1、江苏省无锡市普通高中2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）注意:本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。答案全部做在答题卡上。总分为120分，考试时间120分钟。第一卷(选择题，共85分)第一部分听力测试(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题:每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the w
2、oman want?A. Coffee. B. Juice. C. Tea2. How does the man go shopping now?A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By car.3. What are the two speakers talking about?A. A film. B. An actor. C. The mans sister.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a hospital5. W
3、hat does the woman plan to do tomorrow morning?A. Stay in bed. B. Do some washing. C. Cook breakfast herself.第二节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. Whats the probable relationship b
4、etween the two speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Driver and passenger. C. Husband and wife.7. What will the speakers do next?A. Telephone Tom. B. Listen to some music. C. Attend a concert.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8. What is the girl longing to do?A. Travel alone. B. Stay out late on weekdays. C. Have more p
5、ocket money.9. How old might the girl be?A.15. B.17. C. I1.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. When does the conversation take place?A. Before class. B. In class. C. After class.11. What trouble does the boy have?A. He is confused about part of what theyve learnt today.B. He understands nothing of what theyve lear
6、nt today.C. He has difficulty understanding Chapter 3 of the textbook.12. How does the woman deal with the boys trouble?A. Explain the puzzle to him in class.B. Ask him to go to her office that afternoon.C. Ask the boy to refer to the textbook first on his own.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where is the woman
7、 going now?A. To an art museum.B. To a Chinese restaurant.C. To an underground station.14. Why does the woman come to the city?A. On business. B. For shopping. C. For travelling.15. Why does the man recommend the restaurant to the woman?A. Because the service there is good.B Because the food there i
8、s tasty.C. Because the price there is low.16. Which is the best means of transport to the restaurant according to the man?A. The bus. B. The taxi. C. The underground.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What makes fatty meals more popular with children?A. Free toys. B. Fast food. C. Special discounts.18. What midd
9、ay snacks are overweight children advised to eat?A. Chocolate bars. B. Sweet cookies. C. Apple pies.19. What is the most important thing in getting children to exercise?A. Forcing them to exercise every day.B. Making exercise fun for them.C. Teaching them to have a strong will.20. How many suggestio
10、ns does the author provide for overweight children?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B. C. D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.The greatest gifts in life are not purchased, but _ through hard work and determination.A. acquiredB. arrangedC. adoredD. a
11、llocated【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活中最珍贵的礼物不是买来的，而是通过努力和决心获得的。A. acquired获得；B. arranged安排；C. adored喜欢；D. allocated分配。连词but（但是）表转折，可以推断生活中最珍贵的礼物是通过努力和决心获得的，动词acquired（获得）符合句意，故选A。2._ the path of a county is the right one is a matter to be decided by its people.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Why【答案】C【解析】【详
12、解】考查主语从句。句意：一个县城的道路是否是正确的路，由它的人民决定。分析句子可知， “_ the path of a county is the right one”是名词性从句中的主语从句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因为引导主语从句只能用whether，故选C。【点睛】名词性从句，从属连接词选用的基本原则：缺主语时用：who/what/which缺宾语时用：who/whom/what/which缺定语时用：what/which/whose缺状语时用：when/where/why/how不缺成分用：that/whether/if(that没有意思；w
13、hether/if翻译成“是否”，引导主语从句只能用whether)例如本题，句意：一个县城的道路是否是正确的路，由它的人民决定。分析句子可知， “_ the path of a county is the right one”是名词性从句中的主语从句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因为引导主语从句只能用whether，故选C。3.Thousands of fires have broken out in Brazil, _ much of the rainforest.A. having endangeredB. endangersC. endanger
14、edD. endangering【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：巴西发生了数千起火灾，危及大部分雨林。动词“endanger”（危害）和主句主语“Thousands of fires”是逻辑主谓关系，表主动用现在形式，做结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故选D。4.When a bird spots a hunter, _ just flying away, it calls out in alarm and warns other birds.A. regardless ofB. other thanC. instead ofD. rather than【答案】C【解析】【详解】
15、考查介词词组辨析。句意：当一只鸟发现了一个猎人，不是飞走，而是会发出警报，警告其他的鸟。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. other than不同于；C. instead of代替； D. rather than而不是。根据空格后一句“it calls out in alarm and warns other birds.”（ 它就会发出警报，警告其他的鸟。），可判断鸟儿没有飞走，“instead of”（是而不是）符合句意，故选C。5.China has _ efforts to promote “red tourism featuring visits to sites w
16、ith significance of revolutionary history.A. taken upB. stepped upC. brought upD. made up【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国加大了“红色旅游”的宣传力度，主要是参观具有革命历史意义的景点。A. taken up着手做；B. stepped up提高（强度等）； C. brought up抚养；D. made up组成。根据空格后面“to promote”（目的去宣传），可以判断是提高、加大efforts（努力）去宣传，stepped up提高（强度等）符合句意，故选B。6.At the
17、website Word Spy, fappy,_ is short for fat and happy, is defined as overweight and happy with ones life.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. which【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在Word Spy网站上，“fappy”是肥胖和快乐的简称，定义为超重和对自己的生活感到快乐。分析句子可知，“ _ is short for fat and happy”是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，先行词是“fappy”，指物，故选D。【点睛】定语从句两个最大特点：1）有先行词：名词
18、/代词/句子。2）缺少成分：（缺少成分需要补上如下相应代词或副词）1.主语：that（先行词是人或物），who（先行词是人），which（先行词是物/事情）2.宾语：that（先行词是人或物），who（先行词是人），whom（先行词是人），which（先行词是物/事情）3.状语：where（先行词是地点），when（先行词是时间），why（先行词是reason缘由）4.定语：whose（先行词是人或物）5.非限制性定从有逗号与主句隔开， 如果先行词是事情/物，从句缺少主语或宾语，关系代词只能用which，不能用that例如本题，句意：在Word Spy网站上，“fappy”是肥胖和快乐的简称，
19、定义为超重和对自己的生活感到快乐。分析句子可知，“ _ is short for fat and happy”是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，先行词是“fappy”，故选D。7.Taiwanese actor Godfrey Gao_ an evening variety show when he suddenly collapsed, which saddened thousands of his fans.A. had filmedB. was filmingC. had been filmedD. was filmed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：台湾演员Godfrey
20、Gao在拍摄晚间综艺节目时突然倒下，这让他的粉丝们很伤心。分析句子可知，when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，引导时间状语从句，这种用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.be doing sth. when，由从句中使用一般过去时可知，主句用过去进行时，故选B。【点睛】when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”， 引导时间状语从句，这种用法的when分句一般位于句末:1)sb.was doing sth. when; （某人正在做某事这时）2)sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when;（某人将要做某事这时）3)sb.
21、 had (just) done sth. when（某人做完某事这时）例如本题，句意：台湾演员Godfrey Gao在拍摄晚间综艺节目时突然倒下，这让他的粉丝们很伤心。分析句子可知，when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，引导时间状语从句，这种用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.was doing sth. when，可知，这里应用过去进行时，故选B。8.Credits in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students gain _ to competitive schools.A. privilegeB. distinction
22、C. currencyD. admission【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进阶课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的学校。A. privilege特权；B. distinction差别； C. currency货币；D. admission进入。分析句子可知，学分帮助学生进入更有竞争力的学校，“ admission”（进入）符合句意，故选D。9.Alcohol is classified as a downer, and _ it is legal, it can damage the liver if consumed in large quantities.A.
