1、 话题素材克隆技术好词1drawback n. 缺点；不利条件2experiment n. 实验3explore vt. 探索4ban n& vt. 禁止5argument n. 争论6hot topic 热点话题7heated discussion 热烈的讨论8be worth considering 值得考虑9in terms of 从角度10object to/be against 反对11agree/be for 同意/支持12a sound attitude 正确的态度13turn out 结果是14contribute to solving the problem of 有助于问题
2、的解决15test out the theory by experiment 用实验检验理论佳句1Todays technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true.如今的科技发展得如此快以致于许多不可能的事情都成为了现实。2In my own opinion, I agree_to clone the endangered animal and disagree_with cloning human.以我的观点，我同意克隆濒危动物、不同意克隆人类。3I think that we should use t
3、he clone to make_our_life_better_off.我想我们应该用克隆物使我们的生活变得更美好。 精美语篇Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is a difficult task to undertake. From time to time people suggest that extinct animals should be brought back
4、to life through cloning. Last Friday, we had a discussion about whether we should clone animals.Some are in favour of it. Large quantities of commercial food can be produced. Besides, the extinct animals can be cloned, if their DNA is still in good condition. It can also be used to cure serious illn
5、esses.Others have a strong objection to it. They believe that cloned animals cant resist some diseases and tend to die earlier. Dolly lived six and a half years altogether, half of the length of the life of the original sheep. Above all, it is bound to disturb the balance of nature. 高频单词1differ (vi.
6、) 不同；相异difference (n.) 不同；差异different (adj.) 不同的2exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的exactly (adv.) 精确地；准确地3undertake (vt.) 着手；从事；承担undertook (过去式)undertaken (过去分词)4regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规regular (adj.) 规则的；有规律的5cast (vt.) 扔；投；掷cast (过去式)cast (过去分词)6altogether (adv.) 总共；完全地7object (vi.) 反对；不赞成objection (n.) 不赞成；反对
7、；异议8moral (adj.) 道德(上)的，伦理的morally (adv.) 道德上地，伦理上地9accumulate (vt.) 积累，聚积accumulation (n.) 积累，聚积10assumption (n.) 假定；设想assume (v.) 以为；设想11shortly (adv.) 立刻；不久12retire (vi.) 退休；离开retirement (n.) 退休，退职；退役retired (adj.) 退休的；离职的13bother (vt.) 打扰(vi.) 操心 (n.) 烦扰14resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗resistance (n.) 抵抗力；反抗
8、resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的；耐的15obtain (vt.) 获得；赢得obtainable (adj.) 可获得的；可得到的16reason (n.) 理由；原因reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的unreasonable (adj.) 不合情理的17fair (adj.) 公平的；中等的，尚可的fairness (n.) 公平fairly (adv.) 公平地；相当地 重点短语1pay_off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2cast_down 沮丧；不愉快3have_a_great_impact_on 对有重大影响4object_to 反对5in_f
9、avor_of 赞成；支持6owe._to_ 把归功于7be_bound_to_do 一定或注定(做)8strike.into_ones_heart 使刻骨铭心9from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔10bring.back_to_life 使复生；使复活11in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机12in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)13forbid_sb._to_do_sth. 禁止某人做某事 热点句型1while 表“对比”关系，“然而，可是”Cloning plants is straightforward while(然而) cloning
10、 animals is very complicated.(教材P11)克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就很复杂了。2当时间副词now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等表示“出现”一类的动词时，主句用完全倒装语序。that 引导同位语从句Then_came(传来) the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. (教材P11)接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。3The advantage is that.“其优点是”；that引导表语从句The_advantage_is_that(优点是) if there is a new
11、illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(教材P15)其优点是如果有一种新的疾病使得这些动物中的一部分死掉，但是余下的将会存活下来并且将抵制这种疾病的能力传递给下一代。4based on.“建立在的基础之上”，过去分词做状语Based_on(建立在基础之上) what we know now, you can not clone animals that have bee
12、n extinct longer than 10,000 years.(教材P15) 教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1The fact is _ these are both examples of natural clones.答案：that表语从句中不缺少句子成分，句意完整，故填that，在句中不作成分，但也不能省略。2It is a way of _ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.答案：makinga way of doing sth.“做某事的方法”。3But at last the
13、determination and patience of the scientists paid _ in 1996 with a breakthrough.答案：offpay off“获得成功”。4The fact _ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.答案：that该句为同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。从句中不缺句子成分，故填that。5Cloning scientists were cast _ to find _ Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much
14、older animal.答案：down; thatcast down“沮丧”，为固定短语；第二空为宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，只需连词，故填that。6Newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves _ (attain) their ambitions.答案：to attain不定式作目的状语。7Dollys death, like her birth, was bound _ (raise) worries.答案：to raisebe bound to do“一定或注定(做)”。8All efforts of cl
15、oning an animal will be _ vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.答案：inin vain“白费力气”。9Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes _ (arrange) in different ways.答案：arrangedgenes与arrange为被动关系，故应填过去分词arranged。10The initial requirment is _ you need perfect
16、 DNA.答案：that系动词后为表语从句，句子中不缺成分且句意完整，故填that。1undertakevt.着手；从事；承担；保证；答应It is a difficult task to undertake.(P11)它是一项很难完成的任务。 2015课标全国卷Miranda has_undertaken a review of all of them.Miranda已对它们进行了回顾。Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.大多数学校都承担了为团体或个人提供教育支持的项目。I ca
