1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（46）及答阅读理解If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors. Everyone has different opinions about where is the best place to live in. Also, the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools. Finally, many schools specialize in
2、different areas of study. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院)，for example, is a great school for computer science and technology-related fields of study. However, if you want to study oceanography(海、洋学)，your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a co
3、astline or near the ocean.Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in.California is a nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in Southern California i
4、s another story though. Life in Los Angeles is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoy the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still q
5、uite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there.Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate sn
6、ow? Then you probably wont like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace and quiet? Then you probably should stay away from Americas large cities. Are you interested in government? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. T
7、he place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth.31.From the first paragraph we can conclude that in the USA _.A.all colleges and universities lie in big citiesB.all colleges and universities lie in beautiful placesC.famous
8、colleges and universities lie in nice placesD.famous colleges and universities may not lie in nice places【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由“the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools.”可知好大学不一定位于好的地方。故选D。32.What, according to the writer, should be considered first if you want to study in the US
9、A?A. The climate. B. The scenery. C. The study condition. D. The living condition.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第一，二段可知，作者认为想去美国学习首先应考虑学习环境。33.From the third paragraph we can find that _.A.California is the best place to live inB.California is the worst place to live inC.California is a state with different clima
10、tesD.California is a small state in the USA【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“Northern California specifically has very good weather. ”和“The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice.”可知加利福尼亚州有不同的气候。34.If you study in Middle America, you can probably _.A.find the best universitiesB.
11、 feel the real character of the nationC.meet the most famous professors thereD. face more difficulties【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values.”可知选B。35.From the last paragraph of this passage we can get to know that.A.Washington is the largest city in th
12、e USAB. Washington D.C. is the political centre of the USAC.you cant find sunshine in the MidwestD.you cant find any universities out of big cities in the USA【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Are you interested in government? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you.”华盛顿是美国的政治中心。故选B。Advice to “sleep on it” cou
13、ld be well founded, scientists say. After a good nights sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier, although no evidence has proved this by now. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights s
14、leep can improve insight(洞察力）and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquired memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories, restructures(重构）them, so that after sleep the insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr. Jan Bom, a neuroscientist, at the univer
15、sity. To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them put a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed t
16、o sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group. “Sleep helped,” Bom said in a telephone interview. “The important thing is that y
17、ou have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem.” But Bom admitted that he and his team dont know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works. Pierre Marquette and
18、Pierre Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestions that sleep can promote creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, t
19、hey added.36.The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in the first line probably means _.A.to put something aside to be solved until the next dayB.to get as much sleep as possibleC.to go on sleeping without being disturbedD.to sleep till you get up the next morning【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由“After a good nights sle
20、ep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier,”可知选A。37.Jan Bom and his team carried out the experiment through _A.comparisonB. interviewC. surveyD. imagination【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由“The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep a
21、fter the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group.”可知他们是通过比较来开展的实验。故选A。38.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.people should sleep so
22、 long as they have timeB.sleep is the only way to solve hard problemsC.people have various periods of sleepD.people know how sleep restructures memories【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由“But Bom admitted that he and his team dont know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep
23、it works.”可知人们有不同的睡眠阶段。故选C。39.What would be the best title for the passage?A.How Sleep WorksB. Sleep Helps Solve ProblemsC.No Evidence, But Well FoundedD. Boms Discovery On Sleep【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。40.Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A.A science fiction.B. A book review.C.An adver
24、tisement.D. A newspaper.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲的是科学家的一项新的发现，以及有关的实验。所以最可能出自报纸。故选D。专题*主旨大意一、题型特点与解题技巧这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。一、常见问题形式有：(1)The subject/topic of the article is (2)Which of the following best express
25、es the main idea of the passage?(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、应试技巧1.开门见山, 提出主题。开门见山, 提出主题，随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常 见的演绎法写作方式，分清main idea 和 supporting sentences。英语阅读理解中的许多文章都属于“观点论证型”和“现象解释型”的文章，而这两类文章常常采取的是“一般到具体”的篇章
26、结构模式。也就是说这类文章往往开宗明义，文章伊始就要摆明描述的主要对象或论述的主要观点。 An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn w
27、ere up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Whats the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is att
