1、Unit 3Inventors and inventions【热点话题】Food and drinks(饮食)节约粮食体裁：夹叙夹议写作思路：浪费粮食现象光盘行动你的看法【美文诵读】In the past，a lot of food was wasted in our school canteen.Some students threw away some food because it was not delicious as_expected.Others left the food on the plate because they bought too much.Last month
2、the Students Union of our school launched“Clear Your Plate”campaign，which_aimed_to_call_on_us_students_to_eat_up_all_the_food_we_bought.Now_there_is_less_leftover_in_our_school_canteen_because_we_think_it_shameful_to_waste_food.In_my_view，everyone_should_form_the_habit_of_saving_food.We can share ou
3、r food with our good friends，which can strengthen our friendship and save money as well.【学海拾贝】按要求完成或翻译下列句子。1将句省略的状语从句补全。Some students threw away some food because it was not delicious as_it_was_expected2我们发起了一次过低碳生活的运动。(launch)We launched_a_campaign to advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.3将句中的定语从句改写为分词作状
4、语的形式。Last month the Students Union of our school launched“Clear Your Plate”campaign，calling_on_us_students_to_eat_up_all_the_food_we_bought .4我觉得很奇怪：他没打电话给我。(it作形式宾语)。I felt_it_strange that he should fail to call me.5我们已养成了早起的好习惯。(form the habit of)We_have_formed_the_habit_of_getting_up_early.按要求写出下
5、列单词1专利权，专利证书n.patent2文件，档案；提交 n& vfile3粉末，火药n.powder4消极的，被动的adj.passive5清白的，无罪的adj.innocent6有效的，确凿的adj.valid7版本，译本n.version8抓住，捉住，夺v.seize9(水)龙头；轻打，轻拍n.& vtap10额头 nforehead11区别，使出众v. distinguish杰出的，高贵的adj. distinguished差别，对比n. distinction12期待 v. expect期待；预料n. expectation意想不到的adj. unexpected13电流；现在的，
6、当前的n.& adj.current现在地，当前地adv. currently流通；货币 ncurrency14实际的adj. practical几乎；实际地adv. practically不切实际的 n. impractical15同伴；联想，联系n.& v. associate联想，协会n. association 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1She_distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery as well as a distinguished novelist.(distinguish)2He is a man of cautio
7、n and so he is cautious about everything.(caution)3We didnt expect that he would come when it was already 11 oclock at night.But the unexpected visitor didnt seem to see our coldness towards him.(expectation)4Your plan sounds impractical，so please make it more practical(practice)5I found his rudenes
8、s was so unbearable that it was almost more than I could_bear(bear).翻译下列短语1给打电话call_up2偶尔，有时now_and_then 3开始，着手set_about4(以防)万一in_case 5迅速把手伸入；一心投入dive_into6开始(做)set_out_(to_do)7事实上；的确in_truth8不挂断，稍等hold_on/hang_on9设法联系上；通过get_through 10挂断电话ring_off选用上述短语完成下列短文。(1) Now_and_then my mother would (2) c
9、all me (3) up，telling me that I should (4) set_out_to learn to dance (5) in_case I would feel bored after I retire.I thought it was a good idea and soon I (6) set_about learning to sing in a club.重点句型1Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(p.21)只有你得到这种承认
10、，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。含有“only状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only after my friend came was_the_computer_repaired只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才被修好。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1) 只有抓住今天，才能赢得明天。Only when you seize today can_you_win tomorrow.(2)只有用这种方法我们才能够积极而有效地学习。Only_in_this_way_can_we_learn_actively_and_effectively2The patent was given in 1876，b
11、ut it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.(p.25)这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是在五天以后才给他的助手华生发了第一条短信息。It was not until.that. 直到才It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)也许只有等我们有了孩子才会知道为人父母的无私付出和艰辛。It_i
12、s_not_until_we_have_kids_that we know the_selfless_devotion and hardships of our parents.(2)直到1454年欧洲才印刷了第一本书。It_was_not_until_1454_that_the_first_book_was_printed_in_Europe3.and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.(p.20)它们好像在这儿安了家，离胡桃树不远。sb.seems to do.It seems that
13、sb.do好像He seems to know everything./It seems that he knows everything.他好像什么都知道。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)他好像已在销售部工作多年。He_seems_to_have_worked/It_seems_that_he_has_worked_in_sales_for_several_years.(2)我好像已经明白你的意思了。I_seem_to_have_understood_what_you_mean.or：It_seems_that_I_have_understood_what_you_mean.用上述句型
14、翻译下列小片段。年轻时我很想当作家出人头地，可是每当我计划写东西时，似乎总有人阻止我实现自己的梦想，说我根本不是当作家的料。直到我偶然遇见了怀特先生后我才开始写一篇短篇小说。怀特先生告诉我，我应该努力实现自己的人生目标，不要理会别人说什么。只有努力过了，才知道自己能不能当作家。多亏了怀特先生的鼓励，现在我已发表了三十篇小说。When_I_was_young，I_had_always_wanted_to_distinguish_myself_as_a_writer，but_every_time_I_planned_to_write_something，it_seemed_that_someone