17、n undertake that youll enjoy the trip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。2objectionn不赞成；反对；异议On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(P12)另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。 (1)raise an objection to sth. 对某事提出异议make/take/have an obj
18、ection to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)object n. 物体；目标vi. 反对；不赞成object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object that. 反对(3)objective adj.真实的；客观的，无偏见的朗文词典His father raised_no_objections when John told him that he wanted to become a dancer.约翰告诉父亲他想当舞蹈演员，父亲没有反对。2015安徽高考First of all, it is now easi
19、er to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.首先，更换一个东西比花费时间和金钱去修理它更容易。Most students object_to charging for parking.大多数学生反对停车收费。3forbidvt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.(P12)有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的
20、研究。 2014重庆高考In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is forbidden,_especially if youre a woman.在一些中东国家，暴露皮肤是被禁止的，尤其是女性。朗文词典He was_forbidden_to_leave the house.他被禁止离开家。The new law forbids_smoking in offices.这项新法律禁止办公场所吸烟。4owevt.欠(钱、账、人情等)；归功于；应感谢You owe the lady an apology.(P13)你必须向这位女士道
21、歉。 (1)owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物owe.to. 把归功于；应感激owe it to sb. that 多亏某人(2)owing adj. 欠着的；未付的owing tobecause ofon account ofdue to 因为；由于2015北京高考I think maybe we owe_you_an_apology.我认为我们应向你道歉。牛津词典She still owes 3,000 to her father.她还欠她父亲3000英镑。Owing_to the rain, the match was cancelled.由于大雨，比赛
22、被取消了。5strikevt.(struck, struck)撞击；敲；打中；忽然想起；给人深刻印象；侵袭；罢工n罢工.proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.(P15)证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。 (1)strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心be struck by/with 被击中/打动/感动It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想起sth. strikes/hits/occurs to sb. 某人突
23、然想起(2)go on strike 罢工2014山东高考One day, Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade.一天，Ashley的妻子试图用铁锹打Mumbet的妹妹。2013重庆高考What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.电影里最感动我的是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。过关演练单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1My main _ (object) to the plan is that
24、it costs too much.答案：objection句意：我不赞成这项计划主要是花费太多。由句意及my一词可知应填名词形式objection。22015课标全国卷It _ (strike) me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.答案：struckIt strikes/struck sb. that.“某人突然想起”。32013江西高考The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undert
25、ake _ (direct) the distribution of aid.答案：to direct句意：联合国组织承担指导救助品的分配。undertake to do sth.“承担/保证做某事”。42013天津高考Please note that food and fruit _ (forbid) in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.答案：are forbidden句意：请注意食物和水果在图书馆中是禁止的，但是随身携带饮料和糖果是被允许的。由句意可知应用被动语态。52014课标全国卷
26、Over the years, I have come to realise how much of my success I owe _ my acceptance of those words as my values.答案：to句意：经过这些年，我意识到我的成功很大程度上归功于我把那些话作为我的价值观。owe.to.“把归功于；应感激”。6Although theyre twins, they _ (difference) greatly in their tastes.答案：differ本句中缺少谓语动词，故应填differ。72014辽宁高考Although weve been de
27、lighted to have you as neighbours, were hoping to settle something that _ (bother) us.答案：bothers对应主语为something，且结合were知用一般现在时。8She is overweight, but she cant _ (resistance) eating more delicious food.答案：resistresist动词“抵抗，抵制”，且情态动词后应用动词原形，故填resist。9Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word,
28、or you _ (obtain) full marks in this exam.答案：will obtain该句为“祈使句and/or陈述句”句式，且该陈述句中常用will动词原形，故应填will obtain。10Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected _ being called a hero.答案：toobject to doing.“反对做”。1pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清But at last the determination
29、and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.(P11)但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终在1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。 pay sth. off 全部偿还；偿清(债务)pay for sth. 付钱(买)；支付；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb. for sth. 付钱给某人买pay back 还钱；偿还；报复2015福建高考Hard work pays_off.努力工作获得了回报。2013山东高考These efforts paid
30、_off,_and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.努力没有白费，Sparrow成为它经营地区最成功的连锁快餐店之一。Right, Ill pay_for the food and you pay for the drinks.好吧，我付饭菜钱，你付酒水费。2in good/poor condition 状况好/坏；情况良好/坏The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is s
31、till in good condition. (P17)渡渡鸟是近期才灭绝的动物，因此它的DNA保存完好。(1)out_of condition 健康状况欠佳working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境on condition (that). 在条件下；条件是；倘若；只要on no condition 决不(位于句首时需部分倒装)(2)conditional adj. 含有条件的；依赖某事物的2014安徽高考In fact, its many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or bunin
32、esses that improve social_conditions.事实上，创立能改善社会地位的项目或企业是许多年轻人的抱负。2013天津高考In the teenage years, the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it is conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity.到了青少年时期，幸福观发生了改变，取决于诸如激情、爱和受欢迎等条件。Teenagers can surf the Internet through mobile phones on_co
