1、2014高考英语完形填空基础训练题（106）及答案阅读理解课堂练学案（28）Passage Thirty-one (The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century) For a thousand years and more, the people of Europe had fought about many things, but they had been united in believing one thing: that there existed a single “Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Ch
2、urch” of which the Bishop of Rome, under the title of the Pope, was the visible and recognizable head in succession to St. Peter. But in 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy. Others had followed him, including Henry VIII.
3、Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to
4、 modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbors attempts to convert them. For this there was no simple,
5、friendly solution to be reached on the principle of live-and-let-live. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themsel
6、ves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors. Toleration, even reasonable discussion, was impossible. God and the devil could not mix. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” a
7、nd their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.These feelings, dangerous enough in themselves, were made more so by questions of geography and money. The Catholic countries bordering on the Mediterranean were by far the richest. From
8、 the beginning of the Middle Ages the Republic of Venice had controlled the trade routes to the East, bringing the wares carried out of Persia, China and the Indies by camel to her depots in Syria and reloading them in her high, gorgeously painted vessels for transshipment to Italy and beyond. Since
9、 the end of the fifteen century, first Portugal by sailing round Africa to India, then Spain by the discovery of America, had likewise been in a position to bring for sale to Europe all the rare and wonderful things for which Europe longedsilks and precious woods, sugar and spices, gold and silver,
10、works of exquisite art and strange animals from peacock to tigers. In 1494, two years after Columbuss first voyage to America, Pope Alexander VI had divided the unexplored world beyond the seas between Spain and Portugal as reward for their enterprise and to keep them from fighting. The other countr
11、ies had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic.1. The best title for this passage isA. The History of Europe in 16th Century. The Religious History of Europe in 16th Century.C. The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century.2. What does we learn from the passage?A. The Pope had
12、 the supreme power in religion before reform. The Pope had the greatest power in every thing outside religion.C. The Pope was the real king in Europe then.D. The Pope was the real ruler in Europe then.3. What did the sentence “The other countries had respected this division so long as they remained
13、Catholic” imply?A. It implied this division could not be respected long. It implied this division would not face a challenge.C. It implied this division would be respected forever.D. It implied the power of the Pope would never decline.4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause to deepen
14、the dangerous feelings?A. Money. . Geology. C. Religion. D. Geography.Vocabulary1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的，使徒的2. in succession to 继承，接班3. Martin Luther 马丁路德 14831546德国宗教改革家4. teachings 教义5. renounce 抛弃，摈弃，否认6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度，这里指罗马教皇7. cling to 坚持8. damnation 诅咒，永远的处罚9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼10. depot 仓库，补给站11. g
15、orgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，辉煌的12. spice 香料13. enterprise 事业，业绩，功勋难句译注1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled
16、 Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neigh
17、bors attempts to convert them.结构简析 every which way. 四面八方，散乱。这里指四分五裂。EX : Railroads cross the country in every which way. 铁路四通八达，纵横全国。参考译文 就这样欧洲四分五裂：东南部2/3仍然是天主教，西北部1/3是后来被称为的基督教，虽然英国统治的爱尔兰是稳固的天主教，而西班牙统治的荷兰，特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越变成基督教。事实上，在每个国家，不论官方声称是天主教还是基督教，相反信仰的人都拼命想把他的邻居变过来，也同样强烈的抵制他们的邻居企图把他们变过去。2. E
18、ach party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with