23、becauseB. unlessC. althoughD. until【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：酒精被归类为镇静剂，尽管它是合法的，但如果大量饮用会损害肝脏。A. because因为；B. unless除非；C. although尽管；D. until直到为止。根据空格后文“it is legal, it can damage the liver if consumed in large quantities.”（ 它是合法的，如果大量饮用会损害肝脏。）可知，有转折关系，“although”（尽管）符合句意，故选C。10.-It seems that nothing can
24、 _ from her mind the memory of the war.-Poor Anna!A. cureB. claimC. eraseD. ease【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有什么能从她的脑海中抹去那场战争的记忆。可怜的安娜！A. cure治愈；B. claim声称；C. erase抹去，擦掉；D. ease减轻。根据“Poor Anna!”（可怜的安娜！），可推断，Anna还没有忘记可怕的战争，“erase”（抹去）符合句意，故选C。11.The combination of economic and career opportunities and
25、 sponsorship for studying abroad is _ lies behind the reversal of Chinas brain drain.A. thatB. whatC. whereD. why【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查表语从句。句意：经济和职业机会的结合以及出国留学的资助是中国人才流失逆转的原因。分析句子可知，“The combination of economic and career opportunities and sponsorship for studying abroad”是主语，“_ lies behind the reversal of
26、Chinas brain drain.”是名词性从句总的表语从句，这个从句缺少主语指原因，应填what，故选B。12.If we teach todays children with yesterdays _ teaching method, well rob them of tomorrow.A. confidentialB. commercialC. conventionalD. conditional【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们用昨天的传统教学方法来教育今天的孩子，我们就会剥夺他们的明天。A. confidential机密的； B. commercial商
27、业的；C. conventional传统的； D. conditional有条件的。“teaching method”（教学方法）是名词，要用形容词来修饰，根据空格前“yesterdays”（昨天的）这里引申为过去的，可推断“conventional”（传统的）符合句意，故选C。13.-Frozen II was on show on November 22nd， 2019.-Had it not been for the fact that I _ tired out, I would have gone to see it that night.A. wasB. wereC. amD. h
28、ad been【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：-冰雪奇缘2于2019年11月22日上映。-要不是我累坏了，那天晚上我就去看了。“that I _ tired out”是对前面名词“fact”（事实）客观事实内容解释，根据第一句“Frozen II was on show on November 22nd， 2019.”可知是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，因为主语是单数第一人称“I”，故选A。14.How fantastic his spoken English is! He_ abroad for several years.A. may stayB. must have
29、 stayedC. can stayD. must have been staying【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：他的英语口语多棒啊！他一定在国外呆了好几年了。情态动词+have done用法是对过去事情的推测，根据前一句“How fantastic his spoken English is!”可知是肯定性推测，用must have done，表示他肯定在国外待过几年。故选B。【点睛】“情态动词+ have done”用法总结1. could have done可以表示“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”。 2. must have done表示对过
30、去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测，语气较强。3. may / might have done表示对已经发生过的情况的推测，语气稍弱。4. should / ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做”，其否定形式表示“本不该做某事而实际上做了”，通常含有责备的意思。5. neednt have done表示“本不必做某事而实际上做了”。例如本题，句意：他的英语口语多棒啊！他一定在国外呆了好几年了。情态动词+have done用法是对过去事情的推测，根据前一句“How fantastic his spoken English is!”可知是肯定推测，用must have d
31、one，再根据“for several years.”可知，在国外待过几年，应用“stay”（短暂地待在），故选B。15.- I am worm out after working so long.-Me, too. Its time to _.A. call it a dayB. pull my legC. fly off the handleD. kill the fatted calf【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查习惯用语。句意：工作了这么久，我累坏了。我也是，该收工了。A. call it a day收工；B. pull my leg戏弄；C. fly off the handle大发
32、雷霆；D. kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎。根据第一句“- I am worn out after working so long.”和第二句“-Me, too.”可知，两个人工作那么久都累坏了，该收工休息了，“call it a day”（收工）符合句意，故选A。第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Most stories of kindness do not begin with a Marvel movie superstar. Mine_16_.It wa
33、s at a garden party for the ACLU. I was_17_my grandmother to the event. When Robert Downey arrived, in a gorgeous cream-colored suit, my grandmother shrugged, far more interested than in_18_ her paper plate with cheese. He wasnt Cary Grant or Gregory Peck. What did she _19_?After the speeches _20_ w
34、ith thanks, we stood up to make our exit. But as she rose, my grandmother_21_and fell into the wheelchair ramp (坡道) that provided the disabled with _22_ to the stage. The wheelchair ramps had_23_ edges, which sliced her leg right open. The blood was _24_. I put my head_25_my knees because I thought
35、I was going to faint (昏倒)._26_，somebody took control of the situation. That person was Robert Downey.He ordered someone to call a(n)_27_ . He took off his gorgeous suit, _28_ his sleeves, and grabbed my grandmothers leg. Then he took the suit, which Id _29_hed taken off only to get it_30_and he tied
36、 it around her wound. I watched the suit turn red with her_31_， He knew how to speak to her,_32_ her, and-most critically-play to her vanity (虚荣心). He told her how beautiful her legs were. He stayed with her until the ambulance came.Believe it or not, I hurried into the ambulance without a word. I w
37、as too_33_ and too shy to thank him. We all have things we wish wed said, moments wed like to revisit and re-experience. Rarely do we get that chance to_34_ those times when words completely_35_us.16. A. isB. doesC. hasD. will17. A. drivingB. sendingC. accompanyingD. inviting18. A. packingB. pilingC
38、. providingD. equipping19. A. careB. needC. likeD. ignore20. A. startedB. pausedC. closedD. concluded21. A. trippedB. shookC. jumpedD. dashed22. A. admissionB. accessC. wayD. path23. A. sharpB. vagueC. abruptD. flat24. A. amazingB. thrillingC. shockingD. relieving25. A. inB. overC. offD. between26.
39、A. NaturallyB. UndoubtedlyC. EventuallyD. Luckily27. A. doctorB. organizerC. ambulanceD. taxi28. A. lifted upB. brought upC. rolled upD. put up29. A. assumedB. hopedC. assuredD. confirmed30. A. in the wayB. out of the wayC. on the wayD. by the way31. A. woundB. scarC. stainD. blood32. A. amuseB. ple
40、aseC. distractD. disappoint33. A. embarrassedB. dizzyC. ambiguousD. arbitrary34. A. catch up withB. make up forC. put up withD. make use of35. A. forgotB. escapedC. lostD. failed【答案】16. B 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35.