15、_was_preventing_me_reaching_my_aim_saying_I_was_no_writer.It_was_not_until_I_came_across_Mr.White_that_I_set_about_writing_a_short_story.He_told_me_I_should_try_my_best_to_realize_my_ambition_no_matter_what_others_might_say_about_me.Only_after_I_tried_my_best_could_I_know_whether_I_could_become_a_wr
16、iter.Thanks_to_his_encouragement,_I_have_published_thirty_novels_so_far. 动词、形容词前后可用副词。这时，如果所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀ly。另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语，系动词后接形容词作表语。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词级别的变化。如：The little girl is extremely (extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.Your composition
17、is badly (bad) organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively (attend) next time.Whats the longest (length) river in the world?The stronger (strength) we become，the more modest we should be.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day，but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow
18、” higher (height)常用形容词、副词后缀：形容词ly副词carefulcarefully名词ful形容词hopehopeful名词y形容词lucklucky名词ous形容词mountainmountainous名词al/ial形容词emotionemotional动词able/(s)ible形容词forgetforgettableaccessaccessible动词tive形容词attractattractive阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。It was a 1.snowy(snow) winter S
19、unday.Jane sat in her 2.gloomy(gloom) room，staring at the telephone 3.sadly(sad)，and waiting 4.eagerly(eager) for a phone call because her uncle promised her that he could manage to find her a job.It was almost 11 oclock，but the phone still remained 5.silent(silence)She once told herself that her un
20、cle could do nothing to help her and she thought she had some 6.predictive(predict) power about such kind of things.However，she still felt it 7.unbearable(bear) when she assumed her prediction came true，so she couldnt help weeping.Just then，the telephone rang.It was her uncle，telling her the manager
21、 of his company agreed to give her a chance because he thought Jane was a petitive (compete) girl to do the work well.Imagine how happy Jane was at the good news!第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。A(2015湖南卷)Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly？Imagine having
22、 your entire house，garage，and yard inspected at any timewith no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living，and a keepers reputation depended on the results.A few times each year，an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surp
23、rise，but keepers sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones，keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard，the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As so
24、on as someone spotted the boat，everyone would do lastminute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite
25、the serious nature of inspections，they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time，people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly，Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes i
26、nto a big bread pan，covered them with a cloth，and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking.He never did.One day，Glenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house.Like floor wax，the oil made the floo
27、rs shiny and helped protect the wood.This time，though，she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight，” Glenn later wrote.Afte
28、r he steadied himself，he shook Glenns mothers hand，and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.1What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?AIt was carried out once a year.Blt was often announced in advance.CIt was important for the keepers fame.DIt was fo
29、cused on the garage and yard.2The family began making preparations immediately after_Aone of the members saw the boatBa warning call reached the lighthouseCthe keeper put on the dress uniform and capD. the inspector flew special flags in the distance3Mrs.Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because thi
30、s would_Aresult in some funBspeed up washing themCmake her home look tidyDbe a demand from the inspector4If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen_Aan empty panBmany clean dishesCpieces of baked breadDa cloth covering something语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为社会生活类。对于灯塔管理员来说，接受各种出其不意的检查已经成为了他们的家常便