19、 their errors.结构简析 believed 有两个宾语从句，用and连接。第一个宾语从句that it had hold of the truth中，the only the one都说明truth,是它的同位语。And 后的宾语从句省略了连词that，句中有定语从句which must 修饰falsehood，后面的who定从修饰all.参考译文 每一派都认为他掌握了真理，唯一的至关重要的这里，通向永恒获救解脱，而它的对手（敌人）死抓住错误不放，这必然导致永恒的诅咒；不仅诅咒他们自己，还诅咒那些让他们生存下去，让他们错误感染别人的人。3. Just as Elizabeth wa
20、s to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.结构简析 注意just asso 句型，so 后是部分倒装。To cleanse off消减，清除出。Jezebel耶西别古代以色列国王亚哈的妻子，残忍淫荡。后指无
21、耻放荡的女人，胭脂虎。这里指英国女王伊丽莎白。参考译文 就像伊丽莎白女王对狂热的天主教徒来讲那是个耶西别；对基督教徒来说罗马教皇是那个残忍的吸血鬼。天主教徒是疯狗，蛤蟆，其他种种恶魔，应从地球表面上清除出去。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论述“宗教改革后的欧洲形势”的文章。（16世纪欧洲的情况）。作者从三方面论及其分裂的原由，欧洲在宗教改革后的信仰分裂，造成新旧教势不两立的局面，地理位置和金钱两个因素加剧了分裂的局面。答案祥解1. D. 16世纪欧洲分裂的因素。上面文章大意中作者是从三方面论及其分裂。见难句译注1和第三段第一句：“这些情感，本身就危险，再加上地理和金钱两个问题，情况就更加不妙了。
22、”A. 欧洲史。 B. 欧洲宗教史。这两项涉及面更广。 C. 宗教改革对16世纪欧洲的影响。和标题有些接近。但第三段却是和宗教无关的两个因素。2. C. 在改革前，罗马教皇是欧洲真正的帝王。这在第一段中有明确的叙述“一千多年来，欧洲人们虽然在许多事情彼此斗争过，可是在信仰上团结一致，都信只有一个神圣的天主教和罗马教皇的教会。那里的罗马大主教，称为教皇，是继承圣彼德之后有形的公认领袖。可是，1517年德国僧侣，马丁路德向某些天主教教义提出挑衅，拒绝服从罗马教皇，其他追随他，其中包括亨利八世（英王）”。A. 在改革前，罗马教皇在宗教上具有至高无上的权利。似乎很有道理。实际上，教皇虽是宗教领袖，管的
23、事情远远超出宗教范畴。这在最后一段倒数第二句话可见一般。结合第三题谈。 B. 教皇在宗教之外的许多事情有着最高的权利。是明显不对的。 D. 教皇是那时欧洲的真正统治者。Then 一词可以指改革前后。3. A. 这种分割不可能长期得到尊重。最后一段的最后两句话“1494年，哥伦布首次远航美洲后的两年，教皇亚历山大六世就把这块大洋彼岸未曾勘探的世界分给西班牙和葡萄牙作为对他们业绩的褒奖（赏赐）和制止他们彼此开仗。其它国家只要他们依然信仰天主教，他们就会尊重这个瓜分。”as long as 是一个条件。一旦这个条件不存在，那就不会再尊重。另一方面也说明教皇不仅管宗教，见第2题A注释，因此并不正确。B
24、. 不会面临挑战。 C. 永远得到尊重。 D. 教皇权力永不衰退。4. B. 地质学。其他三项：A. 钱。 C. 宗教。 D. 地理位置。都提到。阅读理解-BA disheveled(头发凌乱的) man appeared in court Thursday on charges of murdering a Chinese woman whose fight with her attacker was seen on webcam by her boyfriend in China. Police refused to release any details about the crime
25、or its possible motive.The body of York University student Liu Qian, 23, of Beijing, was found Friday in her apartment in Toronto a few hours after her boyfriend witnessed the attack, police said.She was found undressed from the waist down but there were no obvious signs of sexual attack or trauma（创
26、伤）severe enough to kill her. Police say it may be weeks before the results of an autopsy(尸体解剖) are known.Brian Dickson, 29, stood before the court in a wrinkled white shirt and blue jeans as a charge of first-degree murder was read out. He did not enter an appeal. His case was held over until April
27、26. Dickson was arrested Wednesday. Police only announced his name and his age and asked the media not to publish any photos of Dickson, saying it could compromise the investigation. Toronto police spokesman Tony Vella declined to respond to the request further.Lius father, Liu Jianhui, who arrived
28、from China after being informed of his daughters death, thanked authorities for their quick action.“I sincerely thank the people concerned with my daughters case,” he told reporters after the arrest. “Our daughter was studying very hard.”Police released no motive or details about Dickson, but one fr
29、iend described the Toronto man as an aspiring actor.Patricia Tomasi, a friend of Dicksons, told The Associated Press that she acted in a play at a local theater in Toronto with Dickson in 2007.“He doesnt seem like the type but thats what they always say,” Tomasi said. “Hes tall with boyish good look
30、s. I dont know much about him except that he wanted to be an actor.”Dickson attended York University where he studied global politics, but did not earn a degree from there.He later worked for the Atlantic Council of Canada (ACC), where he served as an assistant to the president Julie Lindhout. Accor
31、ding to his biography on a newsletter from the Atlantic Council of Canada, Dickson has also been a running instructor and has been involved with Developments in Literacy, a Pakistani aid organization that raises money for children in Pakistan.A statement from the Atlantic Council of Canada on Thursd
32、ay said it was not council policy to comment on staff, but it confirmed that Dickson had been an intern(实习生) with the council from September 29, 2008, until March 27, 2009.Liu was chatting with her boyfriend, Meng Xianchao, by webcam at about 1 a.m. Friday when a man knocked on the door, police said
33、.Meng reported seeing a struggle break out between the two before Lius webcam was shut off. Meng contacted other friends in Toronto who in turn called police.The victims father, Liu Jianhui, said his daughter studied at Beijing City University before moving to Canada, where she met Meng.Liu Qians la
