1、Unit 2 Working the land基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.statistic n. 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的3.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒4.bacteria n. 细菌5.soil n. 土壤.汉译英1.super adj. 特级的；超级的2.nationality n. 国籍3.pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟4.mineral n. 矿物；矿石高频应用1.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力2.decade n. 十年；十年期3.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗4.
2、rid vt. 摆脱；除去 5.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而6.focus n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦7.root n. 根；根源 8.skim vt. 浏览；略读9.underline vt. 画底线标出；强调ment n. 评论；议论vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论拓展变形1.output (n.) 产量；输出input (n.) 投入；输入2.hunger (n.) 饥饿；欲望 (vt.& vi.) (使)饥饿hungry (adj.) 饥饿的 3.disturbing (adj.) 引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb (vt.) 搅乱；弄乱；干扰4.e
3、xpand (vt.& vi.) 使变大；伸展expansion (n.) 扩张；扩展5.circulate (vt.& vi.) 循环；流传circulation (n.) 血液循环；流通6.freedom (n.) 自由；自主free (adj.) 自由的；自主的freely (adv.) 自由地；自主地7.equip (vt.& vi.) 配备；装备equipment (n.) 装备；设备equipped (过去式/过去分词)8.export (vt.& vi.) 输出；出口import (反义词)(vt.& vi.) 输入；进口9.occupation (n.) 工作；职业；占领occ
4、upy (vt.) 占领；占据10.confuse (vt.) 使迷惑；使为难confusion (n.) 困惑；迷惑confused (adj.) 感到迷惑的confusing (adj.) 令人迷惑的11.regret (vt.) 遗憾；惋惜 (n.) 遗憾；懊悔regretted (过去式/过去分词)regretful (adj.) 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的12.chemical (adj.) 化学的；化学作用的 (n.) 化学药品；化学制品chemistry (n.) 化学13.production (n.) 生产；制造produce (vt.) 生产；制造product (n.) 产品
5、producer (n.) 生产者；制片人14.nutrition (n.) 营养；滋养；食物nutritious (adj.) 有营养的；营养丰富的15.discovery (n.) 发现；发觉discover (vt.) 发现；发觉16.reduce (vt.) 减少；减缩reduction (n.) 减少；缩小17.summary (n.) 总结；摘要；概要summarize (vt.) 总结；概括；概述1.以tion结尾抽象名词production 生产；制造nutrition 营养；滋养；食物appreciation 欣赏，鉴赏celebration 庆祝，典礼combination
6、 结合concentration 集中，专心congratulation 祝贺consideration 考虑，思考occupation 工作；职业；占领application 请求，应用，运用2.以后缀ment构成的名词equipequipment 装备developdevelopment 发展argueargument 争论establishestablishment 建立employemployment 雇用improveimprovement 提高一 动词介/副词1.rid . of 使摆脱或除去2.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发3.lead to 导致；造成(后果)4.foc
7、us on 集中(注意力、精力等)于二 be形容词介词5.be satisfied with 对感到满意6.be rich in 盛产三 其他7.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为8.would rather 宁愿；宁可9.in addition 另外10.keep . free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)“beadj.with”高频短语be satisfied with 对满意be content with 对满意be pleased with 对满意be angry with 对发怒be familiar with 对熟悉be bored with 对厌烦b
8、e busy with 忙于be popular with 受欢迎be patient with 对耐心be strict with 对严格要求_1.if so状语从句的省略形式If_so (如果这样的话), what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)2.the序数词名词动词不定式In 1973, he became the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice (世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋) that has a high output. (教材P10)3.make itadj.动词不定式T
9、his special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce (使生产成为可能) 20% more of the crop in the same fields. (教材P10)4.倍数as . as . Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before (比以前多了一倍). (教材P10)5.would rather do . “宁愿做”He would much rather (宁愿) keep time for his hobbie
10、s. (教材P10)单句语法填空1._he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer.答案：Although2.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like _ of millions of Chinese farmers, _ whom he has struggled for the past five decades.答案：those; for3.Now more
11、than 60% of the rice _ (produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.答案：produced4._(bear) in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.答案：Born5.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice _(be) his life goal.答案：has been6.These _ (increase) harvests mean that 22% of
12、 the worlds people _ (feed) from just 7% of the farmland in the world.答案：increased; are fed7.Spending money on himself or _ (lead) a comfortable life also _ (mean) very little to him.答案：leading; means8.Over the past half century, _ (use) chemical fertilizers _ (become) very common in farming.答案：usin
13、g; has become9.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields (rich) in minerals and so more fertile.答案：richer10.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, _ (make) it ready for crops such as wheat or corn.答案：making考点步步冲关1 strugglevi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力Indeed, his sunbur
14、nt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.(P10)的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他数百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。struggle for 为而斗争struggle with/against 与作斗争；同搏斗struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle t
15、o ones feet 挣扎着站起来即时练1单句语法填空Most animals have to struggle _ existence in the dangerous world.We have to struggle _ all kinds of difficulties.Because a college community differs from the family, many students will struggle _ (find) a sense of belonging.The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled _
16、 his feet at last.答案：forwith/againstto findto2 equipvi.& vt. (equipped, equipped) 配备；装备He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10)于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。(1)equip . with . 用装备equip . for . 为而装备be equipped with 配备着；装备有be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/简陋的(
17、2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)a piece of equipment 一件设备即时练2单句语法填空Having equipped himself _ necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.As far as I know, he _ (equip) with much experience in teaching.答案：withis equipped单句改错We want our son to have a good educa
