1、 专题十三构词法1.(2019全国卷，62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied.答案：poorly修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。2(2018全国卷，68)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hill
2、s and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen在不定式符号to后面用动词原形。3(2018浙江高考，62)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordablebe动词后应接形容词。affordable “付得起的”。4(2018全国卷，43)And, even if I werent _ (excite) enough about free credits, news
3、 about our instructor was appealing enough to me.答案：excited系动词后面应用形容词，此处修饰人，故填excited。5(2018全国卷，55)_ (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.答案：Fortunately副词作状语修饰整个句子，故用Fortunately。6(2018全国卷，59)I still cant believ
4、e what a _ (coincident) it was.答案：coincidence不定冠词a后面应接名词，故填coincidence。7(2018全国卷，48)In her _ (excited), she didnt seem to realize that she was sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger.答案：excitementher后应接名词，故填excitement。8(2017全国卷，69)However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful名词加后缀f
5、ul变成形容词，作表语或定语。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。9(2017全国卷，70)It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly此处应用副词修饰形容词fun, certain加后缀ly构成其副词形式。10(2017江苏高考，29，改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.答案：conventional此处应用形容词修饰
6、名词PCs。名词后加后缀al变成形容词，故填conventional。常用的英语构词法一 名词加后缀构成形容词二 动词加后缀构成形容词三 动词加后缀构成名词四 名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词五 形容词加后缀构成副词ly actually 实际上；事实上entirely 完全地；全然地；整个地exactly 确实如此；恰好；确切地frequently 常常；频繁地 gradually 逐渐地；逐步地 personally 就个人而言；亲自地selflessly 无私地；忘我地 sincerely真诚地；真挚地 unfortunately不幸地六 形容词加后缀构成名词nessbrightness
7、 明亮；亮度；聪颖darkness 黑暗；漆黑fitness 健康happiness 幸福；快乐 illness 疾病 kindness 仁慈；好意sadness 悲哀；悲伤 seasickness 晕船 sickness 疾病；恶心七 形容词加后缀构成动词(一)八 形容词加前缀构成动词(二)en前缀，表示“使得，使成为”enlarge 扩大enable 使能够enrich 使富裕；充实；改善九 常见的表示特定含义的前缀十 表示“人”的名词后缀十一 常用的否定前缀.单句语法填空1(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)_ (consequent), power walking, in add
8、ition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.答案：Consequently分析句子成分可知，设空处放在句首，修饰整个句子，作状语，应用其副词形式。2Speech is the fastest method of _ (communicate) between people.答案：communication介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。3(2019四川省成都外国语学校学期初考试)A new habit is not about performance; its about _ (consistent) takin
9、g action.答案：consistently修饰后面的动词短语taking action，使用副词作状语，故填consistently。4Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.答案：recently修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recently构成副词。5The college years are supposed to be a time for important _ (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the dev
10、elopment of adult identity.答案：growth前面有形容词important修饰，此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。6She went through a period of emotional _ (adjust) after her marriage broke up.答案：adjustment空格前有形容词emotional修饰，故应填名词。7As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to raise your _ (aware) of protecting
11、 the environment.答案：awareness在形容词性物主代词your后面，用名词形式。句意：作为环保志愿者，我书面倡议大家提高环保意识。8(2019四川省眉山一中办学共同体月考)Travelers can see these _ (amaze) natural structures from the air or underwater.答案：amazing应用形容词修饰后面的natural structures，作定语，指令人惊叹的自然风景。amazing “令人惊叹的”。9(2019山东省烟台一中高三质量检测)Its a chance for you to learn mor
12、e about traditional Chinese culture. I am sure it will _ (broad) your horizons.答案：broaden句意：这是一个让你更多地学习中国传统文化的机会。我确信它会扩大你的视野。根据空格前面的will可知，后面应该使用动词，而broad是一个形容词，故填broaden。10(2019深圳耀华实验学校高三第一次月考)Life is just a blank clothyou can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and _ (danger
13、) people.答案：dangerous修饰后面的名词people，使用形容词作定语，指“危险的人们”，故填dangerous。.单句改错1In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperate._答案：cooperatecooperative此处用形容词作表语。由派生构词法可知，v.ive构成形容词。2The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste._答案：ta
14、stetasty形容词small, juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语，故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知，v.y构成形容词。3Lets make joint efforts to create a green and harmony environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated._答案：harmonyharmonious修饰后面的名词environment，用形容词形式。4Now lets express our thanks to Hayden for his great contribute to us and our school._答案：contributecontribution在形容词性物主代词his后面，用名词形式。5Although he could understand few words, he was still amazing to see the colorful costumes and the unique way of performing._答案：amazingamazed说明人的感受，用amazed。