1、河北省武强县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练题（5）及答案【陕西省西安市长安一中2014第二次模拟】 阅读些列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出你最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。What shapes a mans ability and skill was always a question to psychologists until a few decades ago when findings show that they for the most part come from practice - repetitive and endless pract
2、ice. The psychologist K. Anders Ericsson of the University of Florida and his team, based on a survey of a violin class in a college of music, have found that the students whose levels are rated as “A” have spent on average over 10,000 hours on violin-practice, those with level B a bit less than 8,0
3、00 hours, and those with average or lower levels no more than 5,000 hours.The result of the survey is widely preferred because it suggests that practice makes perfect, that is, the distinction between “excellent” and “good” lies more in hard work than in natural intelligence. Malcolm Gladwell points
4、 out in his latest book Outliers: The Story of Success: “Practice isnt the thing you do once youre good. Its the thing you do that makes you good.” Besides, he thinks IQ plays little part in the formation and development of ability. “When one has an IQ of 120,” writes he, “what is beyond it does not
5、 make an evidential difference in real life.” However, scientists experimental results are quite different from the psychologists. Their findings show success in many areas depends on intelligence - and not a little. David Lubinski and Camilla Benbow of Vanderbilt University, with their research gro
6、up, carried out a milestone research. They selected from Youth Talented Search 2000 teenagers of or under 13 whose SAT results ranked top1%. After tracking the achievements the 2,000 “wonder children” made in academy and career, Lubinski and Benbows group found that those ranking top 1% have more po
7、ssibility (averagely by two to four times) to get a doctors degree, a certificate, and publish academic theses and works than those ranking top 9%. As a conclusion, its a great advantage in the real world to have a high IQ. 57. Psychologists apply violin-practice as an example to support the idea th
8、at _. A. common people have more chances to become skilled B. practice plays a key role in the development of ability C. a mans ability has little to do with ones intelligence D. even a high IQ man can not succeed without practice 58. Psychologists conclusion is popular among people probably because
9、 _. A. everyone sees a chance to succeed through practice B. hard work plays as important a part in success as IQ C. they are told that IQ makes no difference in real life D. there is no difference between “excellent” and “good” 59. Scientists conclusion differs from the psychologists in that they t
10、hink _. A. success has much to do with intelligence B. both hard work and high IQ lead to success C. practice makes up for a lack of intelligence D. success depends a lot on early development 60. What is the writers attitude to psychologists and scientists conclusions about mans ability and skill? A
11、. He is more in favor of psychologists.B. He prefers scientists to psychologists.C. He takes an objective attitude to both.D. He supports both conclusions equally. 【参考答案】5760、BAACC82013浙江卷 -C The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the
12、baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to av
13、oid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, d
14、iscovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while th
15、e cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called
16、contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically
17、 rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic qua
18、lity of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the
19、 baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still
20、 there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Mi
21、lk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 51After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52What does the baby monkey probably ga
22、in from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 53It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to
23、the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. give the reasons for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点
24、综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50A考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。51D考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈
25、妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。 52C考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。53D考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs
26、down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。54B 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。【浙江省金丽衢十二校2014高考英语第二次联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。 Ok, I said to my daughter as she bent ove
27、r her afternoon bowl of rice. Whats going on with you and your friend I? J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her campa position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer. Now shes the one on the outs, and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while I offer up the unhelpful
28、advice all summer long.Shes fond of giving orders , Lucy complained. Shes fat, Lucy mumbled（含糊地说） ineo he bowl We are going upstairs, I said, my voice cold, We are going to discuss this. And up we went. Id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day wed have to havethe c
29、onversation about this horrible word. I knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receivingend of the teasing（嘲笑），but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that mydaughter would be the one who used the F word一Fat. My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her.“How would you feel
30、 if someone made funof you for something that wasnt your fault?”I began.“She could stop eating so much,”Lucymumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relativeshave given overweight women for years Its not always that easy,”I said.“Everyones different in tern
31、s of how they treat food”Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. I opened my mouth，then closed it. Should I tell herthat, in teasing a womans weight, shes joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after anywoman with whom they disagree by starting with youre ugly and ending with“no man
32、wouldwant you and there must be something wrong with any man who does？Should I tell her I didntcry when someone posted my picture and commented,“Im sorry, but arent authors who writebooks marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?” Does she need to know, now, that life isnt fair? I feel her eyes
33、 on me，waiting for an answerI dont have. Words are my toolsStories are my jobIts possible shell remember what I sayforever, and I have no idea what to say. So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely trueI say to my daughter,“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do t
34、o make me not love you，But Im disappointed in you right now. There are plenty of reasons for not liking someoneWhat she looks like isnt one of them.” Lucy nods，tears on her cheeks“I wont say that again,”she tells me，and I pull her close,pressing my nose against her hair. We are both quiet, and I don
35、t know if I have said the rightthing. So as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, I pray for her to be smartI pray for her tobe strong. I pray for her to find friends，work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the worldnot to deprive（剥夺）her of the things that make her who she is，for her
36、 life to be easy, and forher to have the strength to handle it when its not. And still, always，I pray that she will neverstruggle as Ive struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. She may not be able to usethe word in our home, but I can use it in my headI pray that she will never get f
37、at55，The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 indicates that Lucy， A. often makes fun of her friend J. Bhas turned against her friend J C gets along well with her friend J. D. has begun to compete with her friend J，56.Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy? A. Because she wants to offer some ot
38、her helpful advice. B Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years. C Because she is really shocked at Lucys rudeness D. Because she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own57. What does the author want to tell her daughter? A. It is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat less
39、 BPeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair. C She herself was once一laughed at for her appearance. D. People shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.58It can be inferred from the passage that A. the author earns a living by writing stories B the author is a fat but good-looking woman C the aut
40、hor will stop loving her daughter for what she said D. the authors daughter agreed with her from.the very beginning59 We can learn from the last paragraph that A. Lucydeeply moved by her mothers prayer B a mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards life C. the author allows her daughte
41、r to use the F word in her head D the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble60 The authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as A. loving but strict B. indifferent but patient C. satisfied and friendly D. unsatisfied and angry【参考答案】55、B 5660、CDADA C82013北京卷 -DMult
42、itaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they a
43、re easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they
44、 multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.N
45、ot surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things
46、at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, bu
47、t because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether pe
48、ople who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking ar
49、e generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _A. seek high productivity con
50、stantlyB. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a timeD. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time68When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _A. assessed the multitasking ability of the stude
51、ntsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksD. measured the changes of the students understanding ability69According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _A. limited power in calculationB. interests in doing thi
52、ngs differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _A. drive very skillfullyB. go in for difficult tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their
53、behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。67D 细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。68A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69C 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because theyre distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。70C 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。
