1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.republic n. 共和国；共和政体2.mankind n. 人类3.fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金4.youth n. 青年；青年时期5.relative n. 亲戚；亲属.汉译英1.lawyer n. 律师2.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期3.blanket n. 毛毯；毯子4.sentence vt. 判决；宣判5.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长高频应用1.quality n. 质量；品质；性质2.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3.found
2、vt. 建立；建设4.principle n. 法则；原则；原理5.vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击7.escape vi.& vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开8.beg vi. 请求；乞求9.reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏10.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张拓展变形1.mean (adj.) 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 (vt.) 意味着；计划meaning (n.) 意思；含义meaningful (adj.) 严肃的；重大的；意味深长的means (n.) 方式；手段2.active (adj.) 积极的；活跃的activel
3、y (adv.) 积极地；活跃地activity (n.) 活动3.self (n.) 自我；自身selfish (adj.) 自私的selfless (adj.) 无私的；忘我的selflessly (adv.) 无私地；忘我地4.devote (vt.) (与to连用)献身；专心于devoted (adj.) 忠实的；深爱的devotion (n.) 关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚5.peaceful (adj.) 和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully (adj.) 和平地peace (n.) 和平；平静；和睦6.guidance (n.) 指导；领导guide (vt.) 带领，引导 (n
4、.) 向导7.legal (adj.) 法律的；依照法律的illegal (反义词) (adj.)非法的；违法的8.equal (adj.) 相等的；平等的equality (n.) 平等；相等equally (adv.) 同样地；相等地；公平地unequal (adj.) 不平等的；不公平的9.educate (vt.) 教育；训练educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的education (n.) 教育educator (n.) 教育工作者educational (adj.) 教育的；有关教育的1.“n.fuladj.”荟萃peacepeaceful 和平的painpainfu
5、l 痛苦的harmharmful 有害的powerpowerful 强大的meaningmeaningful 有意义的cheercheerful 欢乐的2.“奖；奖赏”汇总reward vt. 酬劳；奖赏n. 报酬；奖金award vt. 授予；奖给n. 奖品；奖金prize n. 奖金；奖品bonus n. 奖金；红利3.表“人物性格特点”正反形容词mean 吝啬的generous 慷慨的selfish 自私的selfless 无私的selfabased 自卑的confident 自信的一 动词介/副词1.blow up 使充气；爆炸2.turn to 求助于；转向3.set up 设立；建
6、立4.be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑)二 介词名词5.out of work 失业6.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中7.in prison 蹲监狱8.in ones opinion/view 在某人看来三 其他9.as a matter of fact 事实上10.be willing to do 愿意做某事11.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心e to power 当权；上台1.“动词to”短语小结turn to 求助于；转向 object to 反对refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅 point to 指向belong to 属于 stick t
7、o 坚持；忠于see to 照料；料理 come to 共计；苏醒；谈到2.“out ofn.”短语荟萃out of work 失业 out of control 失控out of mind 心不在焉out of order 有毛病；出故障out of date 过时 out of place 不适当3.“inn.”短语一览in trouble 在困境中 in danger 处于危险中in return 作为回报 in detail 详细地in order 井然有序 in place 在适当的位置in vain 徒劳地 in peace 平静地1.在“the first(n./pron.)to
8、 do”结构中，不定式作后置定语He was the first man to land on the moon (第一位登上月球的人) in July 1969.(教材P33)2.This was a time when . “这是一个的时期”However, this was a time when (这是一个的时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.(教材P34)3.stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句The last thirty years have seen the greatest
9、number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where (的阶段) we have almost no rights at all.(教材P34)4.only加状语置于句首，后面的句子要部分倒装only then did we decide to (直到那时我们才决定) answer violence with violence.(教材P34)5.the first time引导时间状语从句I felt bad the first time I talked to a
10、group (我第一次给旅行团作讲解时)(教材P38)单句语法填空1.He (found) the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting.答案：founded2.The time I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.答案：when3.He offered (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.答案：guidance4.He was generous his
11、 time, which I was grateful.答案：with; for5.We were put into a position we had either to accept we were less important, fight the government.答案：where; or6.We first broke the law in a way was peaceful.答案：which/that7.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find (make) candles to see
12、the words.答案：to make8.He said they should not (stop) from studying for their degrees.答案：be stopped9.Since I was better educated, I (get) a job working in an office.答案：got10.I remembered the beatings and the (cruel) of the guards and my friends who had died.答案：cruelty考点步步冲关1 devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于A g
13、reat person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(P33)伟人是把一生致力于帮助别人的人。(1)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于devote . to . 把奉献于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to深爱；致力于(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚名师点津在短语devote . to . 中，to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：look forward to期盼；get down to开始着手做；be/get used t
14、o习惯于；be/get accustomed to习惯于；lead to导致；pay attention to注意；object to反对；be addicted to 对上瘾；contribute to 有助于，促进；adapt to 适应；be attached to 喜欢，附属于；stick to 坚持；be opposed to 反对；adjust to 适应即时练1单句语法填空(2017天津高考)I feel that Ive been given a second life to devote something that is meaningful and enormous.(2
15、016北京高考)Neighbors devoted their spare time to (help) others rebuild. (devote) to his research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family.答案：tohelpingDevoted单句写作句式升级她专心练习了十年，成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员之一。a普通表达： and became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers.b高级表达： ， she became one of the worlds