33、ndition_that they can make good use of it.只要青少年学生能够很好的利用，那么他们就可以使用手机上网。过关演练选词填空in favour of； cast down； be bound to； bring.back to life； in vain； from time to time； in good condition； pay off 12014课标全国卷Finally that hard work _ and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever.答案：paid off2All the d
34、octors did was _， and the patient died after three days treatment.答案：in vain3I still see her _ though we live far from each other.答案：from time to time4I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays _.答案：in good condition5He seemed quite _ when he knew the result.答案：cast down6Were all _ equal pay
35、 for equal work.答案：in favour of7Youve done so much work and you _ pass the exam.答案：are bound to8He happened to be saved by a kind man and was _ again.答案：brought back to life1The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability
36、 to resist that disease to the next generation.(P15)其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。 语境助记2014辽宁高考The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.好消息是上百万的儿童现在可以每年进行眼睛检测并且跟着后续治疗，包括眼镜在内。2014安徽高考A final point
37、to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer to a great variety of music.需牢记的最后一点是，术语“古典乐”被用来指各种各样的音乐。The_advantage_is_that we have a good command of English.优势是我们很好地掌握了英语。2Based_on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(P15
38、)就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些灭绝了一万年以上的动物。based on是过去分词短语作状语。类似短语还有worried/concerned about对感到担忧；satisfied with对感到满意；surrounded by被包围；faced with面对；compared with与比较语境助记2014北京高考His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based_on input but had no effect on output.他的主要发现是，激励建立在输入基础上时会增加成就，而建立在输出基
39、础上则不起作用。2013上海高考The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really worried.法官一点也没有给出关于他们想法的提示，因此我忧心忡忡地离开了房间。Satisfied_with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 过关演练.单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1When _ (compare) with the size of the whole ea
40、rth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.答案：comparedcompared with.“与比较；与相比”。22014天津高考_ (face) with difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldnt know whether you made the right choice.答案：Facedbe faced with“面对”，此处省略be动词作状语。3The advantage is _ smiling can not only make us happy, but als
41、o please others.答案：thatthat在该句中引导表语从句。4The trouble is _ I have lost his address.答案：that句意：麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。that引导表语从句，不作句子成分但也不能省略。5_ (leave) alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.答案：Left主语the little boy与leave(留下)之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。句意：尽管独自被留在家里，小男孩一点儿也不感到害怕。.句型转换The teacher entered the class
42、room, and he was followed by some students.The teacher entered the classroom, _.答案：followed by some students.翻译句子1由于受到了很好的照料，这位老人生活很幸福。_答案：Taken good care of, the old man is living a happy life.2我的想法是我们在看电视之前应完成作业。_答案：My idea is that we should finish our homework before watching TV.复习同位语概念同位语是句子成分的一
43、种，位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。The program is attractive. The program is Where Are We Going, Dad.The program, Where Are We Going, Dad, is attractive.同位语的表现形式同位语除可以直接位于所修饰的名词、代词后外，也可以用such as, that is, of, or等词引导。The freezing temperature is the temperature at which water freezes under or
44、dinary pressure. Freezing point is that too.The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.同位语从句1概念：一个句子在复合句中起到同位语的作用，对前面的名词进行解释说明。这个句子被称为同位语从句。He told me the news and he would come home from abroad soon.He told me the news that he woul
45、d come home from abroad soon.2用法：同位语从句一般位于fact, news, idea, truth, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, promise, information 等抽象名词后，解释前面名词的具体含义。When will he come back? I have no idea.Ive no idea when he will come back.3同位语从句连接词有that, whether, who, which, what, when, where, why, how等。Should we con
46、tinue to do the experiment?The problem has not been solved.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been solved.4同位语从句与定语从句的区分：同位语从句所修饰的名词在从句中不作成分；定语从句所修饰的名词在从句中充当一定的成分。Where were they to get the machine needed?Then he raised the question.Then he raised the question where
47、they were to get the machine needed.(同位语从句)Do you know the place? He was born in the place.Do you know the place where he was born？(定语从句)过关演练单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)12013浙江高考The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.答案：t
48、hat分析句子结构可知，此处是由that引导的同位语从句，说明belief的具体内容，该从句中不缺少成分，故填that。22014重庆高考Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.答案：whywhy在此处引导同位语从句，说明idea的内容。3The question _ will take his place is still not clear.答案：whowho引导同位语从句，说明question的内容，且who在从句中充当主语。4We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.答案：where句意：到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。where引导同位语从句。52013上海高考I have no idea _ that cell phone isnt working, so could you fix it for me?答案：why句意：我不知道为什么手机不能正常工作了，你能为我修理一下吗？why引导同位语从句。