1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 5Working the LandUsing Language词汇知识自主学习. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. the chemical industry化学工业2. organic farming 有机耕作3. enjoy widespread respect 受到广泛尊重4. need time to digest information 需要一些时间来消化信息5. Experience is essential for this job. 对于这个
2、工作, 经验是非常重要的。6. alternative energy 替代能源7. at a depth of 30 metres 在30米深处8. an entirely different matter 一件完全不同的事情9. advice on diet and nutrition有关饮食和营养的建议 10. cover all aspects of city life 涵盖城市生活的各个方面. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空in addition, in turn, because of, as for, as well, for instance1. Ill do some reading
3、 for fun, and for knowledge as well. 2. Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 3. I met some friends and other acquaintances in addition. 4. As for parents, nothing can be compared with their childrens physical and mental health. 5. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving;
4、 for instance, training lions. 6. Because of the help you gave me that summer, my life changed. . 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. 当它们第一次被引进时, 很多农民喜欢把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。2. Over time, however,
5、 what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health. 然而, 随着时间的推移, 一些科学家发现它们的长期使用会造成土地受损, 对人们的健康造成危害。3. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 至于化肥, 施过化肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。4. Organic
6、farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming? A. They can fight crop disease and increase production. B. They harm both the land and peoples
7、health. C. They can help produce rich soil. D. They are not expensive. (2)What concerns many people about the use of pesticides? A. Pesticides can damage the land. B. Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time. C. Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects. D. Chemicals may make people ill
8、 and even cause cancer. (3)Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every few years? A. It helps put important minerals back into the ground. B. It can avoid damage to the environment. C. It can help increase output. D. The writer didnt tell us. (4)Why cant we stop the use
9、of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely? A. Organic farming cost us a lot of money. B. Organic farming can meet peoples need. C. Chemical farming brought us huge profit. D. Chemical farming helps serve the need for food. 答案: (1)(4)ADADReread the passage and fill in the blanks. With the develop
10、ment of society, chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in (1)widespread use in farming for many years. They can help fight crop (2)disease and increase production. However, they can cause many problems (3)as well. For instance, pesticides can kill (4)helpful bacteria and insects a
11、nd crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow (5)too fast to be full of nutrition. As a result, many people worry they may make them ill and even cause cancer. To tackle this problem, farmers use natural waste as (6)fertiliser and they often change the kind of crop grown in each field every
12、year and they also plant diverse crops that use different (7)depths of soil to help keep it rich. But organic farming is nowhere near able to (8)meet the high demand for food. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a (9)suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keep
13、ing people and the environment as (10)healthy as possible. 2. Long sentence analysis. 译文: 为什么种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质放回地下, 使它为下一批作物再次做好准备。译文: 阻止他们这样做的是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践What other disadvantages of chemical farming do you know? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)As the saying goes, “Each coin has
14、 two sides. ” Although chemical farming serves us enough food, they brought us too many problems as well. Firstly, they destroyed the soil. . . 要点精研探究学习1. widespread adj. 分布广的, 普遍的, 广泛的*Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th
15、 century. 自20世纪中叶以来, 化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中被广泛使用。*(2019浙江高考)Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. Mclntyre和他的同事发现大树的广泛死亡, 即使在禁止砍伐和开发的野生土地上也很明显。*Smart phones are widely used in the world. 智能手机在世界上被广
16、泛使用。【词块积累】(1)a widespread disease 流行病in widespread use广泛应用(2)widely adv. 广泛地, 大大地(1)The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding(到处洪水泛滥). (2)Warm winter may cause a widespread disease(流行病). (3)The effects were widespread(影响是广泛的). More than 90% of Microsofts 2, 280 employees in
17、Japan later said they were impacted by the new measures, according to the company. (4)There is widespread support for the new proposals. 新提议获得了广泛的支持。(5)Food shortages are widespread in some African countries. 在某些非洲国家食物短缺的情况很普遍。2. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的*They may look beautiful on the outside, bu
