1、2014高考英语阅读理解提升全程训练（8）及答案阅读理解-A(201*重庆卷，C)Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washi
2、ng off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with di
3、rt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice n
4、eighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the
5、 idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of
6、disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。
7、5The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because _.Athey lived healthily in a dirty environmentBthey thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inCthey believed disease could be spread in public bathsDthey considered bathing as the cause of skin disease答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第
8、二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知C项正确。6Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing?AAfraid. BCurious.CApproving. DUninterested.来源:答案：A。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。7. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By prov
9、iding examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.答案：C。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。8What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To c
10、all attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.答案：D。细节理解题。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。阅读理解-AWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Per
11、sons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, showe heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above
12、 average height, it says.But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average night of the population has been increasing ye the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person usi
13、ng it, so even a king-size bed at 66(6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, “seven-foot beds would work fine.” Sililarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Sm
14、all tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat HousesCaledoman Hotl in Edinburgh, 66beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitor
15、s, particularly Americans.( ) 1. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A. To provide better services. B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants. C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.D. To attract more people to become its members.( ) 2. Which of the following might be a bed of proper
16、length according to Phil Heinricy?A. 72. B. 7 C. 66 D. 63( ) 3. What may happen to restaurants with small tables?A. They may lose some customers. B. They may start businesses elsewhere.C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.( ) 4
17、. What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh? A. Tall people pay more for larger beds. B. 66beds have taken the place of 63beds.C. Special rooms are kept for Americans. D. Guest rooms are standardized.【解题导语】说明文。主要讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。64. 答案C 细节理解题。由第二段的which
18、 was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。65. 答案B细节理解题。由倒数第三段Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, “seven-foot beds would work fine.”可知。66. 答案A推理题。由倒数第二段的内容可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。选A。67. 答案B。细
19、节理解题。ACD在文中均是无中生有，在文中无对应内容。由倒数第一段可知66beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. B项正确。较难题目特训：科普知识类Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars(火星), and say they could be protecting life from the planets terrible environment.The f
20、irst caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASAs Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance youd find it in
21、 caves,” said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红
22、外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm,suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.“I said:Wow, thats a cave. ” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time;now we have found them.”He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escap
23、ing from the bitterly cold,radiation-soaked(充满辐射的),dry surface.“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of sp
24、ace radiation.The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lava flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled,forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining lava to flow out, forming caves.”1. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. How th
25、e caves were formed on Mars.B. How scientists found these caves on Mars.C. Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.D. Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.2. We can learn from the passage that.A. water has already been found on MarsB. the scientists found all the
26、caves at nightC. it is certain that there is life in these cavesD. the surface of Mars is bitterly cold,radiation-soaked and dry3. According to the passage,Dr. Clarke was so excited because.A. such caves could provide energy for lifeB. they had finally found the caves on MarsC. such caves would be p
27、erfect places to hunt for lifeD. scientists had long been looking for these caves4. Necessary condition for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include.A. lava and energyB. water and radiation from spaceC. gases and lavaD. water and protection from radiation【参考答案】19.1-4 CDBD阅读理解-BCassandra Fee
28、ley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The familys old farm house has become a chicken bourse its r
29、esidents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said,“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so its a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans
30、who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Other have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. No
31、w many gardens across the country hacek been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C. Ball Jr. owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. M
32、r. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking use in me cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewe
33、r vacations, so there more time to garden.( ) 1. What does the word“residents”in Paragraph l probably refer to?A. chickens B. tomatoes Cgardens Dpeople( ) 2. By saying“a win-win situation all around”，MsGartin means that_.Ashe is happier and her garden biggerBshe may spend less and lose weightCshe is
34、 selling more and buying lessDshe has grown more varieties of vegetables( ) 3. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?AMore Americans are doing it for funBThe price of oil is lower than beforeCTheres a growing need for fruitsDThe cost of living is on the rise( ) 4. Which of the fol
35、lowing might be the best title for the text?AFamily Food Planning BBanking on GardeningCA Belt-tightening Move DGardening as a Hobby较难题目特训：科普知识类Youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, youre yawning with him, though youre not tired. This phenomenon confused s
36、cientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate r
37、egularly without words. Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how were feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with st
38、ates of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions. When were in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that refl
39、ect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely
40、that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that were partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy peopleotherwise your health could s
41、uffer,” said Critchley. “When were sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when were happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”1. According to Hugo Critchley, .A. emotions are as vi
42、sible as facial expressionsB. we yawn more frequently when we have a coldC. emotions are connected with states of internal responsesD. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions2. The underlined word “synchronise” in Paragraph 4 means “”.A. move slowlyB. change rapidlyC.
43、relax temporarilyD. respond accordingly3. From the passage we can learn.A. sadness is as contagious as happinessB. anger is less contagious than friendlinessC. surprise is more contagious than smileD. surprise is the most contagious among emotions4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.D. People tend to communicate more with body language.【参考答案】20.1-4 CDBA