41、D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者陪奶奶参加聚会时，奶奶意外摔倒，划破了腿出了好多血，电影明星Robert Downey及时帮奶奶包扎并叫来救护车，作者当时太害羞而没有向Robert Downey道谢。【16题详解】考查助动词辨析。句意：大多数关于善举的故事都不是从一位伟大的电影巨星开始的，但我的故事是从一位伟大的电影巨星开始的。A. is是；B. does代替实意动词避免重复；C. has有；D. will将要。根据前一句“Most stories of kindness do not begin with a Marvel movie superstar.”（大多数关于善举的故
42、事都不是从一位伟大的电影巨星开始的）可知，这里“Mine”是指“My story”，再根据第二段中的“somebody took control of the situation. That person was Robert Downey.”（有人控制了局面，那个人就是Robert Downey。），可知奶奶出现意外后，电影明星Robert Downey帮助了她，所以可推断作者的故事是从电影明星开始的，这里避免和前一句中的“begin”（开始）重复，用助动词“does”，故选B。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我陪我奶奶去参加活动。 A. driving开车；B. sending发送；
43、C. accompanying陪伴；D. inviting邀请。根据空格后文“When Robert Downey arrived my grandmother shrugged, far more interested than in_3_ her paper plate with cheese. He wasnt Cary Grant or Gregory Peck. What did she _4_?”（Robert Downey到的时候我奶奶耸耸肩，比起往纸盘里堆奶酪来，她对Robert Downey更感兴趣。他不是Cary Grant或者Gregory Peck。她在乎他什么呢？）可
44、知，作者的奶奶参加这个活动是来看影星Robert Downey，作者对这个影星并不感兴趣，所以只是陪奶奶来，故选C。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Robert Downey穿着华丽的奶油色西装来时，祖母耸了耸肩，比起往纸盘里堆奶酪来，她对Robert Downey更感兴趣。A. packing打包；B. piling堆放；C. providing提供；D. equipping配备。根据空格后“her paper plate with cheese.”可知，往纸盘子里放奶油，“pile”（堆放）符合句意， 故选B。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在乎他什么？ A. care在乎
45、，关心；B. need需要；C. like喜欢；D. ignore忽视。根据前一句“He wasnt Cary Grant or Gregory Peck.”（ 他不是Cary Grant或者Gregory Peck），可知，在作者看来Robert Downey并不是什么大明星，奶奶到底在乎他什么呢？“care”(在乎，关注)符合句意，故选A。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：演讲结束后，我们站起来退场。A. started开始；B. paused停顿； C. closed关闭；D. concluded结束。根据空格后文“we stood up to make our exit.”（我们站
46、起来退场。）可知，演讲结束了，“conclude”(结束)符合文意，故选 D。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当奶奶站起来的时候，她绊倒了，掉进了轮椅坡道，这个坡道为残疾人提供了进入舞台的通道。A. tripped绊倒；B. shook摇晃；C. jumped跳跃；D. dashed冲。根据空格后文“fell into the wheelchair ramp”，可知，奶奶绊倒了才掉进坡道，故选 A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当奶奶站起来的时候，她绊倒了，掉进了轮椅坡道，这个坡道为残疾人提供了进入舞台的通道。A. admission承认，坦白；B. access通道；C
47、. way方法，道路； D. path道路。根据空格前文“the wheelchair ramp”（轮椅坡道），可以推断这个坡道是通向舞台的通道，“access”（通道）符合句意，故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：轮椅坡道的边缘很锋利，把她的腿划破了。A. sharp锋利的； B. vague模糊的；C. abrupt突然的；D. flat平坦的。根据空格后文“which sliced her leg right open.”（边缘把她的腿划了个口子），可知边缘很锋利，故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：血很吓人。A. amazing令人惊异的；B. thrillin
48、g让人兴奋的； C. shocking可怕的；D. relieving缓和的。根据下一句中的“I thought I was going to faint”（我以为我会晕倒），可知，作者差点被吓晕倒，说明血很吓人，故选C。【25题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我把头放在两膝之间，因为我想我快要晕倒了。A. in在里面； B. over在上方；C. off从落下；D. between在两者之间。根据空格后文“my knees”，可知是两个膝盖，“between”（两者之间）符合句意，故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有人控制了局面。A. Naturally自然地；B. Un
49、doubtedly毫无疑问地；C. Eventually最终地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据空格前文“which sliced her leg right openI thought I was going to faint”（ 边缘把她的腿划了个口子我想我快要晕倒了）和空格后文“somebody took control of the situation.”（有人控制了局面。）可知，在作者奶奶腿受伤流血，作者吓得快要晕倒时，万幸的是有人控制了这糟糕的局面，“Luckily”（幸运地）符合句意，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他让人叫救护车。A. doctor医生；B. or
50、ganizer组织者；C. ambulance救护车；D. taxi出租车。根据这一段最后一句“He stayed with her until the ambulance came.”（他一直陪着她直到救护车来。）可知，他让人叫来救护车，这里是词义重现用法，故选C。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他脱下华丽的西装，卷起袖子，抓住了我奶奶的腿。A. lifted up抬起来；B. brought up抚养；C. rolled up卷起来；D. put up举起。根据空格后文“grabbed my grandmothers leg. Then he took the suitand he
51、tied it around her wound.”(抓住我奶奶的腿，然后他拿了西装绑在她的伤口上。)可知，他应该是卷起袖子，然后做后续这些动作，故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他拿起西装，我以为他脱下西装只是把它放旁边不碍事，他把它绑在她的伤口上。A. assumed以为，假定；B. hoped希望；C. assured确保；D. confirmed确定。根据空格下文“he tied it around her wound”（他把它绑在她的伤口上）可知，这只是作者以为他会有把脱下的西装放在一边，故选A。【30题详解】考查介词词组辨析。句意：然后他拿起西装，我以为他脱下西装只
52、是把它放旁边不碍事，他把它绑在她的伤口上。A. in the way挡住路；B. out of the way不碍事；C. on the way路上； D. by the way顺便问一下。根据这一段中的“He took off his gorgeous suit, _13_ his sleeves, and grabbed my grandmothers leg.（ 他脱下华丽的西装，卷起袖子，抓住了我祖母的腿。）可以推断，作者看到Robert Downey这样做，以为他脱下西装只是把它放旁边不碍事，故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着那套衣服被她的血染红了。A. wound
53、伤口；B. scar疤痕；C. stain瑕疵；D. blood血液。根据第二段中的“The wheelchair ramps had_8_ edges, which sliced her leg right open. The blood was _9_.”（ 轮椅坡道的边缘很锋利，把她的腿划破了。血很吓人。）和空格前文“Then he took the suithe tied it around her wound. I watched the suit turn red”(然后他拿起西装他把它绑在她的伤口。我看着西装变红了)，可知是奶奶腿上流的血把西装染红了，故选D。【32题详解】考查动
54、词词义辨析。句意：他知道如何和她说话，转移她的注意力，而且最重要的是迎合她的虚荣心。A. amuse逗乐；B. please使满意；C. distract，转移（注意力）；D. disappoint使失望。根据下一句“He told her how beautiful her legs were”（他告诉她，她的腿是多么的美丽），可知，他没有说伤口和流血而是赞美她的腿美，是在转移她的注意力，故选C。【33题详解】考查形词词义辨析。句意：我太尴尬又害羞以至于不知怎么谢他。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. dizzy头昏的；C. ambiguous含糊不清的；D. arbitrary随意的
55、。根据第二段中的“I put my head_10_my knees because I thought I was going to faint. _11_，somebody took control of the situation. That person was Robert Downey.”（ 我把头放在两膝之间，因为我想我快要晕倒了。幸运的是，有人控制了局面。那个人就是Robert Downey。）可知，当时作者差点吓晕倒，没能帮助自己的奶奶，感到很尴尬，故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们很少有机会去弥补那些时光, 因为我们不知说什么。A. catch up wit
56、h追上；B. make up for弥补；C. put up with容忍；D. make use of利用。根据前文“I was too_18_ and too shy to thank him. We all have things we wish wed said, moments wed like to revisit and re-experience.”（ 我太尴尬又害羞以至于不知怎么谢他。有些话我们都希望我们当时说过，有些时刻我们想重温和重新体验。）可知，作者希望当时能感谢Robert Downey，但事实上作者没能找到机会弥补，“make up for”（弥补）符合句意，故选B
57、。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很少有机会去弥补那些时光，因为那时我们不知说什么。A. forgot遗忘；B. escaped逃脱；C. lost丢失；D. failed使失望；失败。“when words completely_20_us.”是定语从句，先行词是“those times”指的是这段中的“I was too_18_ and too shy to thank him.”（我太尴尬又害羞以至于不知怎么谢他。），可知，那时，我们不知说什么，“fail sb”（ 使失望），“words fail me”(话语让我失望，既指不知如何表达）符合句意，故选D。【点睛】完形填空题型
58、特点之一是词义重现：同义词、近义词、反义词重复出现。例如第12小题，句意：他让人叫救护车。A. doctor医生；B. organizer组织者；C. ambulance救护车；D. taxi出租车。根据这一段最后一句“He stayed with her until the ambulance came.”（他一直陪着她直到救护车来。）可知，他让人叫来救护车，这里是词义重现用法，故选C。第三部分阅读理解(共15 小题:每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEuropes most beautiful p
59、lacesEurope is an amazingly varied place. The old continents historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors, but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners, known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers.Lake Inari, FinlandHigh above the Arctic Circle and