16、 best longdistance swimmers. (现在分词短语作原因状语)c高级表达： ， she became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers. (过去分词短语作原因状语)答案：a.She devoted herself to practicing for ten yearsbDevoting herself to practicing for ten yearscDevoted to practicing for ten years2 escapevi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开It was a prison from w
17、hich no one escaped.(P38)那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。(1)escape doing sth. 逃避做某事escape from 从逃脱/逃避escape ones attention/notice 逃避某人的注意(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口a narrow escape 九死一生(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的即时练2单句语法填空It is said that he narrowly escaped (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.He escaped prison thi
18、s morning.Compared with the (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.答案：being killedfromescaped3 rewardn& vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(P38)他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取
19、黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。(1)as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏get/receive reward 获得回报in reward (for .)作为(对的)报答/奖赏(2)reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而报答/奖赏某人reward sb. with sth.用某物奖赏某人(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有回报的即时练3单句语法填空He rewarded the boy $10 bringing back the lost dog.When asked for his views about his t
20、eaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and (reward)Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai (reward) with a magnificent view.答案：with; forrewardingwas rewarded1in trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦/忧虑等的处境中教材原句Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P35)伊莱亚斯遇到麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。get into troub
21、le陷入困境；惹麻烦get sb. into/out of trouble使某人陷入/摆脱困境have trouble/difficulty做某事有困难ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃take (the) trouble to do sth. 费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(也可根据语境在trouble前加上a lot of/a little/great等)即时练1单句语法填空They are taking a lot of trouble (find) the right person for the right job.You cant imagine the trouble I
22、 had (persuade) him to change his mind.Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble your study.答案：to findpersuadingwith单句改错If you are in the trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand. 答案：去掉the2turn to 求助于；转向教材原句Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and w
23、hite people equal？(P35)为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？(1)turn down拒绝；调小turn off/on关掉/打开turn out证明是；结果是；生产turn ( . ) into (使)变成turn over翻页；移交；使翻转turn up露面；突然出现；开大(2)in turn 依次；轮流take turns to do/doing sth. 轮流做某事即时练2写出下列句中turn to的含义Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left. While in tr
24、ouble, you can turn to her for help. If you turn to page 40, you will find it. After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. 答案：转向求助于翻到开始从事根据语境用适当的介副词填空This morning, my grandmother turned the radio to listen to the news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly. S
25、o she turned it . But it was no use. She had to turn my father for help. I saw my father turned the radio and turned it to see what was wrong. It turned that the button did not work any more. My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn the radio, for the neighbors little baby was asleep at
26、 the time.答案：onuptooffoveroutdown3lose heart 丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气教材原句The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.(P37)即使身处困境，这个科学家也从不灰心，我们正是从他那里得到的好消息。lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心open yo
27、ur heart to sb. 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠heart and soul 全心全意from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的心底；真心实意地名师点津短语lose heart中heart前不能有任何修饰、限定成分，heart也不用复数形式。即时练3单句写作在面对困难的时候我们不应该丧失勇气，如果我们努力，我们就会找到出路。We should not in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。As a matter of fact, noth
28、ing is too difficult if you .我从心底感谢你的慷慨捐赠。Thank you for your generous donations.答案：lose heartput your heart into itfrom the bottom of my heart1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rig
29、hts at all.(P34)翻译过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)see表示“经历，发生”。see, find, witness等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。(2)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词是stage, situation, case, position, point, family等词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，将以上词看作抽象地点，因而关系词常为in which或where。名师点津occ
30、asion作先行词，且从句中不缺主语和宾语时，若意为“时刻”，则选用关系副词when；若意为“场合”，则选用关系副词where。即时练1单句语法填空The old temple (see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.The last thirty years (witness) a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.答案：has seenhave witnessed单句写作这一项目旨在使孩子们进入“深度阅读”的阶段，在这一阶段他们可以为了学习
