheels, a service in the 1970s. They received a hot lunch and a cold snack to have later in the evening. This is really not very much food. Every evening Mom would make t
4、ogo meals on these mismatched plates covered with aluminum foil, and then deliver them to the people who she knew didnt get enough to eat.It was about ten years before microwave ovens became common, so it was important that the food be on a plate that could be reheated in a regular oven. Instead of
5、a cold sandwich and macaroni salad, Moms clients dined on Beef Manhattans, panfried chicken or meatloaf, along with veggies and a piece of pie or cake. Mom and Dad did this even after Mom left her job, and Mom continued after Dads death until all her former clients had either passed away or moved ou
6、t.When I was cleaning out Moms house after her death, I kept one as a souvenir(纪念品). That plate is a sweet reminder of the lessons of generosity and caring for ones neighbors that were modeled for me by my parents.1Why did the author think those plates beautiful?AThey were not all alike.BThey were l
7、ittle Jessicas pride.CThey were collected from different places.DThey were symbols of the parents kindness.2What did the authors mother do to earn a living in the 1970s?ABe a housewife. BRun Meals on Wheels.CDeliver food to houses. DDo housework for the old.3Why did the authors mother make togo meal
8、s? AIt was her job. BShe was good at cooking. CShe wanted to help beyond her duty. DHer family didnt have enough to eat.4What is the best title for the text? APlates of Sympathy BA Precious Souvenir CServices for the Senior DA Kindhearted MotherB2020济南市高三针对性练习Were so attached to plastic, but were ca
9、reless consumers. Waste plastic is entering our ecosystems and food chains with untold consequences. Cleaning up our polluted world of plastic may seem a noble, but thankless task. However, some people are seeing economic opportunity in the mission.Plastic Bank, a social enterprise from Canada, is m
10、onetizing plastic recycling while empowering those people most affected by the waste. It works to prevent waste plastic from entering oceans by encouraging people in developing countries to collect plastic from their communities in exchange for cash, food, clean water or school tuition for their chi
11、ldren. After collection, plastic is weighed, sorted, chipped, melted into balls and sold on as “raw material” to be made into everything from bottles for cleaning products to clothing.“I saw large quantities; I saw an opportunity，” CEO David Katz told the audience at the Sustainable Brands Oceans Co
12、nference in Porto, Portugal on November 14. “We reveal the value in this material，” he added.Plastic Bank was founded in 2013 and launched the ground operations in 2014 in Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, where close to 60% of the population live under the poverty line.
13、 As a result of poor waste disposal and recycling infrastructure (基础设施) ，plastic waste enters rivers or is burned and poses the health threats to the local residents.The company says it has over 2,000 collectors working in the country, with 63% of its fulltime collectors on average above the poverty
14、 line thanks to the income they make from the project. Through its appbased payment system, many collectors now have bank accounts for the first time, and are able to ultimately escape ultrapoverty. “Nothing were doing is against the laws of physics，” said Katz. “All the technology exists for us to
15、solve problems and save the world. Its only creative thought.”5What does Plastic Bank aim to do?ATest out creative ideas.BDiscover new material.CPromote plastic recycling.DStop people using plastic.6Which of the following shows the process of monetizing in Paragraph 2?APurchasingcollectingrecycling.
16、BExchangingcollectingpurchasing.CCollectingexchangingreproducing.DPersuadingconsumingreproducing.7What do the numbers in Paragraph 5 indicate? AHaiti attaches great importance to recycling. BMany Haitians benefit greatly from the project. CCollecting is an efficient way to recycle waste. DThe projec
17、t has solved unemployment in Haiti.8. What may be the best title for the text?ACompanies Stand to Ban Plastic ConsumptionBTechnology Finds Its Way to Kick off PovertyCDavid Katz Speaks at the Conference in PortoDPlastic Bank is Fighting Against Plastic WasteC2020兰州高三诊断考试More than 11,000 scientists a
18、re warning that the Earth, in their words, “clearly and unequivocally (明确地) faces a climate emergency”. The scientists represent several fields of study and come from 150 countries around the world. They approved a report that appeared in the publication BioScience earlier this month. It warns that
19、the world would face “untold human suffering” if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change. Three leaders of the study are from the United States. They worked on the study with scientists from universities in South Africa and Australia. This is the fi