60、close to Finlands border with Russia, Lake Inari is a year round paradise. Dark, snowy winters make it ideal for catching a glimpse of the aurora borealis. Its tree-lined banks glow a burnt orange during autumn and in summer, you can swim in its chilly shallows. The center of local Sami culture, its
61、 as remote and traditional as Finland gets.Unst, Shetland Isles, ScotlandThe most northerly occupied island of the British Iles, Unst is a wild, rugged place where seas crash into the dramatic Muckle Flugga sea stacks.The later are a harbor for gannets (塘鵒) during breeding season, with birdwatchers
62、also treated to the sight of searching skuas (贼鸥).Yorkshire Dales, EnglandIts narrow lanes lined with drystone walls cry out to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures while its moody hill continually attract walkers, no matter the weather Geological wonders such as the limestone spectacles of Malham
63、Cove and Gordale Scar make it perhaps the most beautiful part of the British IslesLoire Valley, FranceChateau de Chambord and Chateau de Chenonceau are the most famous, filled with classic viewing towers, formal gardens and boating lakes.Throw in a tour of its graperies, where some of the worlds fin
64、est wines are produced, and its glamour is impossible to ignore.36. According to the passage, the best destinations in Europe are _.A. historic cities and Mediterranean beachesB. known to people around the worldC. familiar to only a handful of peopleD. similar to each other with no obvious differenc
65、es37. If you are a cyclist interested in adventures, youd better choose _.A. Unst, Shetland Isles, ScotlandB. Yorkshire Dales, EnglandC. Loire Valley. FranceD. Lake Inari, Finland【答案】36. C 37. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍欧洲最美丽的几个旅游地，这些地方较偏远，只有当地人和几个勇敢的旅行者才知道。【36题详解】细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“Europe is an amazingly varied
66、placebut the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners, known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers.”(欧洲是个拥有各种各样景点的地方但最好的目的地有时是更偏远的角落，只有当地人和几个勇敢的旅行者才知道。)可知，欧洲最好的旅游目的地只有少数人熟悉。文章中“a few”呼应选项C中的“a handful of”；文章中的“known mainly to”和选项C 中的“familiar to only”呼应，故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Yo
67、rkshire Dales, England部分的“Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls cry out to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures ”(狭窄的小巷两旁是干石墙，呼唤那些寻求奇妙探险经历的骑自行车的人。)，可知，如果你是骑自行车的人并对冒险感兴趣，你最好选择英格兰的Yorkshire Dales。文章中的“cyclists seeking marvelous adventures”和问题中的“a cyclist interested in adventures”相呼应，故选B。BA widel
68、y-used gas that is currently produced from fossil fuels can instead be made by an artificial leaf that uses only sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, and which could eventually be used to develop a sustainable liquid fuel alternative to petrol.The carbon-neutral (碳中和) device sets a new standard in th
69、e field of solar fuels, after researchers at the University of Cambridge demonstrated that it can directly produce the gas-called syngas (合成气) -in a sustainable and simple way.Rather than running on fossil fuels, the artificial leaf is powered by sunlight, although it still works efficiently on clou
70、dy and overcast days. And unlike the current industrial processes for producing syngas, the leaf does not release any additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The results are reported in the journal Nature Materials.Syngas is currently made from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (氧化碳)，
71、 and is used to produce a range of products, such as fuels, medicines, plastics and fertilizers.“You may not have heard of syngas itself but every day, you consume products that were created using it. Being able to produce it sustainably would be a critical step in closing the global carbon cycle an
72、d establishing a sustainable chemical and fuel industry, said senior author Professor Erwin Reisner from Cambridges Department of Chemistry, who has spent seven years working towards this goal.The device Reisner and his colleagues produced is inspired by photosynthesis- the natural process by which
73、plants use the energy from sunlight to turn carbon dioxide into food.On the artificial leaf, two light absorbers, similar to the molecules in plants that harvest sunlight, are combined with a catalyst (催化剂) made from the naturally abundant element cobalt (钴). When the device is dipped in water, one
74、light absorber uses the catalyst to produce oxygen. The other carries out the chemical reaction that reduces carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, forming the syngas mixture.As an added bonus, the researchers discovered that their light absorbers work even under the low levels
75、of sunlight on a rainy or overcast day.“This means you are not limited to using this technology just in warm countries or only operating the process during the summer months,” said PhD student Virgil Andrei, first author of the paper. “You could use it from dawn until dusk, anywhere in the world.”38
76、. With the artificial leaf, we can _.A. produce syngas in a sustainable and simple wayB. prevent carbon dioxide from being release into the atmosphereC. make products like medicines, plastics and fertilizers out of fossil fuelsD. harvest abundant sunlight through petrol and close the global carbon c
77、ycle39. For the syngas mixture to be formed, we might as well _.A. get rid of one light absorberB. block the contact with sunlightC. provide a special catalystD. keep the artificial leaf far away from water40. What can we learn from what PhD student Virgil Andrei said?A. Syngas has already been in w
78、idespread use around the world.B. The artificial leaf is powered by fossil fuels rather than sunlight.C. The artificial leaf doesnt depend too much on the weather or location.D. Syngas is currently made from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.【答案】38. A 39. C 40. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明，目前由化石燃料生产的
79、广泛使用的气体可以由只使用阳光、二氧化碳和水的人造叶子制成，最终可用于开发一种可持续的液体燃料替代汽油。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A widely-used gas that is currently produced from fossil fuels can instead be made by an artificial leaf that uses only sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, and which could eventually be used to develop a sustainable liquid fuel a
80、lternative to petrol. ”（ 目前由化石燃料生产的广泛使用的气体可以由只使用阳光、二氧化碳和水的人造叶子制成，最终可用于开发一种可持续的液体燃料替代汽油。）和第二段“The carbon-neutral (碳中和) device sets a new standard in the field of solar fuels, after researchers at the University of Cambridge demonstrated that it can directly produce the gas-called syngas (合成气) -in a s
