1、话题素材粮食耕种好词1waste n. & vt. 浪费 2.severe adj. 严峻的3production n. 生产 4.shortage n. 短缺5decline vi. 减少；下滑 6.be due to 注定；因为7a_lack_of 缺少；短缺 8.rid.of. 使摆脱掉9be_abundant_in. 富含有 10.call on/appeal to 号召/呼吁11be concerned about 关心12twice as much as. 是的两倍13be considered as. 被认为是14food_supply 食物供应15farming method
2、耕作方法佳句1As far as Im concerned, it_is_a_good_virtue_for_us to “clear your plate”， especially when_having_dinner_with_our_friends.我个人认为，“清干净盘中的食物”对我们来说是一种美德，特别是与朋友聚餐的时候。2Lots of farmland has been lost due_to_the_rapid_development_of industry and urbanization.由于工业化和城市化的迅速发展，许多农田已经大量流失。3Besides, faced w
3、ith the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which_has_worsen_the_severe_situation.除此之外，面对日益增长的能源价格，人们开始转向生物能源的生产，进而加剧了严峻的形势。精美语篇Food ShortageAs we know, food shortage has hit many countries and even caused social unrest in some areas. But what has caused the curre
4、nt world food crisis? Firstly, annual world grain output has declined because of climate change. Secondly, lots of farmland has given way to factories and buildings due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, some people use grain for biof
5、uel, which has worsened the severe situation.How can we deal with the problem? On the one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland.If the whole world works together, more food will be produce
6、d and we can create a harmonious world. 高频单词1expand (vt.&vi.) 使变大；伸展2reduce (vt.) 减少；减缩3skim (vt.) 浏览；略读4underline (vt.) 画底线标出；强调5struggle (vi.&n.) 斗争；拼搏；努力6output (n.) 产量；输出7therefore (adv.) 因此；所以；因而8regret (vt.) 遗憾；惋惜 (n.) 遗憾；懊悔9focus (n.) 焦点；中心点 (vt.) 集中；聚焦10comment (n.) 评论；评议 (vi.&vt.) 表达意见；作出评论
7、11circulate (vt.&vi.) 循环；流传circulation (n.) 循环12export (vt.&vi.) 输出；出口import (vt.&vi.) 输入；进口13hunger (n.) 饥饿；欲望； (vt.&vi.) (使)饥饿hungry (adj.) 饥饿的 14disturbing (adj.) 引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb (vt.) 搅乱；弄乱；干扰15freedom (n.) 自由；自主free (adj.) 自由的；自主的freely (adv.) 自由地；自主地16equip (vt.&vi.) 配备；装备equipment (n.) 装备；
8、配置equipped (过去式/过去分词)17occupation (n.) 工作；职业；占领occupy (vt.) 占领；占据18confuse (vt.) 使迷惑；使为难confusion (n.) 困惑；迷惑19production (n.) 生产；制造produce (vt.) 生产；制造product (n.) 产品producer (n.) 生产者；制片人20discovery (n.) 发现；发觉discover (vt.) 发现；发觉 重点短语1thanks_to幸亏；由于；因为2get_rid_of 摆脱；除去3be_satisfied_with 对感到满意4would_r
9、ather 宁愿；宁可5build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6lead_to 导致；造成(后果)7focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8be_rich_in 盛产；富于9keep.free_from/of 使免受(影响；伤害等); 使不含(有害物)10prefer.to. (与相比)更喜欢11make_a_difference 有关系；有影响 热点句型1if so状语从句的省略形式If_so (如果这样的话), what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)2the序数词名词动词不定式In 1973，he became _the_first_agricultu
10、ral_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice (世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋) that has a high output. (教材P10)3make itadj.动词不定式This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce (使生产成为可能) 20% more of the crop in the same fields. (教材P10)4would rather do. “宁愿做”He would much rather (宁愿做) keep time for his hobbies. (教材P
11、10)5倍数as.asUsing his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before (是以前的两倍多). (教材P10) 教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1Thanks _ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world _ hunger.答案：to; of第一空考查“thanks to”意为“因为，幸亏”；第二空考查“rid.of.”意为“除掉问题”。2Since then, f
12、inding ways to grow more rice _(be) his life goal.答案：has been考查时态以及主谓一致。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语用现在完成时态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。3_he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer.答案：Although考查两个句子之间的关系。结合语意可知答案，两句之间表示转折关系。4_(bear) in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricult
13、ural College in 1953.答案：Born考查分词作状语。bear与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，故用Born。5Spending money on himself or _ (lead) a comfortable life also _ (mean) very little to him.答案：leading; means第一空考查“spend money (in) doing sth.”；第二空考查主谓一致，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。6Now more than 60% of the rice _ (produce) in China each year is from t
14、his hybrid strain.答案：produced考查分词作定语。produce与rice之间为动宾关系，故填produced。7These _ (increase) harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people _ (feed) from just 7% of the farmland in the world.答案：increased; are fed第一空考查分词作定语，increase与所修饰词之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词；第二空考查被动语态。8Over the past half century, _ (use) chemical f