31、饭。那么，他们是如何应对这种检查的呢？1解析：事实细节题。从第一段第三句“Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living，and a keepers reputation depended on the results.”可知C项正确。答案：C2解析：事实细节题。从第二段第三句“As soon as someone spotted the boat，everyone would do lastminute tidying and change into fancy clothes.”可知A项正确。答案：A3解析：推理判断题。由第三
32、段第二句“Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.”和第四句“In an effort to clean up quickly，Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan，covered them with a cloth，and stuck them in the oven.”可以推断出答案为C。答案：C4解析：推理判断题。由第三段第四句和第五句“In an effo
33、rt to clean up quickly，Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan，covered them with a cloth，and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door，it would look like bread was baking.”可以推断出答案为D。答案：DB(2015陕西卷)The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but, unfor
34、tunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level，th
35、e damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying
36、out.On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In additi
37、on，new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in
38、the worlds climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local enviro
39、nment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.5What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Parag
40、raph 4?AIt limits the spread of new growing techniques.BIt leads to air pollution and global warming.CIt slows down the loss of shade trees.DIt improves local soil conditions.6The purpose of the text is to_AentertainBadvertiseCinstruct Dpersuade7Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultur
41、al magazine.BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook. DA tourist guide.8Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P：Paragraph)语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为环境保护类。主要介绍了fullsun coffee production对人类生活和环境造成的影响。5解析：事实细节题。根据第四段第二句话可知，fullsun coffee production造成了空气污染和温室效应。故选B。答案：B6解析：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段
42、可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了地球和人类的未来，劝说大家购买shadegrown coffee，故选D。答案：D7解析：推理判断题。本文主要探讨了fullsun coffee production对环境等造成的影响，与农业有关。故选A。答案：A8解析：推理判断题。文章第一段提出fullsun production造成的破坏，接下来的三个段落分别从“On a local level”“On a more global level”和“Both locally and globally”三个层面进行了论述，最后一段对全文进行总结并号召大家购买shadegrown coffee，故选A。答案：A第二
43、节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。We live in a fastpaced and anxiety filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet.Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life.For as long as I could remember, I had struggled with anxiety.After I left university，I
44、made friends with a Moroccan woman at work.One day she invited me to _1_ her and her family back home.I wanted to，but I would have to travel there _2_ and I knew we would be in a very rural area.How would I cope with my _3_ ?Then one day it _4_ to me that I had a life to live.I could choose to let a
45、nxiety _5_ me or I could go to Morocco and _6_ something different.I was 23 years old and had never been out of the UK alone.The journey to Morocco _7_ something inside me.I managed to cope with my anxiety.The sense of _8_was overwhelming and still to this day when I get afraid of going somewhere al
46、one，I remember how _9_it felt when I arrived in Morocco.Upon arrival I was so _10_ for the generous welcome I received.My friends family had arranged a welcome party.The people were so loving toward me.As a moment of_11_felt in a faraway village，this reminded me that I was “good enough”，which helped
47、 to _12_my anxiety.Waking up the next day，in the morning light，I saw the area where we were.I was _13_by how rural it was and the realization that these people had very few _14_.In the days afterwards，I traveled around Morocco.We went to Marrakesh and_15_the Atlas mountains.We had the most amazing f
48、oodlots of fresh fruits and vegetables.At the end of my _16_ something inside me had changed.I realized I had not felt anxious for nearly two weeks.Experiencing a different culture far away from home helped me to realize what is important in life，what really _17_ ，and with that my anxiety _18_.When
49、I returned home I was much more active in _19_my anxiety.Working with people，helping them _20_ their anxiety，is how I can share the love I found in Morocco. 1A.send BconsultCcall Dvisit2A.alone Bsoon Cfree Dsafe 3.A.work BcuriosityChomesickness Dworries4A.appeared Bhit Cstruck Doccurred5A.impress Bc
