1、课时作业.完形填空An American diver set a new record for the deepest dive in history in May, 2019 when he sank nearly 36,000 feet. Victor Vescovo _1_ in his watercraft (船，水运工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacifics Mariana Trench, marking only the third time humans have _2_ the seas extreme depths.
2、Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet _3_ the waves, breaking previous records by about 36 feet. He spent four hours _4_ the deepest known area of the planets seabed in a $48 million submersible (潜水艇)a small watercraft built to _5_ the extreme pressure of the _6_ waters.B
3、ut this wasnt Vescovos first thrillseeking moment. He also _7_ both the North and South Poles and _8_ the highest peaks on all seven continents. “We wanted to _9_ the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly and really, _10_， opening the door for _11_，” Vescovo sai
4、d.Though he was the first to make it to those depths, mans _12_ is already present there with plastic _13_ among the sea creatures. “In most of the depths Ive been down to Ive seen the _14_ of plastic or things I cant even _15_ but theyre definitely manmade, which is really _16_，” Vescovo said. Vesc
5、ovo and his team _17_ four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research. “It feels like a great _18_ that I was able to do this as a human being，” he said. “Its a great _19_ just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward.”Vescovos next challenge is to reach t
6、he bottom of the Arctic Ocean, which he _20_ to do in August. Once hes conquered the mountains and oceans, Vescovo says his next challenge is space.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。太平洋一万多米的深海也有塑料垃圾的出现！让我们跟随打破世界潜水纪录的维克多维斯科沃看看是怎么一回事吧！1A.looked out Bran awayCrushed off Dwent down 答案：D结合上文的“sank”和下文的“in his watercraft (船
7、，水运工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacifics Mariana Trench”可知，他从水运工具上向下，到达海洋的深处。look out “找出；留心”。run away “逃跑；回避”。rush off “冲出”。故选D, go down “下降”。2A.reached BobservedCsearched Drecorded 答案：A根据下文的“the seas extreme depths”可知，他实现了人类第三次到达(reach)海洋的最深处。3A.on BbeneathCunder Dover答案：B根据上文的“Deep
8、in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet”可知，他到达了波浪下面(beneath)35,853英尺深的地方。4A.wandering BmeasuringCexploring Dcovering 答案：C结合下文的“the deepest known area of the planets seabed in a $48 million submersible (潜水艇)”可知，他在水底探测(explore)海床近4个小时。5A.bear BremoveCbalance Dproduce 答案：A根据下文的“the
9、 extreme pressure of the _6_ waters”可知，建造的这个潜水艇可以承受(bear)海水的压力。6A.wild BcoldCdirty Ddeep 答案：D与上文的“Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet _3_ the waves”和“pressure”呼应，此处指深处(deep)海水的压力。7A.flew over BskiedCsettled in Dcircled 答案：B根据下文的“both the North and South Poles”(南极和北极)可知，
10、应该是在那里滑雪(ski)。8A.passedBvisitedCconquered Ddiscovered 答案：C结合下文的“the highest peaks on all seven continents”可知，他也征服(conquer)过七大洲的最高峰，即他都攀爬过最高峰。9A.prove BchangeClackDacquire 答案：A结合下文的“the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly”可知，他进行这场探险，目的就是想证明(prove)潜水艇的能力。10A.ser
11、iously BcarefullyCsecretly Dhopefully 答案：D根据语境，此处表示希望做某事。hopefully “有希望地”。11A.societyBscienceCnatureDknowledge 答案：B结合语境，这里应该表示为科学(science)打开探索之门。12A.shadowBpowerCeffect Dtrack 答案：C结合下文的“with plastic _13_ among the sea creatures”可知，在海洋深处发现了塑料，说明人类的影响已经到达海洋深处。13A.lyingBfloatingCswimmingDmixing 答案：A根据上
12、文的“plastic”和下文的“among the sea creatures”可知，指人类的影响造成了塑料已经位于(lie)海洋深处的生物之中了。14A.useBroleCdanger Dpollution 答案：D与上文的plastic呼应，指人类造成的污染(pollution)，连地球上最偏僻、最深处的角落也不放过。15A.recognize BcollectCmove Dlook 答案：A与下文的“theyre definitely manmade”相对照，这里指甚至是一些他不认识(recognize)的东西。16A.fantastic BunfortunateCwonderful D
13、possible 答案：B污染已经达到了海洋的深处，显然这是一件不幸的(unfortunate)事情。17A.discovered BcaughtCmetDknew 答案：A根据下文的“four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research”可知，他发现(discover)了四个新物种，其基因信息可以为医学研究提供帮助。18A.pity BchallengeCprivilege Dright答案：C结合下文的“I was able to do this as a human being”可知，他认为
14、作为人类，能够到达海洋的深处，并且有新的发现，是一种荣幸(privilege)。19A.prize BcampaignCaward Dfeeling 答案：D根据下文的“just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward”可知，能够推动人类进步，这是一种非常棒的感觉(feeling)。20A.thinksBplansCviews Dgets 答案：B根据设空处前一句“Vescovos next challenge is to reach the bottom of the Arctic Ocean”可知，Vescovo的下
15、一次挑战，他计划(plan)在8月份实施。.阅读理解(2020深圳高级中学(集团)高三第一学期第一次测试)We love the sea. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. But were terrified of it, too. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine (海洋) environment and m
16、anage its influence on us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.Johnston, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering”the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has se
17、en nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.We are expanding further into the marine environment. This practice does harm to marine ecosystems. Were loving the sea to death, but weve not been thinking about design of structures (建筑物) with respect to