15、ertilizers _ (become) very common in farming.答案：using; has become第一空考查动名词作主语；第二空考查主谓一致和时态，动名词作主语时谓语用单数，根据“over the past half century”可知用现在完成时态。9They feel that this makes the soil in their fields _ (rich) in minerals and so more fertile.答案：richer考查形容词比较级。根据and后so more fertile可知，此处应填richer。10Crops suc
16、h as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, _ (make) it ready for crops such as wheat or corn.答案：making考查分词作状语。make与前面的句子之间是顺承主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。1strugglevi.努力；奋斗；同斗争；挣扎；奋力前进n竞争；努力；奋斗 Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of mill
17、ions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.(P10)事实上，他黝黑的脸和胳膊以及纤瘦却强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民一样，在过去50年来他一直为他们而奋斗。 struggle for 为而斗争struggle with/against 与作斗争；同搏斗struggle to_do sth. 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来2015陕西高考Robinson suggested that may be because parents themse
18、lves struggle_to_understand the task.罗宾逊暗示说，那可能是因为父母自己努力地去理解这项任务。2013山东高考With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle_for_attention.随着越来越多的快餐概念进入市场，麻雀餐馆的菜单不得不努力争得关注。Those climbers struggled_against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mount
19、ain.那些登山者在强风中艰难地行进，最终到达山顶。必背佳句He struggled_to_his_feet and went away without saying a word.他挣扎着站起来，没说一句话就离开了。2equip(equipped, equipped) vi.& vt. 配备；装备He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10) 因此他拿出几百万帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。(1)equip.with. 用装备be equipped with 装
20、备着be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)a piece of equipment 一件设备We students should equip_ourselves_with_knowledge for the competition nowadays is very fierce.我们学生应该用知识武装我们自己，因为当今社会竞争非常的激烈。2013湖北高考When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valle
21、y, wellequipped_with pens, a diary，and a camera.当我十三岁的时候，我徒步在一个大峡谷进行了一场长途旅行，带着钢笔、日记和相机。必背佳句Equipped_with much experience in teaching, Mr Wang is the most popular maths teacher I have ever met.王老师具有丰富的教学经验，他是我遇到的最受欢迎的老师。3regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔His father says that he has never regretted sending his son
22、to study abroad.(P13)他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。(1)regret sth.后悔，遗憾某事regret that从句 遗憾regret doing sth. regret having done sth. 后悔做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事(事儿还没做)(2)much to ones regret 使某人非常遗憾的是feel regret for 为感到后悔with great/deep regret 很遗憾Jerry didnt regret_giving the comment but felt that he could ha
23、ve expressed it differently.杰瑞不后悔做出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式去表达。Much_to_my_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。必背佳句Nowadays some parents regret_not_spending more time with their kids when they were young.当今社会，一些家长后悔在他们年轻时没和孩子们在一起度过更多的时间。4reducevt.减少；缩减；降低；使陷入某种更坏的状态(常用
24、于被动语态)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。(1)reduce.to. 减少到；使某物变为reduce by 减少了be reduced to.沦落为；被迫(to为介词)(2)reduction n缩小；减少2015江苏高考Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance, buying reusa
25、ble products and recycling.个人可以开始通过制造更少的废弃物来减少他们的“贡献”例如，买一些可再用和可回收利用的产品。Due to a lack of food in the hard time, many people were_reduced_to_eating grass and leaves.在困难时期由于缺少粮食，许多人被迫吃草和树叶。The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced_from 40 to 9.一氧化碳排放超标的城市数量从40个减到了9个。过关演练单句
26、语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1My son wastes a lot of time playing online games every day, and now I regret _ (buy) the computer very much.答案：buying考查regret的用法。结合语意可知此处表示对“动作已经发生而后悔”，故填buying。2Progress so far has been very good. _， we are sure that the project will be completed on time.答案：Therefor
27、e考查两句之间的逻辑关系。结合语意，可知此处表示“因果关系”，且是副词，故填therefore。3The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _ (hear)答案：to be heard考查struggle的用法。struggle to do sth.且hear与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故填to be heard。4With its focus divided, the lion became _ (confuse) and is unsure about what to do next.答案：co
28、nfused考查confuse的词形转换。系动词后填形容词，此处表示困惑的，故填confused。5_(struggle) to find a job as a waitress for several months, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.答案：Having struggled考查分词作状语。struggle与took a position之间有明显的先后关系，且Dina与struggle之间为主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式。6In the future, we can send robots _
29、 (equip) with cameras and other tools to do observation for us.答案：equipped考查分词作定语。robots与equip之间为被动关系，故用equipped。7She was so _ (hunger) for success that shed do anything to achieve it.答案：hungry考查词形转换。注意拼写的变化，应为形容词作表语。8_ (disturb) news came that the Ebola Virus spread quickly, which made us rather _