50、ontrolCreach Dpersuade6A.enjoy Bexperience Ctake Dexperiment 7.A.changed BmovedCsupported Dimpressed8A.achievement BfearCdisappointment Dembarrassment9A.good Bashamed Cafraid Dproud10A.sorry BconfusedCconfident Dthankful11A.doubt BluckClove Dsurprise12A.improve BholdCprotect Dreduce13A.inspired Bmov
51、edCpleased Dshocked 14.A.lands Bdifficulties Cresources Dfriends15A.discovered BexploredCexamined Drecognized16A.opportunity Brush Cstay Dlife17A.rules Bexists Cmatters Dhurts18A.disappeared BexpandedCremained Dremoved19A.expressing Bchallenging Cforgetting Dremembering20A.drop BnoticeCpass Dovercom
52、e语篇解读：作者一直都很焦虑，对于生活有太多的担忧，不能乐观地面对一切。在一次去摩洛哥的旅行之中，她学会了通过分享爱来克服焦虑和担忧。1解析：根据下文“我”到摩洛哥旅行可知，本句是指有一天这个朋友邀请“我”去看望她。答案：D2解析：根据下文“I get afraid of going somewhere alone”可知“我”不得不独自一个人去摩洛哥看望朋友。答案：A3解析：句意：我不得不独自一人去那里。而且我知道那是一个很荒凉的农村地区，我怎么才能应对自己的担忧呢？worries是本文的关键词之一，与文中的anxiety相对应。 答案：D4解析：sth.occur to sb.“某人突然想起
53、某事”。句意：有一天我突然想起，我要过自己的生活。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句。答案：D 5解析：句意：我可以选择让焦虑控制自己或者我去摩洛哥体验一下不一样的东西。答案：B6解析：见第5题解析。答案：B7解析：根据下文“I managed to cope with my anxiety.”可知，本句是指去摩洛哥的旅行改变了“我”内心深处的一些东西。 答案：A8解析：根据下文作者成功地克服了焦虑感可知，此处指这种成就感对她的震撼十分大。其他选项不符合语境。答案：A9解析：根据下一段作者受到朋友家人的热情欢迎可知，此处指作者感觉很棒。 答案：A10解析：根据常识
54、可知，去到一个陌生的地方而受到热情欢迎会令人充满感激之情。be thankful for.“对感到感激”。答案：D11解析：根据文章内容及最后一段的“is how I can share the love I found in Morocco”可知。答案：C12解析：句意：人们对我的欢迎让我感觉很好，这有助于我减少自己的焦虑。答案：D13解析：根据文章第一段“I knew we would be in a very rural area”及本段的“how rural it was”可知此处指“我”对这里的荒凉程度感到震惊。答案：D14解析：句意：当地人可以利用的资源非常少。其他选项不符合语境。
55、答案：C15解析：句意：在接下来的几天里，我们游遍了摩洛哥，还去探索了阿特拉斯山脉，吃了很多新鲜的水果和蔬菜之类的食物。答案：B16解析：opportunity“机会”；rush“匆忙”；stay“逗留”；life“生活”。我在摩洛哥逗留的最后几天里，我内心深处的一些东西已经发生了改变。答案：C17解析：句意：体验一种远离故乡的文化帮助我意识到人生中重要的是什么，最要紧的是什么。明白了这一切，我内心深处的焦虑消失不见了。matter“重要，有关系”，其他选项不符合语境。答案：C18解析：见第17题解析。答案：A19解析：句意：当我回到家乡以后，我更加积极地挑战自己的焦虑，让自己更加能够克服自己
56、的焦虑，积极地面对人生。答案：B20解析：overcome“克服”。和人们在一起，帮助他们克服焦虑。答案：D第三节语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。In the summer of 1848，in Guatemala，a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle，as he did almost every day.Tut was a gumcollector(树胶采集者)，1._ (look) for gum in the jungle.To do this,
57、he had to climb the trees.2._his particular day，he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye.He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didnt really know what he had seen but he knew it was something 3._ (specially)He ran to tell the local governor，and to
58、gether they 4._(walk) into the jungle.There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔)，the city that the Mayans(玛雅人)had built hundreds of years before.The two men saw temples and pyramids，squares and houses，and places 5._ kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.For a long time before that day，local people
59、 had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city，6._ no one had seen it for centuries.7._ 200 and 900 AD，the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region，but then the Mayans left 8._ and nobody knows why！After 1000 AD，the jungle began to cover it and peopl
60、e forgot that it was there.Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees，two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle，but they didnt mention Tikal.Even 9._ (early) than this，local Indians had told European travelers about a great city 10.
61、_ (hide) in the trees，but no one would listen to them.Now the lost city had been found again，and archaeologists went there immediately to see it. 语篇解读：1848年夏天，在危地马拉有个名叫Ambrosio Tut的采胶人在丛林中偶然发现了古代玛雅人遗址。1解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Tut与look为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示伴随，故用looking。答案：looking2解析：考查介词。表示“在具体的某一天”应用介词on。答案：On3解析：考查
62、形容词。此处应用形容词special修饰不定代词something。答案：special4解析：考查时态。根据上下文的时态可推知本空要用一般过去时。答案：walked5解析：考查定语从句。先行词为places，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Kings had lived in the places.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。答案：where6解析：考查并列连词。前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。答案：but7解析：考查介词。between.and.在和之间。答案：Between8解析：由语境可知此处应用it或there代替上句的the city of Tikal。答案：it/there9解析：考查副词比较级。根据后面的than可知设空处用副词比较级。答案：earlier10解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。a great city与hide之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示状态，故用过去分词作定语。答案：hidden