1、1.非谓语动词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征，是近几年来高考考查的热点。2从2011年的考题来看，设题点已从非谓语动词作状语一枝独秀，开始向其他考点特别是非谓语动词作定语和宾补发展。而且试题的特征继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势。讲高频考点 提综合能力 练专题语法 1.动词ed形式作状语(1)动词ed形式作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。链高考2011天津Translated into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different
2、word order.被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。链高考2009江西Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed(驻扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)
3、，tired of(感到厌倦)等。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。2动词ed形式作定语动词ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。链高考2010新课标全国卷Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。链高考2010北京Im calling to enquire about the positio
4、n advertised in yesterdays China Daily.我打电话是想询问一下关于昨天在中国日报上所刊登招聘职位的情况。3动词ed形式作宾语补足语动词ed形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。链高考2011重庆Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边，目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。链高考2010上海Lucy has a great sense of humou
5、r and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.Lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。4动词ed形式作表语动词ed形式作表语是大多数已形容词化的过去分词，如：seated,disappointed,stuck,excited等。链高考2010福建In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。链高考2009四川)Ladies and ge
6、ntlemen,please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.先生们、女士们，请坐着直到飞机完全停下来为止。1Tsinghua University,_in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011福建高考)Afound BfoundingCfounded Dto be founded解析：考查非谓语动词。found 与 Tsinghua University 之间存在着动宾关系，所以用其过去分词形式，表示被动意义。此处用 found
7、ed,相当于 which was founded。答案：C2Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.(2011浙江高考)Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost解析：考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词作themselves的宾语补足语。语意表示“甚至最好的作家有时候也会表达不出来”，所以答案选B项。答案：B3_an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.(2011四川高考)AOffer B
8、OfferingCOffered DTo offer解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。答案：C4The rare fish,_ from the cooking pot,has been returned to the sea.(2011上海高考)Asaved BsavingCto be saved Dhaving saved解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：那条罕见的鱼已被放回到海中，它是被从烧锅里救出来的。fish和选项中非谓语动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故排除B和D两项；A项过去分词表被动和完成；C项不定式表将来的动作，
9、由语境可知A为正确答案。答案：A5The question was so difficult to answer,and the students looked _.(2011福州质量检测)Apuzzling BpuzzledCto puzzle Dbe puzzling解析：句意：这个问题很难回答，学生们看起来都很迷惑。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构，表示一种状态，主语常是人。而现在分词puzzling作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等，主语一般是物；不定式作表语表示将来的具体内容。答案：B1.动词ing形式作状语(1)动词的ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另
10、一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。链高考2011陕西More highways have been built in China,making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。链高考2010江西The lady walked around the shops,keeping an eye out for bargains.那位女士逛商店，留意着廉价商品。链高考2010重庆T
11、he news shocked the public,leading to great concern about students safety at school.这个消息使公众非常吃惊，导致了对在校学生安全问题的极大关注。(2)动词ing形式有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动
12、的动作。链高考2009四川Having been told many times,he finally understood it.被告诉了许多次，他终于明白了。The old man,having worked abroad for twenty years,came back to his motherland.在国外工作了二十年后，这位老人回到了祖国。Not having fully recovered from the operation,the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.手术后还没有完全
13、康复，这位病人被建议再住院两周。2动词ing形式作定语动词ing形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。链高考2010浙江The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.交通规则上写明四岁以下的孩子和体重在四十磅以下的孩子必须在孩子安全座上。Im afraid well have to work extra hours,for there are stil
14、l some problems remaining to be settled.恐怕我们要加班几小时，因为仍有许多问题要解决。3动词ing形式作宾语补足语动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词ing形式作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。链高考2010湖南Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼救吗？Jenny found a wallet lying o
15、n the ground.詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。4动词ing形式作宾语(1)常接动词ing作宾语的动词(短语)advise(建议)，admit(承认)，appreciate(感激)，avoid(避免)，cant help(禁不住)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，enjoy(欣赏)，escape(逃脱)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，keep(on)(继续)，mind(介意)，practice(练习)，suggest(建议)，miss(错过)，feel like(意欲)，devote.to(把献给)，get used to(习惯于)，look forward t
16、o(期望)，object to(反对)，set about(开始)，put off(推迟)等。链高考2010上海I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议。(2)可用动词-ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别
17、明显的动词forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事未做doing sth.忘记做过某事已做regretto do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做tryto do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事go onto do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事rememberto do sth.记着去做某事未做doing sth.记着做了某事已做mean to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事链高考2009陕西I still remember being taken to the Famen
18、 Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。(3)动词want，need，require意为“需要”时，后面跟动词ing主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.这些花需要浇水。(4)在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动词ing作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。We dont allow s
19、moking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。We dont allow anyone to smoke here.我们不允许有人在这里吸烟。5动词ing形式作主语动词ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。(1)一般形式Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。(2)通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。1Sit do
