1、2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（19）及答案解析第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2012北京西城期末改编)Traffic ManagementTraffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic flow.They are not，however，perfect.Drivers complain the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for
2、a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying，and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage.Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicles speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible，but practically hard.Roadside signs wired
3、 to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing，but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University，and LiShiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，however，have an idea that
4、could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs，they propose to use mobile phone applications.For a driver to benefit，he must load the teams software，named SignalGuru，into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his cars windsc
5、reen，with the camera lens(镜头)pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red，yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software，andif there are enough of themthe phones thus each know the st
6、atus of most of the lights around town.Using this information，SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.Tests in Cambridge，Massachusetts，where five drivers were asked to follow the same ro
7、ute for three hours，and in Singapore，where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes，revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively，in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambr
8、idge the lights shifted，roughly halfway through the test，from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule，while in Singapore lights are adaptive，using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalG
9、uru fooled.Fuel consumption fell，tooby about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use，and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.56Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because _.Athey are expensive and e
10、asily breakBthey are too costly and not widely usedCthey are complex and confusing to driversDthey are theoretically possible but practically useless57SignalGuru is an application used on _.Aa camera Ba computerCa mobile phone Da GPS system in ones car58With the information it collects and processes
11、，SignalGuru is able to _.Ahelp drivers avoid traffic accidents Bhelp drivers to adjust their speedCchange the traffic lights in advance Dsend information to all cell phones59The tests in Cambridge and Signapore were impressive because SignalGuru _.Aproved to be unreliable Boperated at a high speedCf
12、unctioned rather stably Dunderstood drivers schedules56B根据文章第二段第三句中的“.but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.”可知应选B项。57C根据第三段第一句中的“For a driver to benefit，he must load the teams software，named SignalGuru，into his phone.”可知，SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里的应用软件，故选C项。58B根据第三段的最后一句“Using this informati
13、on，SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速，避免等红灯。59C根据第四段中的“This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.”可知，在这两个试
14、验中，虽然各有干扰因素，但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此选C项。*结束 (2012陕西师大附中月考)Increasingly，Americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms，order home health tests or medical devices，or even selftreat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies(药店)Some avoid doctors beca
15、use of the high cost of medical care，especially if they lack health insurance.Or they may stay because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight，alcohol consumption or couch potato habits.Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health，or they distrust physicians because of n
16、egative experiences in the past.But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.Every day，more than six million Americans turn to the Internet for medical answersmost of them arent nearly skeptical enough of what they find.A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 72 percent
17、of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites.They shouldnt.Look up “headache”，and the chances of finding reliable and complete information，free from a motivation for commercial gain，are only one in ten，reports an April 2005 Brown Medical School study.Of the 169 websites
18、 the researchers rated，only 16 scored as “high quality”Recent studies found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders，causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete，inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.The problem is that most people dont know t
19、he safe way to surf the Web.“They use a search engine like Google，get 18 trillion choices and start clicking.But thats risky.Because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative(权威的)，its hard to know whether what youre reading is reasonable or not，” says Dr.Sarah Bass from the National
20、Cancer Institute.60According to the text，an increasing number of Americans _.Aare suffering from mental disorders Bturn to Internet for helpClike to play deadly games with doctors Dare skeptical about surfing medical websites61According to the study of Brown Medical School，_.Amore than 6 million Ame
21、ricans distrust doctorsBonly 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profitCabout 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high qualityD72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty information62Which of the following is the authors main argument?AIts cheap to selftreat your own illness.BIts embarra
22、ssing to discuss your bad habits.CIts reasonable to put up a medical website. DIts dangerous to be your own doctor.63According to Dr.Sarah Bass，what is the problem with the people turning to the Internet for medical help?AThey have no idea what search engines are safe.BThey always click too many aut
23、horitative sites.CThey are eager to apply what they read on the Net.DThey dont know how to get safe information while surfing the Internet.60B由全文第一句“Increasingly，Americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms.”可知答案为B项。61C由第二段中的“Of the 169 websites the researchers
24、 rated，only 16 scored as high quality”可知，169家保健网站，只有16家安全可靠，即占约1/10。故答案为C项。62D文章首先谈到越来越多的美国人生病不再去看医生，而通过上网买药治病，自己当医生；下文又讲到网上的信息并不安全可靠，许多网站存在不完整、不准确，甚至是危险的信息。故作者认为自己诊治自己的做法是危险的。63D由最后一段内容尤其是第一句可知Dr.Sarah Bass认为多数人并不知道如何在网上得到安全可靠的信息。*结束 (2012山西山大附中月考)Awardwinning author Emma Donoghues latest book，Room
25、，is a unique and amazing story about a boys experience living in a small，windowless room with his mother.The 11squarefoot space between the walls of the room is actually all the boy knows because he was born there and has never left.Room will horrify，surprise，sadden，and finally delight you.Attracted
26、 from the start，readers of all sorts wont want to put Room down.First published in the US.in September 2010Publisher：Little Brown321 pagesLiterary master Ian McEwan returns with Solar，a novel about a Nobel Prizewinning physicist.The physicists personal life is in a mess as his fifth marriage breaks
27、up，but this time he actually loves his wife and wants to make things better.Solar is a funny story，completely unusual and as good as anything the writer has ever written.Published in March 2010Publisher：Knopf Doubleday304 pagesOne Day by David Nicholls was an international bestseller before it was r
28、eleased in the US.in June.Although it is well written and funny at times，dont be fooledthis isnt a romantic comedy.If you decide to read it，be prepared for some heavy moments.Published in the US.in June 2010Publisher：Vintage Contemporaries437 pagesFall of Giants by Ken Follett is the first book in a