20、rst time a large group of scientists have jointly (共同地) used the word “emergency” when talking about climate change.“Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations. . . we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this worrying situation，” the study said. “Climat
21、e change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.”The report identified five areas that the world needs to deal with immediately.The scientists appealed to nations to use energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels. They suggested that lawmakers approve tax
22、es on the burning of carbonbased fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. The report urges people to move toward more of a plantbased diet. Other areas of concern include preventing the destruction of forests and permanent loss of some plant and animal species. The report noted that it will most li
23、kely take strong action by the public to move politicians to approve lasting policy changes.The scientists added, “We believe that the prospects(前景) will be greatest if decisionmakers and all of humanity quickly respond to this warning and declaration of a climate emergency, and act to support life
24、on planet Earth, our only home.”9What will happen to people if they dont stop the activities that influence the climate change?AThey will have no places to live in.BThey will be fined and lose their jobs.CThey will become bored with their life.DThey will go through a lot of sufferings.10What have pe
25、ople done when facing the climate change in the past 40 years? AThey have ignored the scientists warning.BThey have solved the problem successfully. CThey have talked too much but done too little.DThey have realized the problem isnt that serious.11In which paragraph can we find the advice from the s
26、cientists about ways to control the climate change?AParagraph 1. BParagraph 2.CParagraph 3. DParagraph 4.12What is the best title for the text?AScientists Hard Work of Saving the EarthBThe Important Reasons for Climate ChangeCThe Impact of Human Activities on ClimateDScientists Warning of a Climate
27、Emergency专题能力提升练十七主旨大意题标题归纳类A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会回忆母亲与盘子的故事文章大意这是一篇记叙文。作者由家中陈旧的盘子回忆到母亲曾经的无私助人。这些盘子对作者来说有特殊的意义，它们提醒作者要慷慨、关爱邻居。1答案与解析：D考查推理判断。第二段提到“but as I think back to all those years ago，I believe she was right. Those plates were beautiful”，最后一段中的“That plate is a sweet reminder of the lessons of gene
28、rosity and caring for ones neighbors that were modeled for me by my parents”说明了盘子蕴含的特殊意义，由此可知，作者认为那些盘子很漂亮是因为它们是父母慷慨和善良的象征。2答案与解析：D考查细节理解。本题问的是在二十世纪七十年代作者的母亲是如何谋生的。根据第三段中的“Mom worked.as a housekeeper.She did many of the little things that allowed elderly people to stay in their own homes”可知，作者的母亲是管家，
29、她是靠为老年人做家务来谋生的，故选D项。3答案与解析：C考查推理判断。本题问的是作者的母亲为什么做外带食物。根据第三段中的“They received a hot lunch. Every evening Mom would make togo meals on these mismatched plates covered with aluminum foil, and then deliver them to the people who she knew didnt get enough to eat”和最后一段中的“generosity and caring for ones neig
30、hbors”可知，母亲做外带食物并送去给那些吃不饱的人，虽然这超出了她本身的职责范围，但她想帮助他们，故选C项。4答案与解析：A考查标题判断。本文由作者的侄女夸赞作者母亲的盘子漂亮开始叙述这些盘子的用途及背后的故事。虽然这些盘子很陈旧、很不匹配，但作者认为它们很漂亮，这是作者赋予它们的特殊意义，因为盘子代表着父母对邻居的慷慨和关心，为后辈作出了榜样。盘子贯穿文章始终，故A项作文章标题最佳。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然环境保护“塑料银行”文章大意废塑料正在进入人类的生态系统和食物链，并带来难以形容的后果。加拿大的一家社会企业“塑料银行”将塑料的回收利用货币化，使一些发展中国家的生活在贫困
31、线以下的人通过收集塑料最终能摆脱极度贫困。5答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段内容可知，塑料银行致力于通过鼓励发展中国家的人们从其社区收集塑料以换取现金、食物、干净的水或孩子的学费的方式防止废塑料进入海洋，被收集的塑料经过加工后将作为原料转售，被制成各种产品。由此可知，塑料银行的目的是促进塑料的回收利用。故选C。6答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二、三句可知，人们先收集塑料，然后用塑料换取现金、食物、干净的水或孩子的学费。最后，塑料被制成从清洁产品的瓶子到衣服等各种产品。故选C。7答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第五段列出的数字可知，在海地有两千多塑料收集者，平均63%的全职塑料
32、收集者因为从这一项目中获得收入而处于贫困线以上。由此可推知，这两个数字表明很多海地人从该项目中受益很大，故选B。8答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大的一家社会企业“塑料银行”将塑料的回收利用货币化，使一些发展中国家的生活在贫困线以下的人通过收集塑料最终能摆脱极度贫困。故D项符合本文主题。A项意为“公司可能会禁止塑料消费”。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然环境保护科学家呼吁人们要正视地球面临的气候危机文章大意文章讲述了针对当前气候变化的一份报告，科学家们认为当前地球气候已经明显处于一个紧急状态，人们需要马上行动起来，以保护地球以及减少对人类的负面影响。9答案与解析
33、：D考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句“It warns that the world would faceuntold human sufferingif it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change”可知，如果人们不停止引起气候变化的活动，那么人们将遭受更多的痛苦或灾难，故选D项。10答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations. we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this worrying situation”可知，在过去的40年里，人们围绕气候变化展开了许多对话，但最终一切照常，人们并没有解决令人担忧的气候变化问题，故选C项。11答案与解析：C考查段落大意。通读第三段内容可知，第三段介绍了科学家们提出的有关控制气候变化的方法，故选C项。12答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。本文介绍了科学家的一份报告，科学家警告人们，地球的气候变化已经形成危机，人们需要立刻行动起来，应对气候变化。由此可知，D项的表述符合本文主题，故选D项。