30、(disturb)答案：Disturbing; disturbed考查词形转换。第一空修饰news，表示“令人不安的”，用disturbing；第二空修饰us作宾补，故填disturbed。9She is old enough to have the _ (free) to do what she likes.答案：freedom考查词形转换。由空前的the可知，此处应填名词，故填freedom。10_ (occupy) herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to be an adventurer.答案：Occupying考查分词
31、作状语。根据句式分析，occupy与其逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，故填occupying。1be satisfied with 对表示满足或满意Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.(P10)袁博士很满意他的生活。(1)with sb./sth. 对满意be satisfied to_do sth. 对做感到满意(2)satisfy vt. 使满意satisfaction n. 满足；满意to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是2015课标全国卷Students who take a wellplanned year out are
32、 more likely to_be_satisfied_with,_and complete, their chosen course.在外度过完美计划一年的学生更可能满意于并完成他们所选的课程。2015陕西高考Satisfied that I had done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad.满意我做的工作后，我会很快乐地把梳子还给父亲。必背佳句To_my_great_satisfaction,_my boss agreed to my suggestion put forward at the meeting.令我非常
33、满足的是，我的老板同意了我在会议上提出来的建议。2build up 逐渐增强；建立； 开发； 增进These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.(P14)随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。(1)build up a fame 建立名声build up ones health/body 增进健康(2)与副词up搭配的其他短语add up 加起来；合计come up 上升；走近；发芽pick up 捡起；学会take up 拿起；开始；从事look up 向上看；查找eat up 吃
34、光；吃完2015课标全国卷I actually began to build_up my arm muscles (肌肉) shaking my set.晃动电视的同时确实锻炼了我胳膊上的肌肉。2015课标全国卷Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick_up the set and shake it to remove the sound.有时这种方法无效，我不得不搬起电视并晃动它，以便除掉声音。2015陕西高考Peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel
35、agency at the end of next month.Peter在下个月末将从事旅行社负责人的职位。必背佳句Therefore, lets take the responsibility to build_up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.所以，让我们通过骑自行车来承担起建立一个低碳城市的责任。3lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14)这些化学成分中许多都能导致癌症或其他疾病。lead/have/live a
36、(n).life 过着的生活lead_the_way 带路lead sb. into 带某人进入lead sb. to_do sth. 使得/诱使某人做某事lead up to 通向2015上海高考First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead_to improved physical health.首先，运动项目可以为年轻人提供机会锻炼，从而导致改善身体健康。In class I will divide the students into sm
37、all groups and lead_them_to_practise speaking English in an interesting way.在课堂上，我把学生分成小组，用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。必背佳句The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs being_caught.新证据的发现使得小偷被抓。名师点睛lead to中的to为介词，其后一般跟名词、代词或动名词形式。4focus on 集中(注意力)；聚焦They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(P1
38、4)他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。(1)focus on集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点(3)表示“集中注意力/精力于”的其他短语pay attention to sth.put ones heart into sth.fix ones attention on sth.concentrate ones attention on sth. 2015上海高考They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops u
39、sually, focusing_on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.他们每年管理着30到40个研讨班，主要集中研究六部不同的剧本，大部分为公司，同时也为政府机构。If you dont concentrate_your_attention_on work, you will achieve nothing.如果你不把心思放在工作上，你终将一事无成。图解助记过关演练选词填空build up; lead to; focus on; thanks to;
40、 get rid of; be satisfied with; keep.free from.; struggle against; with the hope of; be equipped with1Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can _ many diseases.答案：lead to2Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher _ my progress.答案：satisfied with3Ones bei
41、ng respectful plays an important role in _ interpersonal relations, while rudeness will surely leave a bad impression.答案：building up4There are many examples of students _ their addiction to the Internet after receiving education in our training class.答案：getting rid of5When Lisa stood before the audi
42、ence, she felt very uneasy with all eyes _ her.答案：focused on6Each classroom in our school _ a computer, which is helpful to our study.答案：is equipped with7_ the cancer for many years, he succeeds in surviving, which makes many people admire him for his courage and optimism.答案：Having struggled against
43、8He did all he could to please the boss _ getting promoted.答案：with the hope of9_ the help of a native villager, we got out of the dark cave safely.答案：Thanks to10Balanced diet and proper exercise can _ you _ disease.答案：keep; free from1If_so,_what did you do to grow them？(P9) 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？if s
44、o如果是这样的话，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。when, whenever, though, although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构。if构成的其他省略形式：if any如果有的话if_possible 如果可能的话if_necessary 如果必要的话if ever 如果有过的话(曾经发生) 语境助记2015广东高考Many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in mind if_not in age.
