1、专题限时检测(十五)阅读理解之科普类(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2014合肥第三次教学质量检测)Scientists in UK have grown a living human “brain”. The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinsons disease. Professor Mich
2、ael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained，“We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works.” The experiment invo
3、lves changing cells from a cancer tumour(肿瘤) and making them behave like brain cells.Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the
4、 brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said，“It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆)”The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT)
5、. The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，“We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain
6、 better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research.”1UK scientists grow a living human “brain” in order to _.Astudy the structure of human brainBmake use of living human cell syste
7、mCdiscover how human brain really worksDseparate cells from a cancer tumour2According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells _.Awill get finished as early as possibleBwill make people discover dementiaCwill affect the brain growth in many waysDwill help to treat some diseases in nerve system3From t
8、he last paragraph, we can know that _.Athe technique provided by HRT is immatureBanimal tests are no longer allowed by lawCa million people suffer from brain diseasesDthe research program lacks financial support4The text is intended to _.Atell us about a breakthrough in medical researchBintroduce a
9、research program in humans brainCintroduce the progress of drugs for dementiaDtell us about health problem in nerve systemB(2014天门高三质检)Hightech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells, which glow blue when viewed through the
10、 eyewear. Cancer cells are notoriously difficult to see, even under highpowered magnification. The glasses are designed to make it easier for surgeons to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells, helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery.“Were in the early stages of thi
11、s technology, and more development and testing will be done, but were certainly encouraged by the potential benefits to patients，” said breast surgeon Julie Margenthaler, MD, an associate professor of surgery at Washington University. “Imagine what it would mean if these glasses got rid of the need
12、for followup surgery and the associated pain, inconvenience and anxiety.”Current standard of care requires surgeons to remove the tumor and some neighboring tissue that may or may not include cancer cells. The samples are sent to a pathology(病理) lab and viewed under a microscope. If cancer cells are
13、 found in neighboring tissue, a second surgery is often recommended to remove additional tissue that is also checked for the presence of cancer.The glasses could reduce the need for additional surgical procedures and following stress on patients, as well as time and expense.Margenthaler said about 2
14、0 to 25 percent of breast cancer patients who have lumps removed require a second surgery because current technology doesnt adequately show the extent of the disease during the first operation.“Our hope is that this new technology will reduce or ideally eliminate the need for a second surgery，” she
15、said.In a study published in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, researchers noted that tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter (the thickness of about 10 sheets of paper) could be detected.Ryan Fields, MD, a Washington University assistant professor of surgery and surgeon of Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Cente
16、r, plans to wear the glasses later this month when he operates to remove a melanoma from a patient. He said he welcomes the new technology, which theoretically could be used to visualize any type or cancer.“A limitation of surgery is that its not always clear to the naked eye the distinction between
17、 normal tissue and cancerous tissue，” Fields said.“With the glasses developed by Samuel Achilefu, PhD, professor of Washington University, we can better identify the tissue that must be removed.”5The ultimate goal of developing the new technology is _.Ato distinguish cancer cells from healthy onesBt
18、o inspire hope for life in cancer patientsCto make sure no cancer cell is left behindDto reduce the risk of cancer surgery6The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.Ameet BremoveCfeel Dresist7What can be inferred from the passage?AThe glasses are developed by Ryan Fie
19、lds and Samuel Achilefu.BThe glasses glow blue when finding tissues including cancer cells.CTumors as small as 1 cm in diameter could be detected by the glasses.DMuch remains to be done before the technology can be widely used.8Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?ASpecial
20、glasses help surgeons“see” cancerBA new technology has been used in surgeryCPatients will benefit from a new technologyDCancer is no longer a threat to peopleC(2014南京师大附中高三模拟)Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season.“Seventysix percent of consumers
21、 who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.”Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association.He says the groups latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending mo
22、re on technology products.“Here in 2012，$252 on average the technology spend for consumers this year.”From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market.There are more choices today than ever before.“Its kind of
23、hard to make a decision.”Tablet computers are one of the bestselling products this year.Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com.The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products.He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets.Its starting price is $329.One o
24、f Apples biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7.It starts at $199.“The hardware inside is more powerful than whats in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apples maps.”Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than
25、the Nexus 7.“If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you dont really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps thats where the iPad and Apples ecosystem shines the most.”Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this seas
26、on is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. “You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.”
27、Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and ta
28、blets.With the growing popularity of Internet shopping，many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product，and then go online to find it at a lower price.Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive.“We have something called the perfect match promise which means if
29、 you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days well go ahead and price match that for you.”Elman Chacon said.9According to Brain Tong，_.Athe Apples iPad Mini is more suitable for enthusiastic readersBthe hardware in iPad Mini is more advanced than that in Nexus 7 CNexus 7 has fewer
30、 apps than iPad MiniDiPad Mini is more ecofriendly10If youve discovered that a certain device you bought at Best Buy is more expensive than one at another store，_. Ayou are sure to get double the amount you paidByou can return the device and get your money backCthe store will return the price differ
31、encesDthe store will lower the price within 30 days11Which of the following would be the best gift for a cab driver?ASmart cameras.BStreaming media boxes.CWireless speaker systems. DTablet computers.答 案语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾病。1选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We
32、are . the brain works.”可知，他们希望通过这样的研究试验来理解人脑是如何工作的。故选C。2选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“It is still . dementia(痴呆)”可知，现在研究尚处于初期，但将来可能会成为研究痴呆疾病的有效手段。故选D。3选D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, the biggest . our research.” 可知，现在研究最大的问题是缺少资金。故选D。 4选B写作意图题。本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾
33、病。故选B。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国的学者发明了一种可视眼镜，能够清楚地“看见”癌细胞，而且这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下任何癌细胞，避免患者再次做手术。5选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery”可知，这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下癌细胞，这就是发展这种新技术的最终目标。故选C。6选B词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Margenthaler said.have lumps removed require a second surgery” 可知，2
34、0%至25%的乳腺癌患者接受首次手术切除肿瘤后，还需再次手术，由此结合选项可推知，此处指希望这项新技术能够减少甚至完全消除再次手术的必要性，因此画线词的词义与 remove 最为接近。故选B。7选D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Were in the early stages of this technology，and more development and testing will be done”可知，这一技术尚未得到广泛利用，因此它处于研究初期，需要进行更多的改进和测试工作，因此D项符合题意。故选D。8选A标题概括题。根据第一段第一句中的“Hightech glasses dev
35、eloped at Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells”并结合下文内容可知，文章介绍的是一种特别的眼镜，它可以帮助外科医生“看见”癌细胞，因此“Special glasses help surgeonsseecancer”最适合作为最佳标题。故选A。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种电子产品以供人们送礼物时选择，包括苹果手机、无线扬声器、平板电脑、智能相机和多媒体音箱等。9选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Brain Tong 认
36、为 Nexus 7 的应用程序没有 iPad Mini 多。故C项正确。10选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“.if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days well go ahead and price match that for you.”可知，如果你在三十天内在 Best Buy 上所购的商品价格过高，则 Best Buy 可以退还差价。故C项正确。11选C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第三句“Another popular item is wireless speaker systems.”并结合出租车司机的工作特点可知，无线扬声器最适合作为出租车司机的礼物。故C项正确。