81、ustainable and simple way. ”（ 在剑桥大学的研究人员证明了碳中性装置能够以可持续和简单的方式直接产生所谓的合成气之后，碳中性装置在太阳能燃料领域树立了一个新的标准。），可知，第二段中的“The carbon-neutral (碳中和) device”指的是第一段中的“artificial leaf”，使用人造叶子，我们可以用一种可持续和简单的方式生产合成气。故选A。【39题详解】细节理解题。 根据倒数第三段“On the artificial leaf, two light absorbers, similar to the molecules in plants
82、that harvest sunlight, are combined with a catalyst (催化剂) When the device is dipped in water, one light absorber uses the catalyst to produce oxygen.The other carries out the chemical reaction that reduces carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, forming the syngas mixture. ”(在人造叶
83、子上，类似于植物中收集阳光分子两个光吸收体，与催化剂结合在一起当装置浸入水中时，一个光吸体使用催化剂产生氧气。另一种则进行化学反应，将二氧化碳和水还原成一氧化碳和氢气，形成合成气混合物。)，可知，要形成合成气混合物，我们不妨提供一种特殊的催化剂，故选C。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This means you are not limited to using this technology just in warm countries or only operating the process during the summer months,” said PhD studen
84、t Virgil Andrei, first author of the paper. “You could use it from dawn until dusk,anywhere in the world.” ”（博士研究生Virgil Andrei该论文的第一作者说：“这意味着你不仅可以在温暖的国家或在夏季使用这项人造叶子技术，你可以在世界上任何地方，从黎明到黄昏使用它。”）可知，我们从Virgil Andrei博士的话中了解到，人造叶子不依赖于天气或地理位置。故选C。CFor some people, higher education is not just a goal in lif
85、e, but also an expectation. In the United States, if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will, too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy.But your chances are reduce
86、d if you come from a needy family a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing peoples behavior thro
87、ugh indirect suggestion and by supporting positive actions.A growing number of U.S. colleges and universities look to nudging as way to support poor, minority and first-generation students. They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates. Two common forms of nudging are emails to student
88、s and text messages to their mobile phones. Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.However, Alejandra Acosta-a higher education policy expert at New America-notes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must
89、possess in order to be successful.Acosta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach college students well before the date by which a student is required to take action. Additionally nudges should be written clearly and provide as much information as possible. If students start to struggle in c
90、lass, school officials should not just message them, saying they should seek academic support. The message should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make use of them. That is why nudges should possess interactive qualities, A
91、costa says. For example, students should be able to ask questions of school officials or be directed to a website for more information. In addition, colleges and universities must ensure their support services are in place and working as best they can.When nudges work, they can do a lot of good. In
92、2018, a nonprofit group launched a nudging campaign at four U.S. community colleges. They worked with nearly 10,000 first-year students at three such colleges in Ohio and one in Virginia. A recent study found that older and minority students who agreed to receive these nudges were 16 to 20 percent m
93、ore likely to continue into their second year than those who did not.41. Who is most likely to receive and complete higher education according to the passage?A. Tony, whose father is the only bread-winner in the family.B. Jimmy, whose mother is a worker in a small factory.C. Betty, whose grandmother
94、 is a housemaid of a famous university professor.D. Cathy, whose parents failed to attend college but succeeded in starting a big company.42. What can we know about nudging?A. It is anchored in psychological science.B. It is a way to improve peoples mind.C. It offers concrete and direct advice.D. It
95、 helps students via emails and text messages.43. Which adjectives can be used to describe ideal message qualities of nudging?A. Timely, practical and interactive.B. Timely, interactive and sustainable.C. Immediate, authentic and consistent.D. Immediate, interactive and permanent44. What is the passa
96、ge mainly talking about?A. The problem with higher education.B. A way for colleges to support students.C. The popularity of nudging campaign.D. A national campaign dealing with poverty.【答案】41. D 42. D 43. A 44. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。对一些人来说，高等教育不仅是人生的目标，也是一种期望。但是，如果你来自一个贫穷的家庭，一个教育资源有限的社区，或者你根本没有人可以作为例子，你的
97、机会就会减少。文章讲述越来越多的美国学院和大学希望通过推动理论来支持穷人、少数民族和第一代学生。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy.(即使你的父母没有上过大学，如果你的家庭富裕，你仍然有很大的机会完成高等教育。)可知，选项D“Cathy, whose parents failed to attend college but succe
98、eded in starting a big company.”(Cathy，她的父母没能上大学，却成功创办了一家大公司。)中的Cathy最有可能接受和完成高等教育。文章中的“your parents did not go to collegeif your family is wealthy.”和D选项中的“whose parents failed to attend college but succeeded in starting a big company”相呼应，故选D。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Two common forms of nudging are email
99、s to students and text messages to their mobile phones.(两种常见的推动的方式是给学生发电子邮件和手机短信。)可知，推动理论通过发电子邮件和短信帮助学生，故选D。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Acosta says messages must be timelyThe message should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make
100、use of them.That is why nudges should possess interactive qualities ”(Acosta说信息必须及时这条信息应该给予学院或大学提供什么样的支持以及学生如何准确地利用这些支持的信息。这就是为什么推动应该拥有互动的特质)可知，A选项“Timely, practical and interactive”（及时的、实用的、互动的）中的形容词可以用来描述推动理论理想的信息品质，故选A。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一、二段中的“For some people, higher education is not just a goal
101、in life, but also an expectation.”(对于一些人来说，高等教育不仅仅是人生的目标，更是一种期待。)和“But your chances are reduced if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.”(但是，如果你来自贫穷的家庭，一个教育资源有限的社区，或者你根本没有榜样可以效仿，你的机会就会减少。)可知，第一、二段提出问题抛砖引玉，第三、四段
102、引导出文章主题，根据第三段 “Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing peoples behavior through indirect suggestion and by supporting positive actions.”(帮助那些需要帮助的人是行为科学策略背后的主要思想之一，这种策略被称为“推动理论”或“推动”。“推动”是通过间接
103、暗示和支持积极行为来改变人们行为的一种方式。)和第四段中的“A growing number of U.S. colleges and universities look to nudging as way to support poor, minority and first-generation students”(越来越多的美国学院和大学希望通过推动理论来支持贫穷的、少数民族的和第一代的学生)，可知，这篇文章主要讨论大学支持学生的一种方式，故选B。【点睛】DLiu, the farmer, sat at the door of his one-room house. It was a w
