1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的2.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的3.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)vi. 吐痰4.howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫n. 长嚎，嗥叫5.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的6.gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的.汉译英1.acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的2.primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的3.category n. 种类；类别；范畴4.accelerate vi
2、.& vt. 加速；促进高频应用1.alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的2.regardless adv. 不管；不顾3.somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地4.skillful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的 5.delete vt. 删；删除拓展变形1.starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死2.accuracy (n.) 精确；准确accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的3.interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption (n.) 中断；干扰4.assume (
3、vt.) 假定；设想；承担assumption (n.) 假定；承担assuming (conj.) 假设5.sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具6.messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的mess (n.) 凌乱；脏7.analysis (n.) (pl.analyses) 分析analyse (vt.) 分析；分解8.ripen (vt. & vi.) 使成熟；成熟ripe (adj.) 成熟的9.significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant (a
4、dj.) 重要的10.systematic (adj.) 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的system (n.) 系统；体系11.receptionist (n.) 接待员；招待员receive (v.) 收到；接待reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎12.division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割13.applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause (n.) 鼓掌14.accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进acceleration (n.) 加速1.后缀en构成的动词sharpen (使)变得锋利；加
5、强ripen 变成熟shorten 变短；缩短widen (使)变宽deepen 使变深strengthen 加强frighten (使)惊吓darken 使变暗2.cy结尾的名词accuracy 正确，准确(度)；精确efficiency 效率；效能emergency 紧急情况fluency 流畅，流利frequency 发生率；频率；频繁privacy 隐私；隐居tendency 倾向，趋势3.分词用作介词或连词assuming 假设；假定considering 鉴于；考虑到including 包含；包括supposing 假设；假如provided/providing 假设；如果conc
6、erning 关于given 鉴于；考虑到一 动词介/副词1cut up 切碎；使伤心2fed up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦3look ahead 向前看；为将来打算4date from/back_to 追溯到；始于5keep out 关在门外；不准入内6show sb. around 领某人参观二 be形容词介词7be aware of 知道三 其他8regardless of 不管；不顾9at most 至多；最多10have no alternative but to_do . 除了别无选择；只好11with relief 欣慰地；轻松地1most 相关短语at most 至多；最
7、多not in the least 一点也不least of all 最不；尤其不last but not least 最后但同等重要的是2无被动语态的动词短语date from/back to 追溯到belong to 属于consist of 由组成come true 变成现实take place 发生break out 爆发_1It seems (to sb.) that . “(对某人来说)似乎”It_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their ski
8、n.(教材P38)2as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果明确告诉我们), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)3if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是就好了”If_only (要是就好了) it could be just like last year！(教材P43)4“had过去分词 . when .”表示“刚
9、刚这时”She had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when (这时) a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)5only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却”Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被搂了起来) by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材P43)单句语法填空1It is a great pleasure to meet yo
10、u students from England, _ are interested in archaeology.答案：who2You must be aware that its here _ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.答案：that3So we think it is reasonable _ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless _ the cold.答案：to assume; of4The
11、y couldnt have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must _ (be) very uncomfortable.答案：have been5. . , which suggests that they might have kept the fire _ (burn) all winter.答案：burning6We havent found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep _ the cold duri
12、ng the freezing winter.答案：out7We know that they moved around, _ (follow) the herds of animals.答案：following8Thats _ they are called hunters and gatherers.答案：why9He had a large, square face, _ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.答案：with10Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu,
13、 _ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.答案：who考点步步冲关1 alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的n可能的选择；选择对象Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做其他事的选择theres no alternative . 别无选择an al
