1、2014高考英语短文改错、书面表达一轮训练（4） 含答案 (201*内江、广安模拟)Last Saturday we had a party at home. Dads friends come1._along with their families. Since Mom was not at home, Dad2._and I had to prepare everything, so it turned out such a miracle3._that they did make it! Everything went perfectly fine.4._A lot of kids wh
2、o came that day. I had the most wonderful time5._with Steven. It was just amazed to find someone so much6._like me. We had a lot of things by common. The time seemed7._short to me, and I wished we could have had some more time8._to continue the conversation. Hopeful were going on9._a trip together n
3、ext summer, and also summer after next.10._答案与解析：1comecame整篇文章为一般过去时，应把come改为came。23sobut前后语境为转折关系，应把so改为but。4theywe根据上文可知作者使用了第一人称，此处指作者和父亲俩人，因此应把they改为we。5去掉who本句为简单句，去掉who。6amazedamazing主语为it，应用amazing作表语，表示“令人惊异的”。7byin固定短语have.in common表示“有相同之处”。8去掉hadwish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语应用情态动词动词原形，因此把had去掉。9Hope
4、fulHopefully副词hopefully放在句首，表示“希望”副词作状语修饰整个句子。10在also后加thenext summer指明年夏天，the summer after next指后年夏天。*结束近几年的高考考试说明中,关于高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档(很好)中有这样一段话:应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。这就是说,学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达无语法错误,也不能得高分;相反有些错误,目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇,也不扣分,仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这
5、样一个高度,有利于反映学生的水平层次,有利于指导教学。原来要点完整,语言无误,行文连贯,表达清楚的标准就落后了。在平时的教学中,训练最多的,学生们也最习惯的是五种基本句型:主语+谓语;主语+谓语+宾语;主语+谓语+间接宾语;主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;主语+谓语+宾语+补足语。用这些句型组织的句子单一、无生气,不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受。客观形势对我们提出了高难度的要求,我们怎样才能对书面表达进行科学的操作?怎样才能控制写作呢?本文拟就这一课题进行讨论,希望能给学生以启迪,调动积极性,开拓思维,培养创新精神。首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,使文章有声有
6、色。一、改变时态例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)There goes the bell! (高级)二、改变语态例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)三、使用不定式例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)He is so kind as to help me.(高级)四、使用过去分词例:She walked out of the lab and many stu
7、dents followed her.(一般)Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级)Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级)五、使用V-ing形式例:When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)If the weather perm
8、its, Ill come tomorrow.(一般)Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)六、使用名词性从句例:It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(一般)The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.(高级)I happened to have met him.(一般)It happened that I had met him.(高级)To his surprise, the little girl knows so ma
9、ny things.(一般)What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)七、使用定语从句例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)八、使用状语从句例:I wont believe what he says.(一般)No matter what he says, I wont
10、believe.(高级)If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.(一般)You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six oclock.(高级)If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(一般)Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(高级)*结束(201*郑州质检)We all know that healthy is very importa
11、nt to us. Both1._study and work depend by strong bodies. Doing sports2._and games helps us keep strong and healthy. If we do not3._take any exercise, we may feel tired but get sick easily.4._Theres many different kinds of sports we can do them，5._such as playing ball games, running, walking and swim
12、.6._However, now we have too much homework to do in7._every day. We hope that well be giving less homework8._and have more time take part in sports. We also hope9._that our school can hold a sports meeting every term. 10._答案与解析：1healthyhealth这里是句子的主语，因此用名词形式。2byon/upondepend on/upon是固定搭配。3helphelps这
13、句话的主语是动名词短语doing sports and games。动名词短语作主语表示一件事时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4butandfeel tired和get sick是并列关系，不表示转折，因此将but改为and。5去掉them这是一个定语从句，从句中作动词do的宾语的关系代词that(或which)被省略了，因此them是多余的。6swimswimming应用动名词与前面的running，walking并列，故应用swimming。7去掉inevery day可以单独作状语，前面不需要加介词。8givinggiven这里是被动语态，因此用过去分词。9take前加to此处考查的是h
14、ave time to do sth.的结构。10*结束作文（*）某家中学生英文杂志以交通安全为题向读者征文，请你根据下列图画中UncleLi的一次经历写一篇短文应征，短文可以适当增减细节。 词数：100左右。 生词：三轮车tricycle 昏迷losecomsciousness _ _ _ _ _ _ 参考范文The other day Uncle Li left the bus station with a heavy box on his shoulder. Just then a young man riding a tricycle came and asked Uncle Li t
15、o pay four yuan for riding him home. On the way Uncle Li asked him to ride slowly, but he just smiled and rode even faster. Suddenly the tricycle turned over. The young man was badly hurt and lost consciousness. Uncle Li was slightly hurt in the forehead. They were sent to hospi- tal. Coming out of
16、the hospital, Uncle Li made up his mind to take a bus.*.(典型题)*结束 (201*河南五校联考)After I finished the school this year, I began to1._look for work. Now several month later, I still hadnt 2._found the job that I was interested. Last Sunday morning，3._I received a phone call from a man calling him Mr. Smi
