1、课时作业.完形填空(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _1_ with them lots of waste. The _2_ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the _3_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _4_ about the p
2、laceother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _5_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _6_ among tons of rubbish. I find a _7_ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _8_ but the efforts made
3、 by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _9_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _10_， in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _11_ as spiritual places by many cultures. This _12_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _13_ go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilome
4、ters. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, _14_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _15_low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I _16_ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland _17_：grave
5、l (砾石), stones and rocks. _18_ you climb into an arcticlike zone with _19_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _20_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境
6、污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。1A.keep BmixCconnect Dbring答案：D根据第一段第一句可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。2A.stories BbuildingsCcrowds Dreporters答案：C联系上文中的“about 40,000 people”可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。3A.position BageCface Dname答案：C联系上文中的“The glaciers are disappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。
7、4A.silent BskepticalCserious Dcrazy答案：B联系下文“other destinations are described as purer natural experiences”可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。be skeptical about “对表示怀疑”。5A.discover BargueCdecide Dadvocate答案：A联系下文的“much has changed”可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。6A.equipment Bgrass
8、Ccamps Dstones答案：C联系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。7A.remote BquietCtall Dclean答案：D联系上文“However (然而)”及下文“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。8A.new BspecialCsignificant Dnecessary答案：C上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。9A.payi
9、ng off Bspreading outCblowing up Dfading away答案：A联系前文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所作的努力似乎正在奏效(pay off)。spread out “展开”；blow up “爆炸”；fade away “逐渐消失”。10A.atmosphere BexperienceCexperiment Dsight答案：B联系下文“reaching the top”可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验 (experience)并不是登顶。11A.studied B
10、observedCexplored Dregarded答案：D联系空后的“by many cultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，be regarded as “被看作是”。12A.view BqualityCreason Dpurpose答案：A前一句指出山在很多文化中被看作灵魂之地，此空前有this限定，紧承前文，进一步陈述该看法(view)在乞力马扎罗山更体现得淋漓尽致，因为攀登者可在数公里的路程中穿越五种生态系统。13A.scientists BclimbersClocals Dofficials答案：B联系上文的“Every year about 40
11、,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro .”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。14A.holding on to Bgoing back toCliving up to Dgiving way to答案：D联系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters”可知，热带雨林在3,000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give way to意为“被代替”，符合语境。hold on to “坚持”；go back to “回到”；live up to “不辜负”。15A.changes Bcle
12、arsCimproves Dpermits答案：A上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“low clouds envelop the mountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。16A.match BimagineCcount Dadd答案：C联系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。17A.village BdesertCroad Dlake答案：B联系冒号后的“gravel, stones and rocks”可知，4,000米以上是荒漠(desert)。18A.Obviously BEasil
13、yCConsequently DFinally答案：D上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。19A.permanent BlittleCfresh Dartificial答案：A联系空前的“climb into an arcticlike zone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。20A.enjoy BdeserveCsave Dacquire答案：B联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞
14、力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？ .阅读理解A(2019昆明市高三摸底调研测试)Hiking EnglandDAY 1: ST BEES TO ENNERDALE BRIDGEOur journey sets out early this morning with a Coast to Coast tradition, approaching the Irish Sea. Then set off along the rocks of St Bees Head. Turning inland, well pause for a typic
15、al pub lunch on our way to Ennerdale Bridge, located at the foot of the Lake District mountains. (15 miles hiking, 8 hours) Accommodations: Ennerdale Country House HotelDAY 2: ENNERDALE BRIDGE TO HONISTERToday well walk into the impressive Lake District National Park, where glasslike lakes reflect m
