1、2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练（8）及答案阅读理解-D(2013东北三省三校第二次联考，D)Deception (骗术) is something that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in military (军事的) strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.At Georgia
2、Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin, a professor at the School of Interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果). Squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by runn
3、ing to a false location.Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.The team also looked at how
4、other animalsin this case, a species of bird called Arabian babblerdrive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打) wings and making noises. The babb
5、lers dont ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isnt worth it.They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain sizeessentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the
6、 enemy that its best to back off. Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didnt have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It coul
7、d lead an enemy down a false trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用，一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。13Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels trick?AIt can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.BI
8、t can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.CIt can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.DIt can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“. they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.”可知，松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃掉，
9、会朝别的方向奔跑，由此可推知，C项正确。14Which of the following is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators?AOne bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it.BThey fight the enemy bravely face to face.CThey make noises and flaps around the predator.DThey force the predator aware that it isnt worthwhil
10、e to attack.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中Arabian babbler赶走predator的过程可知，B项不是Arabian babbler赶走掠夺者的方法。故B项正确。15What is the main idea of the passage?AAnimals behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.BRobots fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals behaviors.CBirds and squi
11、rrels are the animals that are good at deception.DResearchers are interested in animals militaryrelated behaviors.答案：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了松鼠和Arabian babbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程，研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这些行为，从而有效地运用于军事战略当中。故A项正确。阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。AThe day when the
12、 jobs were handed out was one of the most exciting moments for all the children in the class. It took place during the first week of the term. Every kid was given a job for which they would be responsible for the rest of that school year.Some jobs were more interesting than others, and the children
13、were eager to be given one of the best ones. When giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year. During the previous year Rita had carried out the teachers instructions perfectly. All the children knew Rita would be given the best job.
14、But there was a big surprise. Each child received a normal job. But Ritas job was very different. She was given a little box containing some sand and one ant. Though the teacher insisted that this ant was very special, Rita felt disappointed. Most of her classmates felt sorry for her. Even her fathe
15、r became very angry with the teacher and he encouraged Rita to pay no attention to this insignificant pet. However, Rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest.Rita started investigating all about her little ant and gave the ant the best f
16、ood, and it grew quite a bit bigger.One day, a man, who looked very important, came into their classroom and declared, “Your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rain forest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. Among all the schools of this reg
17、ion, your class has best cared for the little ant.”That day the school was filled with joy and celebration. Everyone thanked Rita for having been so patient and responsible. And many children learnt that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the
18、smallest tasks.26. What did the teacher base his decision on when giving out jobs to the children?A. Their characters and interests. B. Their class performance during the previous year.C. Their working performance during the previous year.D. Their ability of managing their accounts during the previo
19、us year.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据When giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year.在分发任务的时候，老师根据学生上一年的学习表现，故选C。27. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. Each child got an important job.B. Each child got an interesting job. C. The perfect
20、student got the job of everyones preferenceD. The most responsible student got the job of least interest.【答案】D【解析】句意理解题。根据因为上一年Rita 表现最好，大家都认为老师应该给她一个最好的工作，可是有一个令人吃惊的事情，所以与学生的想法相反她被给一个没有兴趣的工作，故选D。28.What is Ritas attitude to her fathers suggestion? A. Negative. B. Uncertain. C. Totally positive. D.
21、Acceptive.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据he encouraged Rita to pay no attention to this insignificant pet. However, Rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest.她父亲鼓励她不要照顾那个小动物，可是Rita却想做好这个没有趣的工作来表明自己的老师的错误决定，故选A。29. We can infer that the man who made th
22、e declaration is a _.A. hunter B. director C. biologist D. principal【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据Your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rain forest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. Among all the schools of this region, your class has best cared for
23、the little ant.”因为学生跟随他去森林研究动物，所以猜测可能是生物学家，故选C。30. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Never complain about life.B. Small tasks can lead to fortunes.C. Men are best known by their friends.D. Responsibility and intelligence bring good luck.【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。根据最后一句总结性的话And many children learn
24、t that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the smallest tasks. 可知小的工作带来好运气，故选B。阅读理解-E(2013南京市二模，D)While waiting to pick up a friend at an airport in Portland, Oregon, I had one of those lifechanging experiences that you hear other people talk a
25、boutthe kind that happens to you unexpectedly. To me, this happened and was only two feet away from me.Locating my friend among the passengers, I noticed a man coming toward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to greet his family.First he walked to his youngest son (maybe 6 years
26、 old) as he laid down his bags. They gave each other a long, loving hug. As they separated enough to look in each others face, I heard the father say，“Its so good to see you, son. I missed you so much！” His son smiled somewhat shyly, and replied softly，“Me, too, Dad！”Then the man stood up, gazed int
