人教版必修 2 Unit 1 Grammar, The attributive clause1 限制性和非限制性定语从句（讲义）.docx

1、高中英语限制性和非限制性定语从句1. 全面掌握限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别。2. 正确理解非限制性定语从句的引导词的作用及which, as的特别用法。重点：限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别。难点：非限制性定语从句中的关系词的运用。1. 非限制性定语从句在高中阶段考试中占有很大比例，经常在单项选择，语法填空尤其是阅读理解中出现并进行考查。2. which, as所引导的非限制性定语从句是考查的重点。限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别1. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.选出来的琥珀

2、色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。2. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。（1）非限制性定语从句关系词的使用关系代词无论指人还是指物，都

3、不能用that。指人时，如果关系词作主语用who，作宾语用whom，指物时用which。即使关系词作宾语也不能省略。Mary, who is from Australia, is an old friend of mine.玛丽是我的一位老朋友，她来自澳大利亚。非限制性定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样，作主语和宾语时用关系代词，作状语时用关系副词。He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。（2）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别作用不同限制性定

4、语从句用来修饰和说明先行词；而非限制性定语从句一般和先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附加，补充说明。His elder brother who lives in London will go to America next week.他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。His elder brother, who lives in London, will go to America next week.他的哥哥住在伦敦，他下周将去美国。形式不同限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。 而非限制性定语从句和主句之间关系不十分密切，往往用

5、逗号分开，一般不用that引导。而且非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。Beijing is a city (that) Ive always wanted to visit.北京是一座我一直想要参观的城市。Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.北京有悠久的历史，它是中国的首都。 This is the MP4 that/ which I bought for my daughter yesterday.这是我昨天为女儿买的MP4。He passed the exam, which surprised h

6、is parents.他通过了考试，这使他的父母很吃惊。 Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whose C. which D. that It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what答案：B C思路分析：先行词为children和diet 的关系是所属关系，即childrens diet，故

7、用whose。答案为B。先行词为前面整句话“她已经赢赛跑三次了”，这件事令我们所有人都感到惊讶，只有which可以代替整句话引导非限制性定语从句，所以用关系代词which。关系词的使用情况不同限制性定语从句可以用that, why引导从句；非限制性定语从句不可用that、why，要用which和for which引导从句。而且所有关系词( which, for which, when, where, who, whom, whose等)都不能省略。关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，不可用who来代替。This is the be

8、st novel (that) I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。The novel, which I read last night is very interesting.这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。The novel is interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。 After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision.A. tha

9、t B. which C. when D. where Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. when D. which答案：B A 思路分析：先行词是前面整句话，我花费一些时间去旅行，这是明智的决定。所以B正确。先行词students, 在限制性定语从句中做met的宾语，who可以代替whom， 所以用who。（3）as, which在非限制性定语从句中运用as和wh

10、ich都能用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。当非限制性定语从句位于句末，且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者可以互换。He married her, which/ as was natural. 他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事情。He is an old kind farmer, which/ as anybody can see. 任何人都能看出来，他是一位善良的老农。注意：如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句中时，只能用as。as在从句中做主语时，只可作连系动词be的主语或后面跟行为动词的被动式；which在从句中作主语时，既可以作连系动词be的主语，也可

11、作实意动词的主语。as引导的定语从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的定语从句不受此限制。as常用在一些固定结构中，如：as we know/ as is known to all 众所周知 as we all can see正如我们大家都能看到的那样 as is often the case 情况常常是这样的 等等。当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，as不能代替which。Einstein, as we all know scientist.我们都知道爱因斯坦是以为著名的科学家。An earthquake occurred in that area last nig

12、ht, as was reported on TV.据电视报道，昨天晚上那个地区发生了地震。The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadnt expected.试验的结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。Change-1 has been launched successfully, as was expected.嫦娥1号发射成功，正如所预料的那样。（语意一致）The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadnt expected.实验的结果很好，这是我们没有预料到的。

13、（语意不一致）The dog, which we saw in the street yesterday, is Marys.我们昨天在街道上见到的那条狗是玛丽的。 There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as B. that C. when D. where A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their

14、children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this答案：A A思路分析：as 引导非限制性定语从句。句意：没有简单的答案，在科学上情况往往是这样。as is often the case 是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”。题意：正如被发现的那样，一些语言学习发生在一生的头几年，因此父母们应该在那一时期多与他们的孩子们说话。as意为“正如，如同”，指代整个主句，引导非限制性定语从句。1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my cl

15、assmates recommended to me.A. who B. which C. when D. where2. “You cant judge a book by its cover,” _. A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goesD. goes as old the saying3. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.A. what B. when C. where D

16、. which4. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2019.A. when B. where C. why D. which5. The teachers of outstanding courses seldom teach strictly according to textbooks, _ is attractive to students.A. what B. when C. why D. which6. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for

17、Literature in 2019, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. D思路分析：1. 先行词为the book，关系代词用which，在从句中作宾语，句意：上周我从图书馆借了本福尔摩斯，这是我同学推荐我看的书。所以B正确。2. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如古语所说,“你不能以貌取人”。此处关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，意为“正如”，因此用as。3. 先行词是house，在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。4. 先行词是the exact year，在从句中做spend的宾语，所以用关系代词which。5. 句意：杰出的老师几乎从不按照教科书照本宣科，正是这点吸引了学生的兴趣。which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系。6. 此处which指代前面整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句。句意：莫言2019年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，使中国长期以来的梦想之一成为现实。