16、ountains that rise from their shores. Our pleasant walk covers the southern edge of Ennerdale Water and the parks most western lake. After lunch near the Black Sail Hut, climb a 2,000foot mountain and take in the beautiful views of lakes and pastures (牧场). We finish in Borrowdale, a short transfer (
17、转乘) from our hotel. (13 miles hiking, 9 hours)Accommodations: Inn on the LakeDAY 3: GRASMERE TO GLENRIDDINGTake a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most wellknown works. Visit the poets home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration. Th
18、en climb over Grisedale Hause enjoying views of Helvellyn, Englands thirdhighest mountaintop. Hike down the valley toward Lake Ullswater and spend the night in Glenridding. (9 miles hiking, 5 hours)Accommodations: Glenridding Lake HotelDAY 4: LAKE ULLSWATER TO BAMPTONThe day begins with a scenic jou
19、rney on Lake Ullswater to Howtown. From here, we cross a historic Roman road on our way to Bampton. A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale. (12 miles hiking, 7 hours)Accommodations: The Black Swan篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了由海岸向内陆为期四天的徒步英格兰行程。1When do travelle
20、rs walk the longest distance?AOn Day 1. BOn Day 2.COn Day 3. DOn Day 4.答案：A细节理解题。根据行程可知，第一天至第四天的徒步行程分别是15英里、13英里、9英里和12英里，故游客在第一天的徒步距离最长。2Where is William Wordsworths home?AAt Grisedale Hause. BAt Helvellyn.CAt Grasmere. DAt Glenridding.答案：C细节理解题。根据DAY 3行程介绍中的“Take a short drive to Grasmere, where t
21、he great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most wellknown works. Visit the poets home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration.”可知，Grasmere是英国伟大诗人威廉华兹华斯的故乡。3What is special about Ravenstonedale?AIt offers travelers a nice pub lunch.BIt presents beautiful views of pastures.CIt
22、 has Englands thirdhighest mountaintop.DIt is an example of traditional English villages.答案：D细节理解题。根据DAY 4描述中的“A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale.”可知，Ravenstonedale是一个典型的英式乡村，故选D。B(2019北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds ocea
23、ns will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocea
24、n colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull car
25、bon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and
26、can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by
27、3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will tur
28、n greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type o
29、f fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “Itll be a while before we can statistically show that
30、the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。4What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?AThe various pat
31、terns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜
32、色变化的原因，故B项正确。5What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive. BBeneficial.CSignificant. DUnnoticeable.答案：A词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。6What can we learn from the passage?APhytoplankton play a declinin
33、g role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.答案：D推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D
34、项正确。7What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans.DTo introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影
35、响，故C项正确。.短文改错Decades ago there was no such a thincommunication. On September 7th 1987, the global system for mobile communication or GSM were born. And international agreements that laid off the standards and regulation gave rise to a global mobile phone industry.To be honest, the worlds first mobil
36、es were not so attractive but the range of effectiveness wasnt very well. But they became a musthave among those wealth people could afford one. However, by taking advantage of GSM which has many different elements, we could all enjoy the ability to go around the world in 217 countries, land in any
37、of it and know a phone will work.答案：1第一句：删除a考查冠词。communication是不可数名词，所以删除a。2第二句：werewas考查主谓一致。“the global system for mobile communication or GSM”是单数意义，所以were改成was。3第三句：offout考查固定短语。此处表示“设计标准和规则的国际协议”，lay out “设计”，是固定用法，所以off改成out。4第三句：regulationregulations考查名词。and连接并列结构，and之前是可数名词的复数形式，and之后的可数名词也要用
38、复数形式，所以regulation改成regulations。5第四句：butand考查连词。“the worlds first mobiles were not so attractive”与“the range of effectiveness wasnt very well”之间是并列关系，所以but改成and。6第四句：wellgood考查形容词。这里表示“实效范围也不好”，well表示身体健康的，所以well改成good。7第五句：wealthwealthy考查形容词。修饰名词people，用形容词，所以wealth改成wealthy。8第五句：could前加who/that考查定语从句。本句中含有一个定语从句，修饰先行词wealthy people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以could前加who/that。9第六句：couldcan考查动词的时态。本句描述经常且反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，所以could改成can。10第六句：itthem考查代词。指代前面的“217 countries”，是复数意义，所以it改成them。