1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（113）及答案阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 ABoys need friends，suffer when they dont believe they have any，and worry over the ups and downs of relationships.Many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do，in truth，thou
2、gh，no boy is an island；boys value their friends throughout childhood and adolescence and are happier and healthier when they have solid relationships with peers.Despite the common belief that girls are better at relationships，most boys consider their friends a very important part of their lives，and
3、boys may actually be better at keeping friendships than girls are.A recent study of 10to15yearold boys and girls found that girlsfriendships are actually more fragile.Girls tend to say and do hurtful things to each other more frequently than boys，and girls are more hurt by the end of a friendship.Bo
4、ys are the living definition of the phrase “peer group”；they love games with rules，competition，and doing things together.Boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate (空手道) class or on the basketball court.Competence and s
5、kill are widely respected；being picked last for a team or left out altogether is an experience that can haunt (萦绕心头) a boy for years.As boys mature，the friendship becomes even more important，and it frequently widens to include girls.During the teen years，friends can become the most important part of
6、 a boys lifeand a part in which his parents are not included.The confusion of being a teenager leads boys to form close bonds with friends.There is the sense for many boys that a friend is someone who is “always there for me”，someone he can trust.They may be partners in crime or partners in study，bu
7、t the friendship of adolescent boys can run surprisingly deep.26The common belief of adults is that boys _.Adont care about others as much as girlsBdont value friendships as much as girlsChave the same friendship as girls Dhave healthier friendship than girls27According to the passage，_.Aboys usuall
8、y build friendships by playing competitive games Bboys like to have small groups of friends Cboysfriendships seldom result in anyone being hurt Dboysfriendships can hardly end in failure28The author mentions the study in Para.2 to prove _.Agirls value relationships more than boysBmost boys consider
9、their friends very importantCboys may be better at keeping friendships than girlsDboys may be more active in a friendship29As a boy gets older，he tends to _.Awiden his circle of friends to include his parentsBshift his focus from his friends to himself Cleave his parents out of his friendsDbe confus
10、ed about what a friendship is 30Whats the best title of the passage?AFriendships Between Boys and GirlsBBoys and Their FriendshipCChildhood and Adolescent FriendshipDTips on Making Friends with Boys26B细节理解题。根据第一段“Many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do.”可知答案为B。27A推理判断题。
11、根据第三段“Boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate class or on the basketball court.”可推知答案为A。28C推理判断题。该研究显示“girlsfriendships are actually more fragile”，并解释了其原因，由此可推知男孩比女孩更注意对友谊的维护。29C细节理解题。根据最后一段“a part in which his paren
12、ts are not included”可知答案为C。30B主旨大意题。本文说明了男孩怎样重视友谊，并分析了男孩间的友谊，因此B为正确答案。C Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour befor
13、e a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers dont come at all. “That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning
14、, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid.“Whoever drinks it will die.”The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neighborhood. Women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it. There is
15、 no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litresless than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Am
16、ericans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that daytwo or three buckets worth. Shoba has a husband and five children,
17、 and that much water doesnt go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; its cheaper. Like the poo
18、rest people everywhere, the people of New Delhis slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.11 The underlined word “slum” most likely means _. A. a village B. a small townC. an area of a town with badly-bu
19、ilt, over-crowded buildings D. the part of a town that lacks water badly12. Sometimes the water tanker doesnt come because _. A. the weather is bad B. there is no electricity C. there is no water D. people dont want the dirty water13. A person needs at least _ litres of water a day. A. a hundred B.