104、arm evening in late February, and in his thin body he felt the coming of spring. How he knew that the time had now come when life began to move in the soil? He could not have told himself. Most of all, in any other year than this he might have pointed to his wheat fields where he planted wheat in th
105、e winter when the land was not needed for rice and where, when spring was moving into summer, he planted the good rice for rice was his chief crop. But the land told nothing this year. There was no wheat on it, for the flood had covered it long after wheat should have been planted, and it lay there
106、cracked and like clay but newly dried.Well, on such a day as this, if he had his buffalo (水牛) and his plow (犁) as he had always had in other years, he would have gone out and plowed up that cracked soil. He ached to plow it up and make it look like a field again, yes, even though he had not so much
107、as one seed to put in it. But he had no buffalo. If anyone had told him that he would eat his own water buffalo that plowed the good land to him; he would have called that man idiot. Yet it was what he had done. He had eaten his own water buffalo, he and his wife and his parents and his four childre
108、n, they had all eaten the buffalo together.But what else could they do on that dark winter s day when the last of their store of grain was gone, when the trees were cut and sold, when he had sold everything, even the little they had saved from the flood, and there was nothing left except the shabby
109、house they had and the worn clothes they wore? Was there sense in removing the coat from ones back to feed ones belly? On that day when he had seen the faces of his old parents set as though dead, on that day when he had heard the crying of his children and seen his little daughter dying. Such a des
110、pair had seized him as made him like a man without his reason, so that he had gathered all his strength and he had done what he said he never would; he had taken the kitchen knife and gone out and killed his own beast. When he did it, even in his despair, he screamed, for it was as though he killed
111、his own brother. To him it was the last sacrifice._ It would have taken them all except that in the great pools lying everywhere, which were left from the flood, there were shrimps (小虾), and these they had eaten raw and were still eating, although they were all sick and would not get well. In the la
112、st day or so his wife had crawled out and dug a few weeds. But there was no fuel and so they also were eaten raw. But the bitterness was good after the tasteless flesh of the raw shrimps. Yes, spring was coming.He sat on heavily, looking out over his land. If he had his buffalo back, if he had his p
113、low that they had burned for fuel. But now he was comforted by nothing.And he looked, hopeless, into the barren (贫瘠的) spring.45. Why didnt Liu know the coming of spring according to Paragraph 1?A. Because he was too old and weak.B. Because the rice failed to come up.C. Because the barren field told
114、nothing.D. Because the flood was still in progress.46. The underlined word idiot in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.A. heroB. foolC. geniusD. idol47. What can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3?A. The hard work of ploughing the cracked soil ached Liu.B. The crying and dying families added to
115、Lius economic burden.C. Liu removed his coat to feed his belly but found it useless.D. Killing the buffalo for food was the last thing that Liu would do.48. Which of the following sentences best suits the blank in Paragraph 4?A. Yet. It was not enough.B. Well, that was sorrow for a man.C. That was w
116、hat the winters famine had taken from them.D. That sacrifice made him realize the only comfort lent was to die on their own land.49. Whats the writers tone in writing this story?A. Indifferent.B. Critical.C. Favorable.D. Sympathetic.50. Which of the following serves as the best title for this passag
117、e?A. Barren SpringB. Desperate FarmersC. Terrible FloodD. Horrible Famine【答案】45. C 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述一个农民遇到天灾洪水，洪水把所有东西都冲没了，到春天的时候，地里什么都没有。在饥荒难耐的时候，这个农民痛心地把自己犁地的水牛杀掉给家人充饥。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But the land told nothing this year. There was no wheat on it, for the floo
118、d had covered it long after wheat should have been planted, and it lay there cracked and like clay but newly dried.”（但今年地里什么都没有。土地上没有麦子，因为本该早在小麦种下之后，洪水早已把它淹没，土地裂开，像新干的黏土。）可知，根据第一段，刘不知道春天的到来是因为那贫瘠的土地什么都没有。文章中“There was no wheat on it, for the flood had covered it long after wheat should have been pla
119、nted, and it lay there cracked and like clay but newly dried.”和选项C中的“barren”（贫瘠的）相呼应；文章中“the land told nothing”呼应选项C中“field told nothing”，故选C。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“water buffalo that plowed the good land to him”（能犁好地的水牛），可推断，对农民来说，能犁好地的水牛非常重要，所以如果有人告诉他，把能犁好地的水牛吃掉，他会叫那个人傻瓜。可知第二段划线单词“idiot”和“fool”（傻瓜）意
120、思接近，故选B。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If anyone had told him that he would eat his own water buffalo that plowed the good land to him; he would have called that man idiot.”（如果有人告诉他，他将吃掉那头能犁好地的水牛，他会叫那个人傻瓜。）和第三段倒数第二句“When he did it, even in his despair, he screamed, for it was as though he killed his own broth
121、er.”（当他这么做的时候，尽管很绝望，他尖声叫，因为这就像他杀死了自己的兄弟。），可知，杀牛为食是刘最不愿做的事，故选D。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But what else could they do on that dark winter s day when the last of their store of grain was gone, when the trees were cut and sold, when he had sold everything, even the little they had saved from the flood, and t
122、here was nothing left except the shabby house they had and the worn clothes they wore? Was there sense in removing the coat from ones back to feed ones belly? he had taken the kitchen knife and gone out and killed his own beast. When he did it, even in his despair, he screamed, for it was as though
123、he killed his own brother.”（ 但是，在那个漆黑的冬天，当他们储存的最后粮食耗尽，当树木被砍伐卖掉，卖掉了所有的东西，甚至他们从洪水中拯救出来的那一点点东西，除了他们的破房子和他们穿的破衣服他们什么都没有，他们还能做什么呢？把衣服从身上脱下来喂肚子有意义吗？他拿起菜刀走了出去，杀死了自己的牲口。当他这么做的时候，很绝望，他尖声叫，因为这就像他杀死了自己的兄弟。）可知，什么吃的东西都没有，由于饥荒，刘没办法最终把自己的水牛杀死了，这就是冬天的饥荒从他们那里夺走的东西。文章中“dark winter s day”呼应C选项中的“winter”，文中“when the la
124、st of their store of grain was gone”呼应C选项中的“famine”，故填C。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据文章几个描述“his thin body ”（ 他瘦弱的身体），“ He ached to plow it up and make it look like a field again, yes, even though he had not so much as one seed to put in it.”（他渴望把地犁起来，让它看起来又像块田地，是的，尽管他连一粒种子都没有种进去。），“there was nothing left except t