18、ecology. Some coastal structures create shade, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. Thats why blue engineering comes in.Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around. Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tile
19、s (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improvi
20、ng water quality. Twelve harbours around the world are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.Its a far cry from, the days when huge number, of old tyres were thrown, into the sea to build “artificial reef (礁石)”. Those clumsy early attempts are now
21、 costing millions to remove, showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding how best to cohabit with the underwater world.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了引进蓝色海洋工程的原因以及如何实施蓝色海洋工程。1What do we know about “hard engineering”？AIt has improved sea environment.BIt can control the influence of sea.CIt has failed
22、to achieve its purpose.DIt makes living under sea impossible.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段“We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.”可知，“hard engineering”意味着所有的努力似乎没有实现，因此未能达到它的目的。故选C。2Para. 3 is mainly about the _ to intr
23、oduce the project of “blue engineering”AdrawbacksBreasonsCproceduresDmeasures答案：B推理判断题。第三段中的“This practice does harm to marine ecosystems.”与“Thats why blue engineering comes in.”可知，本段主要讲了引进“蓝色工程”的原因。故选B。3Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”？AConstructing buildings with plant life.B
24、Expanding into marine environments.CCreating an artificial reef with old tyres.DBuilding structures benefiting sea creatures.答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.”可知，建造
25、对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种结构。故选D。4What is the writers feeling towards the present situation of marine environment?ARelieved. BDoubtful.CSatisfied. DDisappointed.答案：A推理判断题。由最后一段可推知作者对海洋环境的现状持放心态度。relieved “放心”；doubtful “不确定的”；satisfied “满意的”；disappointed “失望的”。故选A。(2019北京高考)By the end of the century, if no
26、t sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns a
27、t the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean sur
28、face, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characte
29、ristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In
30、a world that warms up by 3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,
31、 and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “
32、it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “Itll be a while before we can
33、 statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。5What are the first two paragraphs main
34、ly about?AThe various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少
35、，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。6What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive. BBeneficial.CSignificant. DUnnoticeable.答案：A词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。7What can we learn from the passage?APhyt
36、oplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.答案：D推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段
37、倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。8What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans. DTo introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖
38、，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。.短文改错(2019甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there?In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth. There wouldnt be pollution or traffic jam.
39、 We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place where I am always dreaming about.答案：There too many people and too pollution on the earth.
40、If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there?In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth. There wouldnt be pollution or traffic . We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever like
41、 without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place / I am always dreaming about.1.isare考查主谓一致。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。本句为there be句型，主语为由and连接的名词短语，谓语动词应和最临近的主语在数上保持一致，故用are。2.manymuch考查形容词。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。pollution为不可数名词，故用much修饰。3.howwhat考查特殊疑问词。句意：如果有一天我们移民到月球的话，生活会怎么样呢？分析句子成分可知，本句中，like缺
42、少宾语，故用特殊疑问词what。fortcomfortable考查形容词。句意：与地球相比，月球上的生活会更舒适。分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词，故用comfortable。5.jamjams考查名词。句意：月球上不会有污染或交通堵塞。traffic jam “交通堵塞”为可数名词，故用复数形式jams，表示泛指。6.去掉the考查冠词。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。7.fastfaster考查形容词的比较级。本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式faster。8.youwe考查人称代词。句意：我们可以吃想吃的东西，而不用担心不健康的原材料。分析句子可知，本句主语为we，故用第一人称we。9.concerned后加about考查介词。此处为短语be concerned about “为担忧”，故加介词about。10.wherewhich/that或去掉where考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。分析句子可知，从句中，about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。