29、 new trilogy(three books)that will take readers through the major events of the twentieth century by following five families.In Fall of Giants，most of the action centers on World War and the Bolshevik Revolution.Although Fall of Giants is more than 1,000 pages and has many characters，the story is re
30、markably connected.Published in September 2010Publisher：Dutton1008 pages64According to the text，the latest and longest novel is _.ARoom BSolar COne Day DFall of Giants65We can know from the text that _.Athe main character of Room has a wide range of knowledgeBSolar is the only book that Ian McEwan h
31、as ever writtenCall the four books were not published in the same monthDOne Day is a funny romantic comedy that sells very well66What can we infer from the passage?AIan McEwans fifth marriage broke up.BRoom by Emma Donoghue has a happy ending.CThe publisher of One Day is Little Brown.DDutton and Ken
32、 Follett are both publishers.64D根据四本书的出版时间和页数可知选D项。65C根据四本书的出版时间可知，一本在3月出版，一本是在6月出版，还有两本在9月出版，故C项正确。66B从第一段的“.finally delight you.”可知，Room这本书有一个愉快的结局。*结束 In the face of tragedy(悲剧)，you must of course let yourself feel：Cry without holding back，shake with fear，yell out in anger，accept and follow your
33、feelings.This is part of the wise approach to tragedy：The Upward Paththe feeling of emotions(情感)，the acceptance of them，and the coupling of the emotional mind with wisdom.Along this path，youll take the experienceno matter how sad or upsettingas a learning event，just as all other points on your journ
34、ey will prove to be.While tragic，you must recognize this is still a chance for all involved to grow.You should let both sadness and joy，fear and courage，dark and light fill your world，and learn to find your steady，calm center in the midst of the opposing forces.This is the Upward Path.Use the event
35、as a chance to gain balance and discover wisdomthe wisdom of love and of letting go，of nonattachment and nonresistance，and using this experience to eventually help others in need of guidance.Being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hopeof recovery，of insig
36、ht，and of moving forwardis perhaps the greatest gift you can receive from tragedy.Turn the negative into positive，the pain into connection.After youve taken appropriate time to be sad，to feel your own pain，you should make it your work，your goal，your purpose to connect with others who need help.Show
37、them how youve experienced feelings，achieved balance，and gained wisdom that you would never have otherwise had the chance to learn.FEEL，but do not FEED on tragedy.Rather，let it inspire you to go beyond the person who you were before.With demise comes renewal，so let this loss be also your rebirth.No
38、matter how hopeless it seems，no matter how difficult this becomes，you have the power to transform yourself into someone greater than you ever knew you could be.67When following the Upward Path，the person facing tragedy should _.Afree his emotions Bhold back all his feelingsCfill his world with posit
39、ive ideas Dgive in to tragedy and all opposing forces68According to the author，the greatest gift one gets from tragedy is being able to _.Aseek solutions from others Bunderstand and help othersCstay calm and resist change Dforgive others and move on69The underlined word“demise”in the last paragraph
40、probably means _.Asorrow Bproblem Cdifficulty Ddeath70The purpose of the passage is to _.Aanalyze the causes of tragedyBtell people how to prevent tragedyCsuggest a way of dealing with tragedyDencourage people to build friendship after tragedy67A根据第一段中“While tragic，you must recognize this is still a
41、 chance for all involved to grow.Use the event as a chance to gain balance and discover wisdomthe wisdom of love and of letting go.”可知，如果一个人沿着向上的轨迹，那么当他面对悲剧时，就会释放他的情绪，获得心理平衡，发现智慧。故A项正确。68B根据第二段中“Being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hopeof recovery，of i
42、nsight，and of moving forward.”可知，能与那些经历过不幸的人相处并鼓励他们去获取希望。故B项正确。69D由语境可知，让不幸来鼓励你超越你前面的人，以死亡来振兴自己，让失利成为你的重生。70C本文主要讲述了如何去面对不幸及解决方法。故C项正确。*结束A(2011全国卷，A)Since 1984 ，Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one，graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far，more than 1,800 mur
43、als (壁画) have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city. The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places at
44、tractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphias AntiGraffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about, ”she says，“I answer them with one word: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops.
45、 Some onetime graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAPs work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets，”“Love and Care, ”and “Peace W
46、alk.”The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year，the workers painted 140 murals.“The making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says Golden，who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. 本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成
47、了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love，from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB. MAP, a New Company in PhiladelphiaC. Jane，an Excellent Mural ArtistD. Hope，One Wall at a Time答案：D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2. What is the Mural Arts Pro
48、gram in Philadelphia aimed at?A. Helping the young find jobs.B. Protecting the neighborhood.C. Fighting against graffiti.D. Attracting more visitors.答案：C。细节理解题。由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphias AntiGraffiti Network.”可知C项正确。3. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A. By ha
49、ving discussions with people in the community.B. By seeking advice from the city government.C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.D. By studying the history of the city.答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为A项。4Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A. Difficult. B. Dangerous.C. E
50、xperimental. D. Successful.答案：D。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知the MAP每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为D项。 (2011湖北卷，B)Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are differen
51、t explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a son
52、g together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred HHarrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may
53、actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are dist
54、ant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if w
55、olves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5What is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in c
56、horus?AThe act of calling each other.BThe sense of accomplishment.CThe act of hunting for something.DThe sense of belonging to a group.答案：D。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项D的说法是一致的。6Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?AWolves
57、 separate from each other after howling.BWolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.CWolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.DWolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：C。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joi
58、ning.”都可以表明选项C的说法是符合原文之意的。7Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.Ashow their ranks Bfind their companionsCreport the missing onesDexpress their loneliness答案：B。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项B的说法是最符合原文的。8“Howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.Ahowling is a signal for huntingBhowling is a way of communicationChowling often occurs in the morningDhowling spreads from one to another答案：D。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项D所说的那样。