31、而读书。The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， .销售经理这一职位，将交流能力与销售技能看得同等重要。Sales director is a is just as important as sales skills.你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。You could get into a immediately.答案：where/in which they can read to learnposition where/in which communication abilitysituation
32、 where/in which you have to make a decision2 . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(P34)翻译只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。(1)“only从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。即时练2单句写作只有当他告诉我这个消息时，我才知道了真相。Only when he told me about the news .只有用这种方式我们才
33、能生活在更舒服更美好的环境中。 in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。Only those this reality a really full life.答案：did I know the truthOnly in this way can we livewho accept; can lead/live3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(P38)翻译我第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。(1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句
34、的有：as soon as 一就(2)(3)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly, immediately, directly等，相当于as soon as。(4)hardly/scarcely . when . 以及no sooner . than . 意为“一就”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。名师点津要注意the first time与for the first time的区别：the first time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当第一次的时候”；而for the
35、first time 是介词短语，只能用作状语，不可用来引导状语从句，意为“第一次”。即时练3单句语法填空Be careful! The machine starts moment you press the button.Hardly had I got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.My mom didnt wait a moment, but came (direct) she received my call.The (one) time I interviewed him, he looked a bi
36、t nervous.答案：thewhendirectlyfirst定语从句()定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。关系副词用法when其先行词常常是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, hour, year等，when代替先行词在从句中作时间状语where其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place, room, house, street, area等， where在从句中代替先行词作地点状语why常用在先行词reason后，代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，也可用for which来代替重点提示选择关系副词作关系词的原则是：
37、从句中不缺少主语或宾语，然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定是使用when, where还是why。即时练.单句语法填空1Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job ， without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to.答案：where2I dont know the reason you were absent from the meeting and Im sure that someone will tell
38、 me the reason you havent told me.答案：why; which/that3We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.答案：when4Everyone will go through lifes stages of ups and downs, selfrespect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.答案：where5The yellow house windows face south is
39、 the place I spent my childhood.答案：whose; where.单句改错1The desk you have put so many books is mine. 答案：desk后加where2This is the reason why he explained for his being late for school. 答案：whywhich/that3Next month, which you will spend your holiday in your town, is approaching. 答案：whichwhen4The house that
40、 he lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 答案：thatwhere5There used to be a time during when the Chinese people struggled for freedom. 答案：whenwhich基础达标演练.单句语法填空1It does serious harm to childrens character that too much (violent) is shown on TV.答案：violence2Encouraged by my teacher, I am very (hope)
41、 about my future.答案：hopeful3Your teacher can give you (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.答案：guidance4It shocked her to hear that her good friend (attack) with cancer.答案：was attacked5The conflict between the two sides can be settled in a (peace) way.答案：peaceful6I am the first
42、(arrive), and she is the second.答案：to arrive7Only (educate) people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.答案：educated8The company (found) in 1996 is one of the new hightech companies.答案：founded9Maggie thought it was (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education
43、.答案：unfair10The man should be condemned for his (cruel) to his wife.答案：cruelty.单句改错1Though beaten by the opposite team they didnt lose their heart. 答案：去掉their2The children were so excited to be taken aboard the first time. 答案：aboard后加for3She started singing to the baby and was rewarded to a smile. 答
44、案：第二个towith4The time he has devoted in the past ten years to help the disabled is now considered to be of great value. 答案：helphelping5This was a time which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 答案：whichwhen.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1我第一次听说史蒂芬霍金时，就被他的奉献精神所感动。(the first time; devotion) 答案：The first
45、time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research.2在日常生活中，他处于很大的麻烦之中。(in great trouble) 答案：In his daily life, he is in great trouble.3只有求助于电脑时，他才能讲话、阅读和写作。(only when .; turn to) 答案：Only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write.4他对于世界的
46、贡献是无与伦比的。(have no equal) 答案：His contributions to the world have no equal.5在我看来，任何东西都无法回报他对科学的贡献。(in ones opinion; in reward for) 答案：In my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. In his daily life, he is in great trouble. Only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write. However, his contributions to the world have no equal. And in my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.