125、he shabby house they had and the worn clothes they wore”（ 除了他们的破房子和破旧的衣服外，什么也没有留下）可知，作者是带着同情心写这个故事的，“sympathetic”（富有同情心的），故选D。【50题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“It was a warm evening in late February, and in his thin body he felt the coming of springBut the land told nothing this year. There was no wheat on it, f
126、or the flood had covered it long after wheat should have been planted, and it lay there cracked and like clay but newly dried. ”(那是二月下旬一个温暖的夜晚，他瘦弱的身体感受到春天的来临，但今年地里什么都没有。土地上没有麦子，因为本该早在小麦种下之后，洪水早已把它淹没，土地裂开，像新干的黏土。)和最后一段“And he looked, hopeless, into the barren (贫瘠的) spring.”（ 他绝望地望着贫瘠的春天。），可知，文章最恰当的标题
127、是“Barren Spring”（ 贫瘠的春天），故选A。【点睛】文章主旨大意题中的标题判断一般可以从文章的第一段和最后一段里找到。例如第6小题，根据第一段中的“It was a warm evening in late February, and in his thin body he felt the coming of springBut the land told nothing this year. There was no wheat on it, for the flood had covered it long after wheat should have been plan
128、ted, and it lay there cracked and like clay but newly dried. ”(那是二月下旬一个温暖的夜晚，他瘦弱的身体感受到春天的来临，但今年地里什么都没有。土地上没有麦子，因为本该早在小麦种下之后，洪水早已把它淹没，土地裂开，像新干的黏土。)和最后一段“And he looked, hopeless, into the barren (贫瘠的) spring.”（ 他绝望地望着贫瘠的春天。），可知，文章最恰当的标题是“Barren Spring”（ 贫瘠的春天），故选A。第二卷(非选择题，共35分)第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，
129、满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词.请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。Artificial intelligence in businessLie detectors are not widely used in business, but Ping An, a Chinese insurance company, thinks it is a great tool. The company lets customers apply for loans through its app. Potential b
130、orrowers answer questions about their income and plans for repayment by video, which monitors around 50 tiny facial expressions to determine whether they are telling the truth. The program, enabled by artificial intelligence (AI), helps identify customers who require further check.Instead of relying
131、 on rough estimates, cleverer and speedier AI-powered predictions promise to improve the efficiency in business. Leroy Merlin, a French home-improvement retailer (零售商)，now uses AI to take in past sales data and other information that could affect sales, such as weather forecasts, in order to stock s
132、helves more effectively. That has helped it reduce its inventory (存货总信) by 8% even as sales have risen by 2%.Until now AI has been beneficial mainly to the technology department. Most of todays leading tech firms, such as Google and Amazon in the West and Alibaba and Baidu in China, would not be as
133、big and successful without AI for product recommendations, targeted advertising and forecasting demand.The path ahead is exciting but dangerous. Around 85% of companies think AI will offer a competitive advantage, but only one in 20 is “extensively employing it today. One difficult issue for compani
134、es will be timing. Companies are struggling to figure out what to spend money on. If they invest huge sums in AI early on, they run the risk of overcommitting themselves or paying large amounts for worthless startups. But if they wait too long, they may leave themselves open to destruction from upst
135、arts, as well as from competitors.Some may have been misled by enthusiastic media reports, believing Al to be a magic stick that can be installed as easily as a piece of Microsoft software, says Gautam Schroff Tata Consultancy Services, an Indian firm.Bosses of non-tech companies in a broad range of
136、 industries are starting to worry that AI could affect or even destroy them, and have been buying up promising young tech firms to ensure they do not fall behind.A longer-term concern is the way AI creates a virtuous circle (良性循环) or“flywheel effect, allowing companies that embrace it to operate mor
137、e efficiently, produce more data, improve their services, attract more customers and offer lower prices. That sounds like a good thing, but it could also lead to more monopoly (垄断) power.Artificial Intelligence in businessThe_51_of AI in some businesses Al is employed by Ping An to find out_52_who a
138、re potential borrowers by monitoring around 50 tiny facial expressions. With cleverer and speedier AI-powered programs, a French home- improvement retailer makes his business more _53_based on past sales data and other information, such as weather forecasts. Leading tech firms, such as Google and Am
139、azon,_54_their success to AI, which helps them with product recommendations, targeted advertising and forecasting demand._55_ for only 5% of companies employing AI widely. It is quite difficult for companies to grasp the proper opportunity as they need to_56_the benefits against the risks. Misinform
140、ation leads many companies to believe that they can have easy _57_ to AI._58_non-tech companies hold towards AI Non-tech companies are afraid of the_59_AI poses to them. However, they view the purchase of promising young tech firms as a _60_of its leading position.ConclusionAI is to create a virtuou
141、s circle for companies as long as it deals with its monopoly problem.【答案】51. application / use 52. liars 53. efficient / effective 54. owe / attribute 55. Reasons 56. weigh 57. access 58. Attitude(s) 59. threat / danger 60. guarantee【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主语说明人工智能在一些企业中的应用、为何只有少数公司大范围地使用人工智能以及非科技公司对人工智能的
142、态度。最终得出结论，只要能解决垄断问题，人工智能将为企业创造一个良性循环。【51题详解】根据第一个空格右边表格内容“Al is employed by Ping An”（平安使用AI），“With cleverer and speedier AI-powered programs, a French home- improvement retailer makes his business more”（使用更智能、更快速的人工智能程序，法国家装零售商使他的生意更高效）和“Google and Amazon,AI, which helps them with product recommenda
143、tions, targeted advertising and forecasting demand.”（ 在产品推荐、有针对性的广告和预测需求方面，人工智能向Google and Amazon提供帮助。）可知，这三句主要讲人工智能在一些企业中的应用，第一个空应该填“应用”，因为放在“of AI”（AI的）前面，应该填名词，故填application / use。【52题详解】根据第一段“Lie detectors are not widely used in business, but Ping An, a Chinese insurance company, thinks it is a
144、great tool. The company lets customers apply for loans through its app. Potential borrowers answer questions about their income and plans for repayment by video, which monitors around 50 tiny facial expressions to determine whether they are telling the truth.”(测谎仪在商业中的应用并不广泛，但中国平安保险公司认为测谎仪是一个很好的工具。该
145、公司允许客户通过其应用程序申请贷款。潜在的借款人通过视频回答有关他们的收入和计划偿还的问题，视频监控约50个微小的面部表情，以确定借款人是否在说真话。)可知，平安使用AI对潜在借款人大约50个微小的面部表情进行监测，来查明他们是否是骗子。根据“find out”（查明）和空格后定语从句“who are potential borrowers”（潜在借款人），可知空格处填复数名词指骗子，故填liars。【53题详解】根据第二段中的“cleverer and speedier AI-powered predictions promise to improve the efficiency in b