20、wn,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,_on your feet.(2011北京高考)Ato keep BkeepingChaving kept Dto have kept解析：考查非谓语动词。keeping on your feet 表示“站立”，在句中说明使你疲劳的原因。答案：B2The next thing he saw was smoke_from behind the house.(2011全国卷)Arose BrisingCto rise Drisen解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他看到房子的后面冒烟了。smoke与ris
21、e之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，故用rise的现在分词形式作后置定语。答案：B3Recently a survey_prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.(2011江苏高考)Acompared BcomparingCcompares Dbeing compared解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一项对两家超市的同样商品的价格进行比较的调查在市民中引起了激烈的争论。survey与compare在逻辑上存在主动关系，因此使用comparing。co
22、mparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets 在句中作后置定语，修饰survey。答案：B4Lydia doesnt feel like_abroad.Her parents are old.(2011四川高考)Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study解析：考查非谓语动词。feel like sth./doing sth.想要某物/想要做某事。句意：Lydia 不想出国学习，她的父母都上年纪了。答案：B5Its no use _ without taking any action.(20
23、11上海高考)Acomplain BcomplainingCbeing complained Dto be complained解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。Its no use doing.是固定句式，所以B为正确答案。答案：B6When I caught him _ to cheat me,I phoned my lawyer Mr.Black.(2011太原市部分重点中学联考)Atry Bto tryCtrying Dto have tried解析：句意：当我发现他企图欺骗我时，我给我的律师布莱克先生打了电话。catch sb.doing sth.为固定结构
24、，意为“看见/逮住某人在做某事”。动词ing形式在其中作宾补。答案：C1.不定式作状语(1)不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了，想要”。链高考2011重庆More TV programs,according to government officials,will be produced to raise peoples concern over food safety.根据政府官员的说法，将创作更多的电视节目以提高人们对食品安全的关注。链高考2009辽宁To be a winner，you need to give all you have
25、 and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。(2)不定式用于：so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to；only to等结构中往往用来作结果状语。He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。注意 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。链高考2010天津It rained heavil
26、y in the south,causing serious flooding in several provinces.南方雨下的很大，导致几个省发生洪灾。(3)不定式与形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。链高考2010辽宁We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.看到寺院仍处于原始的状态，我们感到非常震惊。(4)在bea
27、dj.(pleasant,nice,comfortable,hard，easy等)todo sth.结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。链高考2010四川In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant to deal with.在许多人看来，那个公司虽然相对来说较小，但与之打交道令人愉快。2不定式作定语动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。链高考2010重庆Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one to be repaired fir
28、st is the library.城市的许多建筑需要修理，但是首先需要修理的是图书馆。链高考2009山东We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。1Its important for the figures_regularly.(2011北京高考)Ato be updated Bto have been updatedCto update Dto have updated解析：考查非谓语动词。句中的时间状语regularly 表示经常发生，因此排除B、D两项；又因为f
29、igures 是被更新的，故选A项。答案：A2Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.(2011安徽高考)Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。beeasy/difficult.后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案为D项。答案：D3The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2
30、011湖南高考)Aexpressing Bexpressed Cto express Dto be expressed 解析：考查非谓语动词。ability 后常接不定式一般式的主动形式作定语，意为“做的能力”。句意：表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。答案：C4Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing.but we seem _ the art of communicating facetoface.(2011上海高考)Alosing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost解析：考查非谓语动词作表语。句
31、意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可发电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。seem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating facetoface作其宾语，所以排除C项(被动形式)，故选B。答案：B5The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_.(2011福建高考)Aheld BholdingCbe held Dto hold解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：厚度和
32、重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。hold 与the iPad 2 之间是动宾关系，且有性质形容词comfortable，所以用动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。答案：D6With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.(2010全国卷)Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。此处拿出钱来是为了买礼物，表目的，故选B。句意：父亲节马上就要到了，我从银行里取出了一些钱给爸爸买礼物。
33、答案：Bhave，get表示“使、让、叫”，后接三种形式作宾补。1have sth.doneget sth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)Every year,Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday.每年，汤姆记着在母亲生日那天给她寄些花。Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在度假期间，史密斯先生家的房子被人破门而入。2.have sb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事v.
34、-ing形式表主动，正在进行get sb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来He had us laughing all through the meal.整个一顿饭他让我们笑个不停。注意 have sb.doing 用于否定句时，其中 have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。3.have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐
35、。注意 have sth.to do 有事情要做，此结构中，不定式是作定语。Im sorry,I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.对不起，我不能与你一起外出，我有一件紧急的事情要处理。1Claire had her luggage _an hour before her plane left.(2011陕西高考)Acheck Bchecking Cto check Dchecked 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire 对行李进行了安检。check 与 luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去
36、分词形式表示被动，构成“have 宾语过去分词”结构，表示“找人做”或“使被”。答案：D2Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.(2010辽宁高考)Ato recognize BrecognizingCrecognize Drecognized解析：考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“get sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。句意：Alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。his work与recognize为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。答案：D3Do you have anything _ for this weekend?It depends on the weather.Well go camping if its fine.(2011河南省洛阳市检测)Aplanned BplanningCto be planning Dplan解析：考查非谓语动词。anything与plan之间为被动关系，所以要用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语。答案：A