18、tion that will equip him with future life._Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past._In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs._答案：withforEquippingEquippedequipmentsequipment3 regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔His fat
19、her says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.(P13)他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。(1)regret sth. 后悔/遗憾某事regret that 从句遗憾regret doing sth.regret having done sth. 后悔做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(事情还未做)(2)much to the regret of sb.much to ones regret 使某人非常遗憾的是with great/deep regret 很遗憾have n
20、o regrets 没有遗憾(3)regretful adj. 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的即时练3单句语法填空Jerry did not regret _ (give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.I saw a _ (regret) look on her face when she left.答案：giving/having givenregretful单句写作我告诉他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”I told him that he had
21、 been dismissed. To my surprise, he said to me, “I _. I only regret _.”答案：have no regrets; having taken the wrong job4 reducevt.减少；减缩；降低；使陷入某种更坏的状态(常用于被动语态)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。(1)reduce . to . 把减少到；使某物变弱为reduce by 减少了be
22、 reduced to . 沦落为；被迫(to为介词)(2)reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默(3)reduction n. 缩小；减少即时练4单句语法填空Costs have been reduced _ 20% over the past year.Due to a lack of food in the hard time, many people were reduced to _ (eat) grass and leaves.She was reduced _ tears by their criticism.There has been som
23、e _ (reduce) in unemployment.答案：byeatingtoreduction1build up 逐渐增强：建立；开发；增进教材原句These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.(P14)随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。(1)build up a fame 建立名声build up ones health/body 增强体质(2)与副词up搭配的短语grow up 长大cut up 切碎put up 搭起；建起set up 建立speed up 加速gi
24、ve up 放弃add up 加起来；合计come up 上升；走近；发芽pick up 捡起；学会take up 拿起；开始；从事eat up 耗尽；吃完make up 构成；组成即时练1写出下列句中build up的含义Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep._His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experie
25、nce in teaching._We should take part in sports and outdoor activities, which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life._It is said that she has built up a very successful business._答案：积累逐渐增加增强的体质建立；创办用up相关短语的适当形式填空It didnt take me long to _ the basic knowledge of the languag
26、e.I must get rid of this large table, it _ too much room.There are more than two million farmers, _ two thirds of the total population of the province.答案：pick uptakes upmaking up2lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往教材原句Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14)很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。lead/live a(n
27、) . life 过着的生活lead the way 带路lead sb. into 带某人进入lead sb. to someplace 带领某人去某地lead sb. to do sth. 使得/诱使某人做某事lead up to 导致；造成；是的先导名师点津lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to等。即时练2单句语法填空The discovery of the new evidence led _ the thiefs being caught.I will divide the students
28、into small groups and lead them _ (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading _ happy life.答案：toto practisea一句多译众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。As we all know, success lies in hard work _. (lead)As we all know, success lies in hard wo
29、rk _. (result)答案：while laziness leads to failurewhile laziness results in failure3focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚焦于教材原句They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(P14)他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。(1)focus on集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点(3)a
30、djust the focus 调整焦距in focus 对准焦距out of focus 没对准焦距(4)focused adj. 注意力集中的；目标明确的(5)表示“集中注意力/精力于”的其他短语pay attention to sth.put ones heart into sth.fix ones attention on sth.concentrate (ones attention) on sth.即时练3单句语法填空To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more _ your career while you a
31、re young.With his attention _ (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.With so many people _ (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.答案：on/uponfocusedfocusing一句多译他担心的事太多，无法专心学习。With so many things to be worried about, he couldnt _ study. (focus)With so many things to
32、be worried about, he couldnt _ study. (concentrate)With so many things to be worried about, he couldnt _ study. (put)答案：focus (his attention) onconcentrate onput his heart into1If_so,_what did you do to grow them？(P9)翻译 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？if so “如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义，完整句子是if it is so；如
33、果表示否定意义，则用if not。when, whenever, though, although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。if构成的其他省略形式：if any 如果有的话if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果必要的话if ever 如果有过的话(曾经发生)即时练1单句写作你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快回信告诉我。Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? _， write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.我希
34、望在那里能见到你，不然的话，我会给你打电话的。I hope to see you there but, _， Ill call you.那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。There are few, _， mistakes in the book.如果可能的话，争取每天都在同一时间就寝，同一时间起床。_， try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.这里的气候宜人，夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况即使曾经发生过，也不多出现。The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rare
35、ly, _， reaching 30 in summer.答案：If soif notif anyIf possibleif ever2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(P10)翻译他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。(1)would rather “宁愿”，常用来表示选择的意愿would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事(2)宁愿做某事(而)不愿做某事/与其做某事倒不如做某事(3)would rather从句(谓语)(4)would rather have done 本来想做而未实现即时练2单句语法填空I