45、现在，很多处于“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，都非常健康，仍然积极，虽然年龄上老了，但心态依然年轻。2014辽宁高考If_so,_you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did.如果这样的话，你没有必要买任何东西，但如果你买了，你就太好了。He is ready to help others, seldom, if_ever,_refusing them when they turn to him.他非常乐于助人，当别人求助于他的时候，他很少(如果曾经有过的话)拒绝他们。2He would much rather keep
46、 time for his hobbies.(P10)他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。(1)would rather宁愿，常用来表示选择的意愿。would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做宁愿(而)不愿/与其倒不如(3)would rather从句(谓语)(4)would rather have done 本来想做而未实现语境助记We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待
47、在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩子了。He would_rather_die_than_give_in_to the enemy.他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。Well, its something that you would_rather_not_have anyone else know about.嗯，那是你不愿让其他人知道的事情。3Recently, however, scientists have_been_finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even m
48、ore dangerous, to peoples health.(P14)然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行或动作刚刚结束。其谓语构成形式为have/hasbeendoing。语境助记2015课标全国卷For days the kids have_been_looking_for others we can help!几天以来，孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助的其他人。2015四川高考Its been a month s
49、ince I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I_have_been_experiencing.来这所新学校已有一个月了，我真想与你分享一下我所经历的一些问题。No wonder you are so tired. You have_been_working all day.难怪你这么累，你工作一整天了。过关演练.单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式12015福建高考Where is Peter? I cant find him an
50、ywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and _ (write) his essay there ever since.答案：has been writing考查动词时态。根据时间状语ever since可知，此处用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且还在进行。2As is known to us, we now live in _ is called Information Age.答案：what考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，故应用what。3McDonalds is very popular in the world, _
51、 (make) it the biggest fast food corporation.答案：making考查分词作结果状语。make与逗号前内容之间为顺承主动关系，故填making。.完成句子1The two girls are so alike that strangers _ tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人难以区分她们。答案：find it difficult to2Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?你们找到昨天在山中失踪的夫妇了吗？No, but we
52、_ to get in touch with them ever since.没有，但是自从那以后，我们一直在尽力和他们取得联系。答案：have been struggling3_， in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.如果不这样的话，这些现在吸引游客的东西几年后可能全被毁坏了。答案：If not动词ing形式作主语和宾语动词ing作主语1动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性，习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Going fishing is my fav
53、ourite sport. (go)2动词ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。常见的句型有：It is/wasIt is no use complaining (complain). It is a waste of time talking (talk) about such useless things.动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid, miss, advise, finish, practise, enjoy, escape, risk, mind, stand, imagine等。We were lucky to esc
54、ape being punished. (punish)I tried to avoid making the same mistake. (make)2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v.ing形式作宾语。常见的跟v.ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth等。He insisted on doing it in
55、 his own way.(do)I have never dreamed of visiting that place. (visit)3有些动词或词组后既可跟动词ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。stop/mean/try/remember/forget/regretbe afraidWhen I came in, he stopped reading (read) and looked up at me.Please remember to send (send) the letter this morning.4下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不
56、定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doingneed/want/require/deserve to be done。例如：The old temple needs过关演练单句语法填空用括号内单词的正确形式填空12015安徽高考_ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案：Ignoring考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知该句没有主语，因此填动名词作主语。2_(injure) in the leg
57、 made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.答案：Being injured考查动名词短语作主语。此处应表示“受伤”，且从句子结构中可知，此处填动名词作主语，故填Being injured。3While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.答案：being persuaded考查动名词短语作宾语。结合语意可知，persuade与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，故填being persuaded。4If you think that treating a kid well means always _ (give) him what he wants, you are totally wrong.答案：giving考查mean的用法。mean doing意为“意味着做”，mean to do意为“计划做”。5You can never imagine the boy _ (speak) so rudely to his parents.答案：speaking考查动名词的复合结构。the boy为speak的逻辑主语，imagine后跟动名词作宾语，故填speaking。