1、专题一 阅读理解第4讲 词句猜测题 命题方式 1 技法点拨 2 跟踪训练 3 栏目索引 词句猜测题常见命题方式：1.The underlined word.in the.paragraph refers to/means“”.2.By saying.in the first paragraph，the author means that.3.The meaning of.in Paragraph.is related to.4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(Paragraph.)?5.The underlined sent
2、ence.in the.paragraph probably means that.6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”？命题方式 返回 1.单词或短语意义猜测 词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
3、技法点拨(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其
4、中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。(2016全国，C片段)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours tocarry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packsand thats how long they las
5、t.In all，from the time the stem cells areharvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in thepatient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.典题印证 29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?()A.providerB.delivery man C.collectorD
6、.medical doctor 解析 词义猜测题。根据本段第二句中的“I have done 89 trips”及“carry stem cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。解析 2.句意猜测题 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。(2015浙江，D片段)They didnt.
7、From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppythat first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow toaccept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule hervet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.Asshe looked up at the three new humans in
8、her life(small，medium，andlarge)，she calculated，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”典题印证 Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcanmind meld(心灵融合).Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes ofhers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understandwhich，strangely，I almos
9、t always did.In no time，she became my fifthappendage(附肢)，snoring on my home-office couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as Iwatched television.56.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“The mediumone is the sucker in the pack.”？()A.“The midd
10、leaged person loves me most.”B.“The mediumsized woman is the hostess.”C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”解析 解析 句意猜测题。根据前面的内容可知，在狗Misty眼里，small指女儿，medium指作者，large指丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中是友好而又值得信任的”。故选D
11、项。需要注意的是这句话是狗的心理活动。返回 跟踪训练 A Pakistani youth activist Malala Yousafzai was awarded the 2014Nobel Peace Prize on Friday，October 10.She is the youngest Nobelwinner in history.Malala shares the prize with Kailash Satyarthi，a60-year-old man from India who has helped lead a movement to endchild slavery a
12、round the world.Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12,1997 in Mingora，the SwatDistrict of northwest Pakistan to a Sunni Muslim family.When she wasjust 11 years old，she started blogging about the Taliban takeover of herhometown.Taliban members believe young girls should not go toschool.Classrooms thro
13、ughout the Swat district were closed for severalmonths.Malalaspokepubliclyaboutherdesiretogobacktoschool.“All I want is an education，”she told one televisionbroadcaster.When the Pakistani government regained control，Malala was ableto return to class.She continued to blog and speak out about girls ri
14、ghtto education.But on October 9,2012，the Taliban tried to silence her.Agunman boarded her school bus and shot her on the left side of herforehead.Malala survived，and showed great courage and optimismduring her long recovery.Then she became a symbol of the struggle forgirls rights all over the world
15、.Malalas mission for peace is unstoppable.Nine months after shewas shot，she gave a now-famous speech at the United Nations.“Theythought that the bullets would silence us.But they failed，”shesaid.“And then，out of that silence came thousands of voice.Weakness，fear and hopelessness died.Strength，power
16、and courage were born.”语篇解读 本文讲述的是巴基斯坦青年积极分子尤萨塞10月10日周五被授予2014诺贝尔和平奖，主要介绍了尤萨塞获得和平奖的原因和主要成就。解析 1.How old was Malala when she won the Nobel Peace Prize?()A.11 years old.B.14 years old.C.17 years old.D.60 years old.解析 数字计算题。根据第一段第一句可知，获奖的时间是2014年10月10日；根据第二段第一句可知尤萨塞生于1997年7月12日。由此可知尤萨塞获得诺贝尔和平奖时17岁。故选C项
