1、2014高考英语宏志优化设计系列语法：牛津译林版专题7（虚拟语气讲解）语法专题七虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。考点一虚拟语气用于条件句中1表示与现在事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时（be的过去式用were）；主句中谓语动词用would（should，could，might）动词原形。If I were you，I would study hard.2表示与过去事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用had过去分词；主句中谓语动词用would（should，could， might）have
2、过去分词。If he had taken my advice，he would have passed the test.3表示与将来的事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形或were to动词原形；主句中谓语动词用would（should，could，might）动词原形。If it were to rain tomorrow，they would not go to the cinema.注意：1）if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。2）if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。3）含有if条件句的虚拟语气中，主句都要用
3、情态动词，且都可理解为过去式。考点二wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词的构成形式为：1表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）。I wish it were spring now.2表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用had过去分词。I wish he had come yesterday.3表示对将来的主观愿望，从句中动词常用would/could/might动词原形。I wish it would be fine tomorrow.考点三谓语动词必须
4、用“（should）动词原形”的情况1表示“建议，要求，命令”的动词：一坚持（insist），二命令（order，command），三建议（suggest，propose，advise），四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后面的宾语从句或是由it作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语动词要用“（should）动词原形”。这些词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词也要用“（should）动词原形”。The teacher ordered that the homework（should）be handed in on time.It is suggested that
5、 the meeting（should）be put off.My idea is that we（should）think it over.注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，不用虚拟语气；insist作“坚持认为”讲时，不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested he was happy.The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money.2在It is important /strange/ natural/ necessary/a pity/a shame等that从句，表示情绪、观点等，主语从句中的谓语动词用“
6、（should）动词原形”，should可以省略。It is a pity that he（should）refuse to accept the offer.考点四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用1在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语as if/ though主语一般过去时（从句的动作与主句动作同时发生）主语as if/ though主语would/could动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语as if/ though主语过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all
7、about it.He walked slowly as though he had hurt his leg.2在It is（high）time that.句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should动词原形，should不可以省略。表示“是时候做了”，含“建议”的意味。来源:It is time that we studied hard.3would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。would rather主语一般过去时（表示与现在或将来情况相反）would rather主语过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）Id rather he didnt g
8、o now.Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news.4if only “要是就好了”。表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望时，句子谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，句子谓语动词用过去完成时。If only I had passed the driving test last week!5动词hope，intend，mean，plan，want，think等词的过去完成时形式，通常表示“本想，本打算，本认为”。He had hoped to come to the party，but it began to rain.考点五含蓄虚拟条件句有
9、时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without，with，but for（要是没有），otherwise，or，but等。Without your help（If we had not had your help），we could not have finished the task.He felt very tired yesterday，or/otherwise he would have come to the party.考点六错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一
10、致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据各自主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice，you would recover.（从句说的是过去，主句说的是现在）If I were you，I would have gone abroad.（从句是现在，主句说的是过去）考点七省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以省略if，把这三个词置于句首，采用倒装语序。If I were you，I would go to the party.Were I you，I would go to the party.If it should happen，what would you do？Should it happen，what would you do?If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.