146、usiness. Leroy Merlin, a French home-improvement retailer (零售商)，now uses AI to take in past sales data and other information that could affect sales, such as weather forecasts, in order to stock shelves more effectively.”（ 更聪明和更快速的人工智能驱动的预测有望提高业务效率。法国家装零售商Leroy Merlin现在利用人工智能收集过去的销售数据和其他可能影响销售的信息，比如
147、天气预报，以便更有效地管理库存。）可知，一家法国家装零售商利用更聪明、更快速的人工智能程序，根据过去的销售数据和天气预报等其他信息，让企业更有效率地经营下去，分析句子可知，空格前是使役动词“make sth+adj.”用法，空格处应该填形容词意为有效的，故填efficient / effective。【54题详解】根据第三段“Until now AI has been beneficial mainly to the technology department. Most of todays leading tech firms, such as Google and Amazon in th
148、e West and Alibaba and Baidu in China, would not be as big and successful without AI”(到目前为止，人工智能主要对技术部门有利。当今大多数领先的科技公司，比如西方的谷歌和亚马逊，如果没有人工智能，它们的规模和成功都不会这么大。)可知，谷歌和亚马逊等领先的科技公司的成功归功于人工智能，固定搭配“owe / attribute ones sth to sth”（把归功于）符合句意，主语是“Leading tech firms”是复数，因为说的是客观事实，谓语动词用原形，故填owe / attribute。【55题详
149、解】根据第五空格对应右栏中的“It is quite difficult for companies to grasp the proper opportunity”（ 公司很难抓住适当的机会。）和“Misinformation”（误报），可知，这两点是说明为何只有5%的公司大范围地使用人工智能，可推断，空格处指的是这两个原由，用名词复数，故填Reasons。【56题详解】根据第四段中的“One difficult issue for companies will be timing. Companies are struggling to figure out what to spend m
150、oney on If they invest huge sums in AI early on, they run the risk of overcommitting themselves or paying large amounts for worthless startups. But if they wait too long, they may leave themselves open to destruction from upstarts, as well as from competitors.”（ 对公司来说，一个棘手的问题是时机。如果他们早期在人工智能上投入大量资金，他
151、们就有过度承诺或为毫无价值的创业公司支付大笔资金的风险。但是，如果他们等得太久，他们可能会让自己暴露在暴发户和竞争对手的破坏之下。）可知，公司很难抓住适当的机会，因为他们需要权衡利益与风险，动词“weigh”（权衡）符合句意，主语指那些公司，说的是客观事实用一般现在时，故填weigh。【57题详解】根据第五段“Some may have been misled by enthusiastic media reports, believing Al to be a magic stick that can be installed as easily as a piece of Microsof
152、t software,”（ 有些人可能被媒体的热情报道所误导，认为AI是一个魔术棒，可以像微软软件一样很容易安装），可知，错误的信息让许多公司相信他们可以很容易地接触到人工智能，固定搭配“have access to sth”（接触某物），故填access。【58题详解】根据空格右边表格中“Non-tech companies are afraid of”（ 非科技公司害怕）和“However, they view the purchase of promising young tech firms as a _10_of its leading position.”（ 然而，他们认为收购有前
153、途的年轻科技公司是其领先地位的保证。），可知，这是非科技公司对人工智能的态度，“hold attitudes towards sth.”(对某事持有态度)，这里表达不止一个态度，用名词attitude（态度）复数，故填attitudes。【59题详解】考查名词。根据第六段中的“Bosses of non-tech companies in a broad range of industries are starting to worry that AI could affect or even destroy them”（各行各业的非科技公司老板们开始担心人工智能会影响甚至摧毁他们。），可推断
154、，非科技公司害怕人工智能对他们造成的威胁，固定搭配“pose threat to”（ 对构成威胁），threat这里是不可数名词意为威胁，故填threat。【60题详解】根据第六段中的“Bosseshave been buying up promising young tech firms to ensure they do not fall behind.”（老板他们一直在收购有前途的年轻科技公司，以确保它们不会落后。）可知，他们认为收购有前途的年轻科技公司是其领先地位的保证。空格在“of”（ 的）前面，可以判断空格处用名词，文中动词“ensure”（确保）和名词guarantee（保证）呼
155、应，空前已有不定冠词“a”，故填guarantee。【点睛】任务型阅读，找出这一空所依据的原文，对比原文和填空句子意思来确定要填词的意思和词性。例如第10小题，根据第六段中的“Bosseshave been buying up promising young tech firms to ensure they do not fall behind.”（老板他们一直在收购有前途的年轻科技公司，以确保它们不会落后。）可知，他们认为收购有前途的年轻科技公司是其领先地位的保证。空格在“of”（ 的）前面，可以判断空格处用名词，文中动词“ensure”（确保）和名词guarantee（保证）呼应，空前已
156、有不定冠词“a”，故填guarantee。第五部分书面表达(满分25分)61.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。The film Better Days is bringing attention to school bullying (欺凌). Its a topic that few Chinese movies have talked about before.The movie is adapted from the Web novel Young and Beautiful. It tells the story of a high school studen
157、t Chen Nian, who is bullied on campus and later gets caught up in a murder case. The movie, starring Zhou Dongyu and Jackson Yee, was a hit, bringing new attention to real-life bullying.Since last year, China has approved the detention(拘留) of 3,407 students for bullying and charged 5750, according t
158、o the data provided by the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) in May.However, it is not easy to solve this problem. As Chinese sociologist Li Yinbe wrote on Sina Weibo, the movie shows how complex social situations can be for teenagers. Schools, teachers, parents, police and the government must
159、 work together to end bullying.【写作内容】1.用约30词概括上文主要内容:2.用约120词发表你的观点，内容包括:(1)校园欺凌危害(至少两点) :(2) 你对改变这一现象的建议(至少两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称:3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【答案】A Chinese film Better Days has stirred heated discussions on campus bullying. While many bullying cases ha
160、ve been cleared up in China, joint efforts must be made to end it. (30 words)Theres no denying that campus bullying not only brings harm to society, but also has negative impacts on the victimized students. Itll lead to them suffering from abuse, even death, causing permanent damage to their self-es
161、teem. Meanwhile, it results in wrong values and beliefs of bullies and bystanders, which will reinforce violent behavior.The problem of campus bullying, if not properly dealt with, will create a vicious circle. Violence films should be banned from being broadcast on campus, thus avoiding possible ba
162、d influence on students. The public are to establish a cooperative and friendly working model, setting good examples to teenagers. As for students ourselves, wed better help more peers realize its damage. Lets take action together to stop bullying.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于读写任务作文。【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，读写任务作文。首先用约30词
163、概括文章主要内容，然后用约120词发表观点，内容包括:(1)校园欺凌的危害(至少两点) :(2) 你对改变这一现象的建议(至少两点)。时态应为一般现在时。第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：stir heated discussions（引起激烈的讨论），clear up（清理），joint efforts （共同努力），have negative impacts on（对有负面影响），victimized（受害的），lead to （导致），permanent damage（永久的损害），vicious circle（恶性循环），take action （采取行动）。第三步：仔细阅读
164、提供的文章抓住要点进行信息概况，根据提示或关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致、时态等问题。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的过渡和衔接，使文章读起来自然流畅。书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面整洁美观。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和语法。例1：stir heated discussions，clear up，joint efforts，have negative impacts on，victimized，lead to，permanent damage，vicious circle，take action。等；例2：Itll
165、 lead to them suffering from abuse, even death, causing permanent damage to their self-esteem.这一句用非谓语动词，“cause”和“It”（指代campus bullying）之间没有连词，是逻辑主谓关系，用doing形式。例3：Meanwhile, it results in wrong values and beliefs of bullies and bystanders, which will reinforce violent behavior.这句用了非限制性定语从句，which在从句中做主语，先行词是前面整句话。上述例子显示出作者很高的驾驭英语的能力。