17、th.4._He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do very well in your5._studies. I may provide a job for you.” I entered 6._his office with a beaten heart. How I hoped that I 7._will go through the jobhunting talk today and he would8._take me on as a lab assistant. But to my surprised, 9._what he said
18、disappointing. He only needed a model.10._答案与解析：1去掉thefinish school是固定搭配，表示“毕业”。2monthmonthsmonth是可数名词，several暗示应用复数形式。3interested后加inbe interested in是固定搭配，表示“对感兴趣”。4himhimselfcalling himself Mr. Smith短语作定语，修饰a man表示“自称Mr. Smith”的男子。5dodid根据逻辑可知这里表示毕业前的情况，故用一般过去时。do well in“干得好”。67beatenbeatinga bea
19、ting heart“忐忑不安的心”。8willwould这里应考虑主从句时态的呼应，故用过去将来时。9surprisedsurpriseto ones surprise是固定搭配，表示“令某人惊讶的是”。10said后加waswhat he said是主语从句，“他的话是令人失望的”。句子缺少系动词。*结束【命题趋向】短文改错是一项主要测试考生的判断能力，观察能力、纠错能力语言基础知识及语言的综合运用能力。短文改错的趋势：1.改错短文以记叙文和说明文为主 。2.文章内容贴近学生生活，没有生僻词汇和复杂的结构，文章简单易懂，错误设置也很简单，多为学生平常作文中常出现的错误。3.短文一般100词
20、左右，错误有9处。4.常见错有三种:错词、多词、 缺词。错词占60%左右【错误类型】 1. 错词 2. 多词 3. 缺词 4. 正错【考点透视】一错词的热点1 动词时态 语态 非谓语 ；主谓关系。2 联系词关系代词和关系副词；连词；连接词。3 名词可数名词 、不可数名词，可数名字的单复数变化。4 介词介词和动词的搭配错误。5 形容词/副词词类错用。6 冠词定冠词和不定冠词的错用。7 代词人称代词；物主代词；反身代词。8 惯用法固定句型，固定短语。二多词和缺词热点 1. 冠词2.介词3.副词4.代词5.关联词6.小品词 to【短文改错主要特点】1. 语言材料取自于学生的习作。 2. 短文为贴近学
21、生生活的话题或学生身边事。 3. 短文难度符合学生水平。 4. 语言简单易懂。 5. 没有生僻的语言现象或繁难的语句结构。*结束【例题解析】一 错词1.动词错误：（1） 时态和语态、主谓一致的错误。【1】整体时态： *Then I ask him “Grandma, how come you have so much lines on your hand”全文为故事，故ask改为asked。*High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.The hole became bigger and bigger.全篇使用过去时态，故改
22、discover- -discovered【2】主谓一致*Having fun with their friends make them happy.动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式makes。*But the most wonderful thing about jack were his musical ability。主语为the most wonderful thing 故此，系词为was*But not all information are good to society.主语不可数，所以动词用is。（2.）动词错误：*In American big cities, thous
23、ands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.(buy)根据句子意思，数千人买票去看比赛。故sell改为 buy。（3）非谓语动词【1】动名词错误*I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.(seeing)解析：to 为介词，故此see改为seeing* Not only play football makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play a
24、nd team spirit.解析：主语应为动名词，故play football改为playing football【2】现在分词*The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.解析：分词做定语，故keeps 改为keeping*I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.解析：with a light shone 改为with a light shinin
25、g。a light和shining为主动关系。【3】不定式*I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.(become)解析：help sb do sth 故改becoming为 become *He did not want share things with others.解析：want to share sth. want后可跟不定式做宾语。【4】过去分词*I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.解析：have sth done, so
26、me records和give是被动关系，故改为given。2连词错误：*I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.解析：根据句意，“我看到他们中的一个人走进厨房，并且打开灯。”两个分句子之间是并列关系。故改but为and*We would return at night to hear that hed picked up from the radio in the day.解析：考查宾语从句，pick up 缺宾语，故改that
27、 为what*The classes helped me understand what the world works 解析：根据句子意思，“这些课程有助于我了解世界是怎么运转的”故改what 为how。*He was silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: “Each of these lines stands for a trouble”解析：根据句子意思，So 改为 Then/And3.形容词/副词错用：*You always gave me specially attention. 解析：名词应该被形容词special修饰。*It is
28、 real a good chance to have met all of you here.解析：副词really修饰系词，故改real为really。*My hometown has taken on a new look.How great it has changed !解析：great修饰动词，故改为：greatly 4.冠词错误：*This is my first visit to a American family.(an)解析：American 第一个音标的音素是元音，故用an.*Each player must obey captain, who is the leader
29、 of the team.解析：有定语修饰，the特指captain.*Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.解析：固定搭配catch sight of.故此去掉冠词a。5.代词错误：【1】反身代词*I just smiled to me and thought, 解析：主语和宾语相同，故此memyself 。【2】形容词性物主代词*Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities live
30、ly and interesting.(his -their)解析：主语是第三人称复数，因此try ones best 【3】it/that/them /us*I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other.解析：that不可以做形式主语，故改为it。*It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very excited.前后人称错误。故此改them
31、为us.6.名词单复数和名词的所有格的错误*She marked strictly on students performance.(students)解析：根据句意，学生们的表演，故改为students performance*Physics is one of the most difficult subject for us (subjects )解析：one of说明后面为复数形式。*We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.解析：常常看比赛，故此match改为mat
32、ches.* I have no papers to write on.解析：纸不可数，所以改为paper7.介词错误*He left Shanghai at a cold night.解析：一天的部分被修饰时，介词用on,*I am a new comer of a small town.解析：根据句子意思，来自一个小镇come from a small town.* I was caught by the rain last night 解析：固定短语be caught in the rain 遇上雨。8.语意错误*Thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.解析：句子意思：数千人卖掉票去看足球或者篮球比赛。故此错误，sellbuy *Not all people like to work and everyone like to play.解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜欢工作，并且所有的人喜欢玩。语意错误，应该为转折关系，andbut 。*结束