28、racting an increasing number of students C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. ( 2009 山东) 2首段的末句和二段首句对于阅读理解中的其他篇章结构模式，如“问题解决型”和“破旧立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主题句高发出现点，特别是当文章的首句后出现的转折性的陈述，而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时，那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现
29、的与首句相对立的结论。一般而言，作者常常藉用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，该类型的转折连词有：but，yet，however。转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常是文章中心主旨的关键所在。Relationships with family, friends, neighborsand even petswill all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(长寿)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. William Farrs s
30、tudy and other studies show that _. A. social life proves an effective cure for illness B. being sociable helps improve ones quality of life C. women benefit more than men from marriage D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity3归纳法先表述细节, 后以结论、建议或结果来概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。阅读时要分清细节和结论A human b
31、ody appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different thin
32、gs with his limbs. Mans games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the r
33、isks of damage and death that threaten him. Whats the topic sentence of this passage?_4无主题句 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分，同时注意高频词。 The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was a
34、way with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother. The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of fault. ., Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Mge became Mrs. Brooke,and .,., Amy was
35、 asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches. And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to. 来源:金太阳新课标资源网 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
36、 A. The March Family B. The March Parents C. The March Girls D. The March Relatives ( 2006 江苏)5.文章标题问标题的题也是一种主旨题，与主旨题的解题方法和技巧完全一样。二者的差别主要体现于选项的形式：主旨题的答案通常以一句话表示，而问标题的答案大多为一个名词词组。最重要的是，标题在内容上必须而且只能反映文章的中心大意。这就要求选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中，要善于识别本末倒置、主次不分、以点代面、以偏概全或者过度概括的干扰项。另外，标题在形式上要新
37、颖、醒目，能吸引读者注意力，能唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。 By day he is just a normal cat but when the lights go out, he glows in the dark. Scientists have genetically modified a cat as part of an experiment that could lead to treatments for diseases. Named Mr Green Genes, he looks like a six-month-old cat but, under ultraviolet
38、 light, his eyes, gums and tongue glow green. That is the result of a genetic experiment at. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. A Glowing Cat B. Mr. Green Genes C. One Cats Life D. An experiment of cats 6作者意图态度作者意图即写作目的与文章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以也可以算作主旨题的一种变体。二者的异同可以从下面的对比中看出：
39、文章主旨问中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，等于文章大意论述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意可以根据前面所述的方法找到。理解文章的语篇结构，了解作者的态度意图，文中的信息词至关重要。信息词包括关联词、副词、形容词，表示总结的介词短语、情态动词等。关联词可以揭示文章各段落，句子之间的内在关系，展示作者态度和意图。常见的此类关联词有however，but，on the contrary，although，while等表示转折，提示此信息于上文相反。还有表关联的副词：besides，moreover，furthermore，nevertheless等；解作者态度(attitu
40、de)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具体事物的态度。确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。It was pleasant to sit out on deck and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. This morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the ch
41、urch, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day,.,.,., Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. What does the author think of the tour? A. Tiring B. Expe
42、nsive C. Enjoyable D. Quick ( 2009宁夏)三、主旨大意题的干扰项（错误选项）有3种：1.概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2.概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。3.无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。Community theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They offer many different kinds of productions, such as
43、musical theatre, dance theatre and childrens theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different ftom the old “little theatres”，as most are simply run by colleges and their
44、theatre departments. Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community.In the 1880s, “little theatre” was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel f
45、ar or pay a lot. In 1910，this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped.Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”，as most s
46、imply want to infuse little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and other incidental expenses. Many also encourage th
47、e participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre pr
48、oduction, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.41.Why was “little theatre” started in Europe?A.To put on shows for children.B.To collect money for poor people.C.To entertain poor people.D.To get people interested in theatrical productions.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“little theatre”was
49、 started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot.”可知，是为了让穷人娱乐。故选C。42. From the passage we know that community theatres can _.A.help young people make more moneyB.prevent young people getting into troubleC.help young people enter the co
50、llegesD.encourage young people to become more responsible【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble.”可知社区剧院可以防止年轻人惹事。故选B。43.Which of the f
51、ollowing is TRUE about community theatre?A.It is usually funded by the government.B.It is intended to train professional actors.C.It benefits the community in many ways.D.It is quite different from the old “little theatres”.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。由“Many also encourage the participation of children and othe
52、r young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble.”可知社区剧院在许多方面给社区带来利益。故选C。44.Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the underlined word “infuse” in Para. 3?A. get rid ofB. fill withC.cut downD. full of【答案】B【解析】
53、词义猜测题。A。摆脱，除去；B。充入，装满；C.削减，砍倒，删节； D。装满。由上下文可知，它们想灌输一点文化到当地公民的生活中。45.We can infer from the last paragraph that _.A.some professional actors may come from the community theatresB.community theatres only charge for incidental expensesC.community theatres have lost their attraction todayD.people can live by acting in the community theatres【答案】A 【解析】判断推理题。由“for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.” 可知一些专业演员可能出自社区剧院。故选A。