34、ptop computer, webcam and mobile phone were taken from the apartment the night of the attack, police said. Police said the online chat was on a live streaming camera and was not recorded, though investigators were trying to figure out if there was any way they could recover it.York University, whose
35、 campus is located near one of Torontos rougher neighborhoods, is one of Canadas largest universities with more than 53,000 undergraduate and graduate students. About 3,200 of Yorks students come from more than 150 foreign countries, the universitys website says.1. Which of the following statements
36、is NOT true according to the passage?A. York University students come from over 150 foreign countries.B. Dickson was a graduate of York University where he studied global politics.C. The passage does not mention the reason why Dickson murdered Liu Qian.D. ACC wouldnt make any comments on staff even
37、if they committed a crime.2. The underlined word in paragraph 8 probably means _. A. a successful actor B. a gifted actor C. a common actor D. an ambitious actor3. Why did police ask the media not to publish any photos of Dickson?A. Worrying about bad influences on the investigation.B. Not intending
38、 to give out any information about Dickson.C. Not confirming whether Dickson had killed Liu Qian. D. Wanting to protect their citizen for fear of losing face.4. What can be inferred from the text?A. Developments in Literacy raises money for children.B. Seeing the struggle, Meng contacted Toronto pol
39、ice.C. Dickson had no bad records before the murder.D. Investigators could recover the chat record online.【参考答案】14、BDAC 阅读理解-E Most recently, its very common in students who need a parent present for job interviews. Naturally, its easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger proble
40、m is us. Weas parentsare so eager to shelter our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them. As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself constantly that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live in, to live with
41、out me. So, Ill let them fail Ill let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow. And failure along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc.will be part of growth for them. Call me the anti-tiger mom, but leaving them alone is, my way of h
42、elping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today. From terrorism and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how
43、to fish. My children now are becoming little masters of compromise, but they try to negotiate everything now. Its a small price to help them learn a skill theyll use for the rest of their lives, including when I dont accompany them on job interviews. 72. Why do parents accompany their kids on job in
44、terviews?A. Because they want to protect their kids from difficultiesB. Because they think they can help them on the questionsC. Because their kids are too shy to attend interviewsD. Because their kids strongly request them to do so【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章2,3行Weas parentsare so eager to protect our kids
45、that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them.可知问题在我们父母亲身上，我们总是保护我们的孩子。让他们是去了自己发展的机会。故选A。73. According to the author, what is beneficial to kids development?A. Sheltering them B. Keeping them safeC. Leaving them alone D. Blaming them【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据leaving them alone is my way of help
46、ing them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today.可知让孩子独处是一种帮助孩子适应我们这个世界的很好的方法。故选C。74. Why does the author stress failure in kids life?A. To make them stronger than other kidsB. To help them grow in this tough worldC. To help them develop all social skillsD. To make them learn to com
47、promise【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish.可知我们要想让我们的孩子在这个世界上立足，就要让他们自己体验失败，只有这样才能再这个世界里成长。故选B。75. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Never Shelter Your KidsB. Let Your Kids FailC. Be Eager to Grow UpD. Live Without Parents【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。根据本文讲述的是要让自己的孩子经历挫折，而不是帮助孩子处理一切困难。因为挫折可以让他们长大。让他们了解世界的艰难，让孩子真正成长。故B正确。