17、。12345678解析 2.After classrooms throughout the Swat district were closed，Malala.A.started blogging about the event B.expressed her desire for education publicly C.made a nowfamous speech at the UN D.turned to famous television broadcasters for help 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Classrooms throughout the Swatdistr
18、ict were closed for several months.Malala spoke publicly about herdesire to go back to school.”可知，选B。12345678解析 3.What does the underlined part“silence her”in the third paragraphprobably mean?()A.Kill her.B.Make peace with her.C.Offer suggestions to her.D.Communicate with her in silent ways.解析 词义猜测题
19、。根据第三段中的“A gunman boarded her schoolbus and shot her on the left side of her forehead.”可知，选A。12345678解析 4.What does the passage mainly tell us?()A.Malalas peace mission.B.Malalas courage and optimism.C.Malalas fight with the Taliban.D.Malalas winning the Nobel Peace Prize.解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章的第一段可知这是
20、新闻报道，主要是报道了尤萨塞获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选D。12345678B A new genre(流派)of fiction has come out of rising sea levels.Climatefiction，or“cli-fi”，is a sub-genre of science fiction.It imagines a futurewhere man struggles against the extremes of a changing environment.Although it is still an unexplored field in the Chinese
21、literary circle，climate change literature is now a regular course in universities in the US，the UK and India，etc.A brief search of“climate fiction”returns more than 1,800 results，reflecting a growing demand for booksthat focus on environmental issues.According to The Atlantic，cli-fi stories seldom t
22、alk about“unrealtechnologies or faraway planets”，unlike traditional sci-fi.Cli-fi is a lotmore down to earth.It examines the effects of pollution，rising sea levels，and global warming on human civilization.Cli-fi has been made more attractive to younger generations thanks toits appearance in movies a
23、nd TV shows，Interstellar，Snowpiercer，MaddAddam，just to name a few.The term“cli-fi”，created by USwriter and climate activist Dan Bloom，seems to be helping“raise theawareness of global warming”.UK cli-fi writer Sarah Holding wrotethat the genre“connects young readers with their environment”.But not ev
24、eryone is convinced of clifis potential.George Marshall，founder of Climate Outreach Information Network，expressed concernthat cli-fi would strengthen what people already believe rather thanchange anyones mind.“The unconvinced will see these stories as proofthat this issue is a fiction，”he said.“The
25、already convinced will be stillconcerned，but the story lines may reduce the seriousness of the issue.”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，阐述了一种新的文学流派“气候变化小说”的兴起以及对其影响的不同看法。解析 5.What can be implied according to Paragraph 2?()A.Chinese writers are not concerned with the issue of climate change.B.Cli-fi has gained great pop
26、ularity so far.C.The course on climate change literature is the most welcome in unive-rsities.D.A focuses a lot on environmental issues.解析 推理判断题。根据第二段“climate change literature is now aregular course in universities in the US，the UK and India，etc.”及“agrowing demand for books that focus on environmen
27、tal issues”可知，答案为B。12345678解析 6.The phrase“down to earth”in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by“”.A.realisticB.original C.attractiveD.lively 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“cli-fi stories seldom talk aboutunreal technologies or faraway planets”及该段最后一句可知，cli-fistories很少谈论虚幻的技术和遥远的星球，而是调查现实存在的气候问题的影响，由此可猜测down to ea
28、rth与realistic“现实的，实在的”意思相近。故答案为A。12345678解析 推理判断题。根据上下文之间的关系可知，Sarah Holding的话是为了证明前句观点，即“The term cli-fi.seems to be helpingraise awareness about global warming.”，因此答案为C。7.Sarah Holdings words are mentioned to prove that.A.movies and TV shows work best in promoting difficult ideas B.younger readers
29、 pay more attention to climate change C.the term“cli-fi”is helpful in raising environmental awareness D.cli-fi is attractive to younger generations 12345678解析 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“The already convincedwill be still concerned”可知，答案为D。解析 8.Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?()A.Cli-fis potential is challenged by some people.B.George thinks cli-fi wont change anyones mind.C.Those who dont believe the stories think the issue is not true.D.Those who believe the stories wont care about the issue any more.返回 12345678