18、t inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. 它们外表看起来可能很漂亮, 但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多, 而且它们的味道也往往较淡。*Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides. 在给出我的观点之前, 我想有必要看看双方的论据。*(2019江苏高考)The example in Paragraph 4 su
19、ggests that donators should take peoples essential needs into account. 第4段中的例子表明捐赠者应该考虑到人们的基本需求。*(2019天津高考)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. 历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部
20、分。*Food is essential to life. 食物对生命是必不可少的。【词块积累】be essential to/for对很重要It is essential that . . . (should) do. . . “做是完全必要的”It is essential for sb. to do. . . “对某人来说做是完全必要的”(1)语法填空。Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. It is essential for us to set (set) our goal realistically. It is e
21、ssential that you (should) learn (learn) Chinese history. Essentially(essential), everyone has two ages: a chronological age and a biological age. (2)It is essential that you should come home early. 你有必要早点回家。(3)A rich and varied cultural life is essential for this couple. 丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。3. a
22、lternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的, 非传统的*As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 作为一个选择, 一些农民已经转向有机农业, 而且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向了有机食品。*In race for a sustainable alternative to plastic, Indonesia bets
23、 on seaweed. 在寻找一种可持续的塑料替代品的竞赛中, 印度尼西亚把赌注押在了海藻上。*(2019江苏高考)Many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 许多捐赠者在没有仔细评估其资金的替代用途的相对长期成本和收益的情况下, 就仓促进行了一些花哨的项目。【词块积累】(1)have no alternative but (to
24、do)除(做)外别无选择(2)choice(同义词) n. 选择, 选择权make a choice做选择have no choice but to do别无选择只好做(1)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative energy(替代能源), such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. (2)If you dont like the school lunch, you h
25、ave the alternative of bringing your own. 要是你不喜欢学校的午餐, 你可以自己带饭。(3)Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he had no alternative but to abandon his scheme. 在这四面楚歌的情况下, 他除了放弃他的计划没有别的选择。4. instance n. 例子, 实例, 事例*For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans th
26、ere the next. 例如, 他们可以一年在田里种植玉米或小麦, 然后下一年在那里种植豆类。*In one instance, indeed, things have gone full circle. 在一个例子中, 事实上, 事情已经绕了一圈。*It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. 它不仅剥夺了动物的权利, 也剥夺了一些人的权利, 例如婴儿、智力低下者和后代。
27、* (2019天津高考)Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. 例如, 大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成, 而不是几个强有力的链接。【词块积累】for instance例如in the first instance第一, 首先(1)语法填空。There are a number of improvements, for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used. In most instances, there w
28、ill be no need for further treatment. (2)In the first instance, we had better make sure the calculations are correct. 首先, 我们最好保证计算是正确的。【要点拾遗】1. prohibit vt. 禁止; 阻止(prohibited, prohibited)*In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to peo
29、ple and the environment. 事实上, 一些杀虫剂, 如DDT, 因为它们对人和环境造成的损害, 在大多数国家已经被禁止。*Over 1, 800 foreigners have been arrested for doing legally prohibited jobs in Thailand, 超过1 800名外国人因涉嫌在泰国从事被禁止的工作而被捕。*(2019浙江高考)Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California soon. 加利福尼亚州即将禁止砍伐大树。*The professor was deaf an
30、d any talking was prohibited. 那个教授是个失聪的人, 并且任何交谈都受限制。【词块积累】prohibit sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事单句语法填空。(1)His small size prohibits him from becoming (become) a policeman. (2)Dr. King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us from sitting (sit) where we like. (3)So if you do
31、nt want your personal, yet prohibited(prohibit), belongings to land on next years Christmas tree, better check out the baggage requirements before you pack for your next flight. 2. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离, 深(度)*Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it ri
32、ch. 种植有机作物的农民还种植不同的作物, 使用不同的土壤深度来帮助保持其肥沃。*We will discuss these three areas in depth. 我们将深入探讨这3个领域。*(2019全国卷)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. 你还需要判断动机的质量和深度。【词块积累】(1)in depth 完全地, 深入地(2)deep adj. 深的 adv. 深深地(3)deeply adv. 深深地, 强烈地(4)deepen v. (使)变深, (使)加深(1)单句语法填空。The
33、re isnt time to dig deeply (deep) and put in manure or compost. If you deepen (deep) your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it. (2)In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. 在我记忆深处, 我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。(3)Th
34、is subject will be covered in depth next term. 这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。(4)On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a depth of 7, 062 meters in the Pacific Ocean. 2012年6月27日, “蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7 062米的深度。3. in turn 相应地, 转而, 依次, 轮流*This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest t
35、hem. 这会影响在土地上种植的作物, 进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。*People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and in turn this creates further problems. 人们通过使用自己的小汽车努力去避免公共交通的延迟, 而这又反过来产生进一步的问题。【词块积累】by turns 轮流, 交替take turns轮流, 依次用含有turn的词块填空。(1)There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke
36、 in turn. (2)Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother. (3)The book is, by turns, funny and very sad. (4)The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals. 4. focus on/upon集中()于, 聚焦()于*Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natur
37、al means. 有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和免于疾病。*(2020新高考全国卷)Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the“public”at the expense of the “speaking”. 很多时候, 当你站起来发表演讲时, 你把注意力集中在“公众”上, 而忽视了“演讲”。 *We are all so focused on our wounds that we forget to hold someone elses outstretched hand. 我们都太专注于自己的伤口
38、, 以至于忘了握住别人伸出的手。*Stay focused on your goals once youve set them. 一旦你设定了目标, 就要专注于你的目标。(1)Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point. 每个练习各有不同的语法重点。(2)The visit helped to focus world attention on the problems of the refugees. 这次访问促使全世界关注难民问题。5. in addition 另外, 此外*In addition, these chemicals c
39、an stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. 此外, 这些化学药品可长期停留在土壤和地下水源中。*In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告, 而且还给了我一些钱。 *(2019全国卷)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 此外, 大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。 【词块积累
40、】in addition to 除之外(还)additional adj. 另外的用in addition, in addition to填空。(1)In addition, well discuss the question of division of labour. (2)In addition to the awards themselves, there are also performances by famous artists at the ceremony. (3)Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack option
41、s, in addition to seasonal specials. (4)In addition to reducing working hours, managers urged staff to cut down on the time they spent on meetings and responding to emails. 6. as for 关于, 至于*Definitely, as for the activities, we will be honored to be given high-level training by a professional coach
42、every Friday around 3-5 pm. 当然, 至于活动, 我们将很荣幸在每周五下午3至5点左右接受专业教练的高水平培训。*(2018全国卷)As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in Vitamin C. 至于樱桃, 它们是如此美味, 谁在乎呢? 然而, 它们富含维生素C。【词块积累】as for (用于介绍谈论的话题)至于, 关于as to关于, 至于(=concerning)(1)选词填空(as for/as to)。As for Laura and me
43、, the color of our skin has never mattered. The dietitian was helpful, making suggestions as to how I could improve my diet. (2)As for his jobwell, he was very mysterious about it. 至于他的工作嗯, 他总是显得非常神秘。(3)As for anything told to me in confidence, well, my lips are sealed. 至于私底下告诉我的任何事情, 那么, 我会守口如瓶的。读写
44、结合表达升级如何写表达观点的文章高考英语应用文写作中, 发表观点, 议论情景是常见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张, 作者对某一问题持有一种看法, 为了使读者同意自己的看法, 提出若干理由, 试图说服他人。发表议论时, 我们要注意三个要素: 论点、论据、论证。议论文的类型: 1. “一分为二”的观点: 从两方面去分析一个问题, 然后阐述自己的观点。2. “两者选一”的观点: 分析两种食物的优劣势, 阐述自己的观点。3. “我认为”型: 阐述对某事物的客观看法。4. “看图(表)”作文: 通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。如: 我们要写一篇关于支持
45、有机农业的议论文, 需要注意哪些方面呢? (1)说明、论述时要注意动词时态, 属于过去发生的用一般过去时, 属于经常发生的应用一般现在时。(2)句子结构要有变化, 不要总是用一个句型“I am. . . and I agree. . . and I. . . ”(3)熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。(4)熟练使用一些数据、百分比等作为观点的支撑。(5)注意将作文的论据分层次展示, 然后列举出相应的细节去支撑主要观点。一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持, 不同层次之间要分明, 过渡清晰自然。(6)观点要鲜明, 一篇文章要有一个明确的中心论点。最后一段总结, 得出结论。整篇文章语言要简洁有力, 一般
46、不采用口语。议论文的写作步骤: (1)引言(introduction)。由于英语作文受时间和字数的限制, 因此, 审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题, 并明白地亮出自己的观点, 如提倡什么, 支持什么, 反对什么。(2)主体段(main body)。主体段是议论的过程, 作者必须有足够的证据( adequate proofs)来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个 proofs, 并对此用几句话分别进行阐述。(3)结论(conclusion)。结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应, 但不能照搬前面的原话。关于有机农业和化学农业, 你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合
47、你们的讨论结果, 写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文, 词数不低于80。注意要点: 1. 化学农业的危害; 2. 有机农业的优点及理由; 3. 讨论的结果和大家的期待; 4. 根据自己掌握的相关知识, 批判性地发表自己的观点。完成句子1. Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words. 化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。2. There are various opinions about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture. 关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。3. T
48、here is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. The vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition. 毫无疑问, 残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快, 几乎没有营养。4. The first reason is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. T
49、he second reason is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive. 第一个原因是, 随着人们越来越富裕, 他们非常重视健康。第二个原因是有机农产品仅使用天然肥料, 使蔬菜和水果既美味又营养。5. As a saying goes, health is the first wealth. And it is wiser to choose organic food. 俗话说, 健康是第一财富。选择有机食品是更明智的。词句
50、升级6. 请用主从复合句连接1、2两句话。Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, over which there are various opinions. 7. 请使用合适的衔接词将3改写, 使其逻辑清晰, 层次分明。Above all, there is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so f
51、ast that they contain little nutrition. 8. 使用适当的衔接词, 变化4的结构, 使其层次分明, 避免口语化。There are many reasons for this. The first one is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. Secondly, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.