36、would rather you _ (finish) your homework yesterday.She would rather you _ (come) tomorrow than today.答案：had finishedcame一句多译为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。_， some people _ to work. (to do 不定式； would rather . than)_， some people _ to work. (in order to; would . rather than)Some people _ to work _they can
37、live a lowcarbon life. (so that; prefer to do . rather than)答案：To live a lowcarbon life; would rather take the bus than drive a carIn order to live a lowcarbon life; would take the bus rather than drive a carprefer to take the bus rather than drive a car; so that动词ing形式作主语和宾语动词ing形式作主语1动词ing形式作主语往往表
38、示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Going fishing is my favourite sport.钓鱼是我最喜欢的运动。2动词ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。常见的句型有：It is/wasIt is no use complaining.抱怨没有用。It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.谈论那些无用的事情是在浪费时间。动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid, miss, advise, finish, practise, enjoy, esca
39、pe, risk, mind, stand, imagine等。We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运，没有受罚。I tried to avoid making the same mistake.我努力避免犯同样的错误。2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词ing形式作宾语。常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used
40、 to, pay attention to, be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持用自己的方式做事。He devoted his energies to writing films.他把精力投入到创作电影上。3有些动词或词组后既可跟动词ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。stop/mean/try/remember/forget/regretWhen I came in, he stopped reading and looked up at me.当我进来的时候，他停止了阅读，抬头看着我。He stopped
41、to read when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，他停下来去阅读。4下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doingneed/want/require/deserve to be doneThe old temple needs这座旧庙宇需要维修。即时练.单句语法填空1 (know) basic firstaid skills, according to the expert, will help people respond effectively to emergenc
42、ies.答案：Knowing2_(injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.答案：Being injured3While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.答案：being persuaded4If you think that treating a kid well means always _ (give) him what he wants
43、, you are totally wrong.答案：giving5_ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案：Ignoring.单句改错1You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there._答案：serveserving2Communicate on WeChat is a common
44、phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters._答案：CommunicateCommunicating3The bus conductor forgot to reminding him to get off at that stop._答案：remindingremind4Its just a waste of time read the book again._答案：readreading5Toms win the first prize last year impressed me a lot._答案：winwinning基础达标演练.
45、单句语法填空1_ news came that the Ebola Virus spread quickly, which made us rather _. (disturb)答案：Disturbing; disturbed2In the future, we can send robots _ (equip) with cameras and other tools to do observation for us.答案：equipped3What a pity! We would rather we _ (follow) our teachers advice yesterday.答案：
46、had followed4All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or _ (national)答案：nationality5Troubled by a terrible headache, Catherine wondered how she could rid _ (her) of the bad situation.答案：herself6The people who want to improve their lives are left _ (confuse) by all of the co
47、nflicting information.答案：confused7For decades, they have been struggling _ (search) for ways to increase rice harvest, but without success.答案：to search8At first I regretted _ (invite) them to stay, but we soon became great friends.答案：inviting9They are discovering how to design spaces that promote cr
48、eativity, keep people _ (focus), and lead to relaxation.答案：focused10Planning ahead _ (make) no sensebecause many things will have changed by next year.答案：makes.单句改错1The current death rate is reduced about 10% compared to that of last year._答案：aboutby2It is the lack of movement, along with fatty diet
49、s, that lead to peoples putting on weight._答案：leadleads3We students should equip with knowledge as the competition nowadays is very fierce._答案：equip后加ourselves4Chinese farmers will never forget the great contributions Yuan Longping has made to rid them of hunger and poverty._答案：ridridding5Its our ho
50、pe that we will play a greater role in the marketplace and however, supply more jobs._答案：howevertherefore.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1我想简单地评论非洲的现状。(comment)_答案：I would like to make comments on the present situation of Africa simply.2那里大部分人还在同自然灾害作斗争，例如干旱。(struggle)_答案：Most of the people there struggle against na
51、tural disasters, for example drought.3让我们感到遗憾的是，他们缺少足够的设备，结果农作物的产量锐减。(regret; equipment; output; reduce)_答案：To our regret, they lack enough equipment; as a result, the crop output is greatly reduced.4他们打算集中精力学习发达国家的先进技术，逐步增强食物供给能力。(focus on; build up; supply)_答案：They plan to focus on learning advanc
52、ed technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply.5这些措施将会使他们的生活有很大的改善。(lead to)_答案：These measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：I would like to make comments on the present situation of Africa simply. As you know, most of the people ther
53、e struggle against natural disasters, for example drought. Whats worse, to our regret, they lack enough equipment; as a result, the crop output is greatly reduced. Happily, they plan to focus on learning advanced technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply. I believe all these measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.