14、ternative to . 一种替代/选择(2)alternative energy 替代能源；新能源alternative method 替代的方法(3)alternatively adv. 可供选择地名师点津“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：have no choice but to do sth.cannot but do sth.can do nothing but do sth.cannot help/choose but do sth.即时练1单句语法填空We could take the train or _ (alternative) go by car.I have g
15、iven the matter much thought, examining all the possible _ (alternative)We have no alternative but _ (sell) our house to pay the debt.My grandmother didnt do anything but _ (keep) house and serve everybody.If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alternative of _ (bring) your own.答案：alternati
16、velyalternativesto sellkeepbringing一句多译在四面楚歌的情况下，他没有别的办法，只好暂时放弃他的计划。Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he _ his scheme for the time being. (alternative)Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he _ his scheme for the time being. (can do nothing but)答案：had no alternative but to abando
17、ncan do nothing but abandon2 interruptvt.& vi.打断讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. with sth. 因某事打断某人/某事(2)interrupted adj. 中断的(3)interruption n. 打扰；打岔without interruption 连续地；不断地即时练2单句语法填空Sorry for the _ (interru
18、pt) but Id like to remind you its time for the meeting.The match took nearly three hours and _ (interrupt) at times by rain.The speaker went on talking, though continually _ (interrupt) by listeners.答案：interruptionwas interruptedinterrupted3 assumevt.假定；设想；承担So we think it is reasonable to assume th
19、ey lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that . 被认为(2)assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that . 假定(3)assuming (that) conj. 假设，假定名师点津assuming (that)表示“如果，假定”，引导条件状语从句，类似用法的词还有：supposing (
20、that) conj. 假设；假如provided/providing (that) conj. 只要；如果given (that) conj. 鉴于；考虑到considering prep. & conj. 鉴于；考虑到即时练3单句语法填空His _ (assume) that it was a gas explosion proved to be wrong.She had allowed him to live beneath her roof, _ (assume) that he was a man of honour.答案：assumptionassuming一句多译他们租了那个旧
21、房子，以为在搬进来之前房东会重新粉刷。They rented the old house _ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assumption n)They rented the old house _ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assume v)答案：on the assumption thatassuming that4 somehowadv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地Somehow he cycled thirty miles
22、 to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。somehow常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。,anyhowanyway，意为“无论如何”somehow意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”somewhat意为“有点；稍微”即时练4选词填空(anyhow/somehow/somewhat)I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world _，
23、but I had no idea how to do that.The price was _ higher than Id expected.It may rain, but _ I shall go out. I dont mind the rain.答案：somehowsomewhatanyhow1regardless of 不管；不顾教材原句So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1
24、)regardless of the fact that . 不管/不顾(2)in spite ofdespite 不顾/虽然/尽管(3)as regardsregardingin/with regard to 关于；至于(4)regard . as . 把看作即时练1单句写作我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。_ his age, he still leads an active life.答案：re
25、gardless ofIn spite of/Despite2date back to (date from) 追溯到教材原句All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。up to date 时髦的out of date 过时的make a date with 与相约/约会名师点津date back to
26、一般无进行时态，也无被动语态。即时练2用date相关短语的适当形式填空The car is a beauty and quite _.The traditional friendship between our two peoples _ ancient days.Much of the information in that book is now _.Ive _ Harold for next Sunday. Will you be able to come to the meeting?答案：up to datedates back to/dates fromout of datemad
27、e a date with3be fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦教材原句Well, Im fed up with all the attention and . (P41)嗯，我受够了所有这些关注和be bored with 对厌烦be content/satisfied with 对满意be delighted/pleased with 对感到高兴即时练3单句语法填空I resigned from the company because I was fed up _ my bosss constant complaints._ (feed) up with his lies, s
28、he wont believe in him any longer.答案：withFed一句多译戴维厌烦了在伦敦的工作，所以他请求转到巴黎的办公室。David _ in London, so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.(并列句)_ in London, David asked for a transfer to the Paris office. (分词作状语)答案：was fed up with his jobFed up with his job1If_only it could be just like last year!