52、9. 用因果关系改写5, 使其更具逻辑性。As a saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. In terms of the development of modern agriculture, chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, over which there are various opinions. It is obvious that using chemical fertil
53、isers has many disadvantages. Above all, there is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition. Organic foods are becoming increasingly popular with customers. There are many reason
54、s for this. The first one is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. Secondly, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive. Moreover, the produce grows in clean water and never uses pesticides, which is beneficial for ou
55、r health. As a saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. 1. 话题词汇(1)introduction(引言): Nowadays more and more people. . . /. . . plays an important role in. . . /. . . have both advantages and disadvantages. . . /Generally speaking, the favorable aspects/advantage
56、s can be listed as follows. . . (2)main body(主体): Firstly. . . Secondly. . . In addition/Whats more/Moreover. . . /Every coin has two sides. . . / To make things worse. . . (3)Conclusion(结论): Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see. . . /Therefore. . . 2. 话题句式(1)总起: Different people
57、 hold different opinions/The opinions are divided/People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/People have different opinions on this problem/People take different views on this question(2)表达不同观点: of them hold the opinion that/of them are in favor of the idea that/People who are for/against
58、 the idea think/Some people believe that. . . Others argue that. . . (3)不同观点之间的衔接: However, some of them hold a different view/ hold the opposite opinion/People who are against it dont think so/However, each coin has two sides/Different from those, people think/On the other hand. . . /People object
59、that. . . (4)并列关系: and, as well as, also(5)递进关系: besides, in addition, moreover, whats more(6)比较、对比: like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand主题活动话题实践. 语用功能表达表示赞同: 1. It certainly is! /True enough. /Of course. /Certainly. /All right. 的确是这样。/确实如此。2. Exactly my thoughts. 我也正是这么想的。3. I couldnt a
60、gree more. I think thats a good idea. 我非常同意。我认为那是个好主意。4. I think Id accept your view on that. 我想我接受你在那方面的观点。5. I dont think anyone would disagree. 我认为没有人会不同意。6. Thats just my cup of tea. 这正合我意。表示不赞同: 1. I dont think so. /Im afraid not. /Of course not. /No way. 我不这样认为。/恐怕不。/当然不。/不可能。2. Im sorry, but
61、I dont totally agree with you. 很抱歉, 我不完全同意你的看法。3. Yes, but that doesnt make sense. 是的, 但那没有道理。4. I refuse to believe that. 我不敢相信。5. Im not sure thats correct. 我不敢说那是对的。6. To be honest, I dont necessarily agree. 说实话, 我未必同意。. 话题情景交流班会上, 同学们就Which is better, chemical or organic farming? 这一话题各抒己见Adam: 1
62、. I agree with many farmers that (我同意的看法)chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop disease and increase production. However, I dont agree(我不赞同)that they should use too much. Max: 2. I think so. /Exactly my thoughts(我也正是这么想的). Too much pesticides and artificial fertilisers may mak
63、e people ill and even cause cancer. George: 3. I couldnt agree more(我非常同意). I think crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. A
64、dam: Im sorry, but 4. I dont totally agree with you (我不完全同意你的看法). I think we should use proper amount of chemicals and pesticides, focusing on keeping the soil rich and free of disease through natural means. Max: Yes, I think 5. Id accept your view on that(我接受你在这方面的观点). But how on earth can we handl
65、e the problem well? Perhaps we should change the kind of crop because different crops can put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. George: All right. 6. I dont think anyone would disagree(我认为没有人会不同意). So we all agree that we should grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to peoples health. Max: It certainly is! 关闭Word文档返回原板块