27、o the eyes of his oldest son (maybe 9 or 10) and while cupping his sons face in his hands said, “Youre already quite a young man. I love you very much, Zach！” They too hugged a most loving, tender hug.While this was happening, a baby girl (perhaps one or oneandahalfyear old) was squirming (扭动) excit
28、edly in her mothers arms, never once taking her little eyes off the wonderful sight of her returning father. The man said，“Hi, baby girl！” as he gently took the child from her mother. He quickly kissed her face all over and then held her close to his chest while rocking her from side to side. The li
29、ttle girl instantly relaxed and simply laid her head on his shoulder, motionless in pure contentment.After several moments, he handed his daughter to his oldest son and declared，“Ive saved the best for last！” and went to give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing. He gaze
30、d into her eyes for several seconds and then silently mouthed, “I love you so much！” They stared into each others eyes, beaming big smiles at one another, while holding both hands.For an instant they reminded me of newlyweds, but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldnt possibly be. I puzzl
31、ed about it for a moment then realized how totally attentive I was in the wonderful display of unconditional love not more than an arms length away from me. I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred, but was amazed to hear my own voice nervously ask，“Wow! How long have you
32、 two been married？”“Been together fourteen years total, married twelve of those.” he replied, without breaking his gaze from his lovely wifes face. “Well then, how long have you been away？” I asked. The man finally turned and looked at me, still beaming his joyous smile. “Two whole days！”Two days? I
33、 was stunned. I had assumed hed been gone for at least several weeksif not months. I know my expression betrayed me. “I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years！”The man suddenly stopped smiling.He looked me straight in the eye, and with forcefulness that burned right into my sou
34、l, he told me something that left me a different person, “Dont hope, friend. decide！” Then he flashed me his wonderful smile again, shook my hand and said，“God bless！”With that, he and his family turned and walked away together. I was still watching that exceptional man and his special family walk j
35、ust out of sight when my friend came up to me and asked, “Whatcha looking at？” Without hesitating, and with a curious sense of certainty, I replied，“My future！”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己在机场看到一家人在分别两天重逢后的亲密场景及男主人对作者所说的话，表达了这次事件对自己的震撼，并下定决心拿出更多的爱给自己的家人。16Which word could best describe the baby girl?AQuiet
36、. BInnocent. CNaughty. DSweet.答案：D推理判断题。根据第五段第一句和最后一句可知，这个小女孩非常的可爱，见到父亲时，她在母亲的怀里扭动，非常地兴奋，在父亲怀里的时候她把头放在父亲的肩膀上一动不动。故答案选D。17The writer suddenly felt uncomfortable because _.Ahe felt it impolite to stare at the familyBhe felt he withdrew from societyCthe family found him curious about themDhe didnt love
37、 his wife as much答案：A推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句中的“I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred”和文化常识可知，作者由于被这亲密的幸福情景所吸引，一直盯着他们看，距离很近(only two feet)，而这在西方是很不礼貌的行为，侵犯了他人的隐私。故答案选A。18What can we learn from the story?AThe family became the writers friends.BThe writer decided to look for a wi
38、fe.CThe writers family will get more love from him.DThe writer will tell his friend the story immediately they meet.答案：C推理判断题。根据倒数第四段最后一句“I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years！”及最后一段中作者看着那家人离开说“My future！”可推知，作者以后将会给予家人更多的关爱。故答案选C。19Which paragraph in this story best shows t
39、he love of the couple?AParagraph 4. BParagraph 5. CParagraph 6. DParagraph 7.答案：C细节理解题。通读全文可知，第三至五段描述的是对孩子的爱，第六段中“give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss.”展示的是夫妻之间的爱。故答案选C。20Why does the writer think his airport experience is lifechanging?ABecause he came across a most loving family.BBecause
40、 he realized the difference between “hope” and “decide”CBecause he thought it was really a unique experience.DBecause the family he met with had a strange power over him.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知，男主人所说的“Dont hope, friend. decide！”给了作者极大的震撼和鼓励，让作者明白了“希望”与“决定”之间的不同，决定今后给予家人更多的关爱。故答案选B。阅读理解-B I usually do
41、ubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, 1 was struck by a report which concluded th
42、at todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children between 9 and 17 have a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are Americas kids so stressed? The report cites two ma
43、in causes: increasing physical isolation (孤独) brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we cant turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation to cope. At the top of t
44、he list,nurturing (培育) is a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your famil
45、y will thank you later.They will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. Its not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expecta
46、tions for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable,but it doesnt have to ruin your life.31.W
47、hat does the author thinks of the conclusion that people in America are unhappier than 50 years ago?A. SurprisingB. ConfusingC. IllogicalD. Questionable【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据surprising令人吃惊的；confusing令人困惑的；illogical不合唱里的；questionable可疑的。I usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are eit
48、her happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.作者对于调查结果持怀疑的态度，故选D。32.What does the author mean by saying “ we cant turn the clock back(Para. 3)?A. Its impossible to slow down the pace of the change.B. The social reality children are facing cannot be change
49、d.C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D. Its impossible to forget the past.【答案】B【解析】句意理解题。根据adults can still do plenty to help the next generation to cope.孩子们面临的社会不能被改变，故选B。33. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children 50 years ago _.A. were less is
50、olated physicallyB. were probably less self-centeredC. probably suffered less from anxietyD. were considered less individualistic【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s今天的孩子比50年前的孩子压力大，故选C。34.What is the first and most important thing parents should
51、 do to help their children?A. To provide them with a safer environment.B. To lower their expectations for them.C. To get them more involved socially. D. To set a good model for them to follow.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.父母
52、应该让孩子多参加社会活动，故选C。35.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. Anxiety, though always unavoidable, can be coped with.B. Childrens anxiety has been enormously exaggerated(夸大).C. Childrens anxiety can be removed with more parental care.D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable,在父母的关怀下孩子们的焦虑是可以消除的，故选C。