20、four hundred C. forty D. fifty14. Which of the following statements is wrong? A. a hundred litres of water a day is enough for Shobas family B. Americans uses the largest amount of water each day C. in Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled water D. Shoba has a family of seven people15. The pa
21、ssage mainly tells us _. A. how women in Kesum Purbahari gets their water B. how much water a day a person deeds C. that India lacks water badly D. how India government manages to solve the problem of water【参考答案】1115、CBDACDSaturday, October 7th, was a marathon of sad tasks for Anna Politkovskaya. Tw
22、o weeks earlier, her father, a retired official in the department of foreign affairs, had died of a heart attack as he emerged from the Moscow Metro while on his way to visit Politkovskayas mother, Raisa Mazepa, in the hospital. She had just been diagnosed (诊断)with cancer and was too weak even to at
23、tend her husbands funeral. “Your father will forgive me, because he knows that I have always loved him,” she told Anna and her sister, Elena Kudimova, the day he was buried. A week later, she had an operation and since then Anna and Elena had been taking turns helping her deal with her grief.Politko
24、vskaya was supposed to spend the day at the hospital, but her twenty-six-year-old daughter, who was pregnant, had just moved into Politkovskayas apartment, on Lesnaya Street, while her own place was being prepared for the baby. “Anna had so much on her mind,” Elena Kudimova told me when we met in Lo
25、ndon, before Christmas. “And she was trying to finish her article.” Politkovskaya was a special reporter for the small newspaper Novaya Gazeta, and, like most of her work, the piece focused on the terror that can be seen all over the southern republic of Chechnya. This time, she had been trying to r
26、eport repeated cruel acts done by people faithful to the Prime Minister, Ramzan Kadyrov, who are in favour of Russia. In the past seven years, Politkovskaya had written dozens of accounts of life during wartime; many had been collected in her book “A Small Corner of Hell: reports from Chechnya.” Pol
27、itkovskaya was far more likely to spend time in a hospital than on a battlefield, and her writing bore frequent witness to robbery, and the uncontrolled cruelty of life in a place that few other Russiansand almost no other reporterscared to think about. 16. Politkovskayas father died of _.A. tiredne
28、ss B. a heart disease C. an attack D. an accident17. From the text we know that Raisa Mazepa _. A. didnt love her husband B. didnt attend her husbands funeralC. was having an operation the day her husband was buried D. was too sad to attend her husbands funeral18. The underlined word “emerged” most
29、likely means _. A. came out B. went into C. disappeared D. left for19. How many family members of Anna are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four C. Five D. Six20. Which of the following words can best describe Politkovskayas character? A. Curious B. easy-going C. careless D. responsible【参考答案】1
30、620、BBACD【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 BChildren start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them.Helping them enjoy science can be easy；theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only have to share your childrens curiosity.Firstly，listen to their ques
31、tions.I once visited a classroom of sevenyearolds to talk about science as a job.The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling，salary and whether I liked my job.When I finished answering，we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I said，“Now that were finished with your lists，do you h
32、ave questions of your own about science？”After a long pause，a boy raised his hand，“Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that，I get a stomachache.Why？”This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.Secondly，give them time to think.Studies over the past 30
33、 years have shown that，after asking a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer，no time for a child to think.When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more，children give more logical，complete and creative answers.Thirdly，watch your language.Once you have a
34、 child involved in a science discussion，dont jump in with “Thats right” or “Very good”These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.But in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead，keep things going by saying “Thats interesting” or “Id never tho
35、ught of it in that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas.Never push a child to “think”It doesnt make sense.Children are always thinking，without your telling them to.Whats more，this can turn a conversation into a performance.The child will try to find the answer you want，in as few wor
36、ds as possible，so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.Lastly，show；dont tell.Reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜)，and theyl
37、l understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发)，put a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.31According to the passage，children are natural scientists，and to raise their interest，the most important thing for adults to do is _.A
38、to let them see the world aroundBto share the childrens curiosityCto explain difficult phrases about scienceDto supply the children with lab equipment32In the last sentence of the first paragraph，the word “lists” could best be replaced by _.Aany questionsBany problemsCquestions from textbooksDany nu
39、mber of questions33According to the passage，children can answer questions in a more logical，complete and creative way if adults _.Aask them to answer quicklyBwait for one or two seconds after a questionCtell them to answer the next dayDwait at least for three seconds after a question34In which of th
40、e following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?AThe second and third.BThe fourth and fifth.CThe fifth and sixth.DThe seventh.35The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their childrens curiosity EXCEPT that
41、 adults should _.Atell their children stories instead of reciting factsBoffer their children chances to see things for themselvesCbe patient enough when their children answer questionsDencourage their children to ask questions of their own31B细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的“.share your childrens curiosity(好奇)”可推知
42、此题的答案为B项。32C推理判断题。根据文章第一段第六句“The children asked me textbook questions.”可推知此题的答案为C项。33D推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“When adults increase their wait time to three seconds or more，children give more logical(符合逻辑的)，complete and creative answers.”可推知此题的答案为D项。34C归纳概括题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。35A推理判断题。根据文章内容：从第四段排除C项；从文章前三段的内容排除D项；从第七段排除B项。从而可推知答案为A项。