29、(P43)翻译要是能像去年那样就好了！if only “但愿；要是就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。(1)“if only . could/would/mightdo .”表示对将来事情的愿望。(2)“if only . did .”表示与现在事实相反的愿望。(3)“if only . had done .”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。if only用来表达愿望，意为“但愿；要是就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气only if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“onlyif状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装即时练1单句语法填空Only if a t
30、eacher has given permission _ (be) a student allowed to enter this room.Only if I get a job _ I have enough money to go to school.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ (follow) your advice.If only he _ (arrive) in time, he would not have been punished.If only I _ (have) more money! I could buy so
31、me new clothes.答案：iswillhad followedhad arrivedhad2Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)翻译突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。(1)only to do sth.“不料；结果”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。(2)不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语时，表示其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的事情，不定式前常加onl
32、y；另外，不定式还用于too . to, enough to, never to, so/such . as to等固定结构中。现在分词作结果状语时，表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)，有时在其前面加上thus，谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。即时练2单句语法填空The fire was too big and out of control, _ (burn) the whole building down.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ (inform) that the film star had
33、left.The child slipped and fell, _ (hit) his head against the door.He has got married and settled in Australia, thus _ (leave) his family in Hong Kong.答案：burningto be informedhittingleaving动词时态：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。1叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for, since, all morn
34、ing/day/week等状语连用。The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it?电话响了几乎一分钟，为什么没有人接呢？2表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。Weve spent too much money recently.Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.最近我们花了太多的钱。好啦
35、，这不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚一直来访。3表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.她整天在打扫街道，她太累了。4带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。Oh, youve come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours.哦，你终于来了！我一直等了你两小时。即时练.单句语法填空1We _ (wait) here for more than two hours.答案：
36、have been waiting2Since the time humankind started gardening, we _ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.答案：have been trying3Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and _ (write) his essay there ever since.答案：has been writing4The girl has a great intere
37、st in sport and _ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.答案：has been taking5Tom _ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.答案：has been working.单句改错1Tom has been dig in the garden. Ive been helping him._答案：digdigging2Joseph had been going t
38、o evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name？” in Russian._答案：hadhas3The manager has been told the workers how to improve the program since 9 am._答案：toldtelling基础达标演练.单句语法填空1I am not accustomed to _ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and dont
39、do it again.答案：being interrupted2The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only _ (tell) the speaker had gone.答案：to be told3Its _ great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.答案：a4Fun though all this may sound, its still rather _ (mess)答案：messy5The cl
40、assroom is silent except for the busy _ (scratch) of pens on paper.答案：scratching6No sooner _ the professor entered the conference hall than everyone applauded.答案：had7There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but _ (wait)答案：to wait8_ (assume) that you ar
41、e chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?答案：Assuming9As I waved goodbye to them, I reflected on the _ (significant) of what I had seen.答案：significance10Only if a teacher has given permission _ (be) a student allowed to enter the room.答案：is.单句改错1It seems of great significance
42、 for him to be informed regardless what has happened at home and abroad._答案：regardless后加of2Its true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. Therefore, they dont like to take the new one._答案：ThereforeHowever3Johnsons best friend was arrested in Australia with carrying a false passport._答案：
43、withfor4The friendship dates from the war years has always lasted and will last forever._答案：datesdating或dates前加that/which5If only they are here now! We would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary._答案：arewere.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1李华是高三学生，经常想“要是我现在是大学生该多好啊！”(if only虚拟语气)_答案：Li Hua, a student of Sen
44、ior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！”2为将来打算，他除了为即将到来的高考做准备外别无选择。(状语从句省略；alternative)_答案：Looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination.3尽管他对每天做那么多的练习感到非常厌倦，但不管有多少困难，他都不得不加快复习的步伐。(feed up; regardless of)_答案：Though fed up
45、 with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties.4他的父母从不打断他学习，并经常给予他鼓励和赞赏。(interrupt; applause)_答案：His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Li Hua, a studen
46、t of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！” However, looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination. Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties. His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.