1、2014高考英语全程复习方略素质与能力提升演练：新人教版选修8U2（答案）选修8 Unit 2. 单词拼写1. People _(崇拜)him for his noble character. 2. The way my brother talked to mother _(打扰)me. 3. We could _(从事)the work for the time being. 4. She wanted to cut down the hedge，but her neighbour _(反对). 5. The novel took a year to write _(总共)，from sta
2、rt to finish. 6. I must insist on your giving me a _(坦率的)answer. 7. Youve had a great _(突破)to get better understanding of it. 8. It is _(禁止)to bathe in this area, for the water is deep and swift. 9. They set down to _(积累) a huge mass of data before the research started. 10. The only _(缺点) of the pla
3、n is that it costs too much. . 完成句子1. Not until she had no more excuse _. (undertake)直到她再找不到借口，她才答应承担这项任务。2. _ was the result of the experiment. (cast)让他沮丧的是实验结果。3. I know nothing about her lost watch. Therefore I really _. (object)我对她丢失的表一无所知，因此我真的反对被指控盗窃。4. The fact that they _ our plan delighted
4、us all. (favor)他们赞成我们的计划，这一事实使我们感到高兴。5. What delighted us was that he _ through his continuous efforts. (obtain)使我们高兴的是，他通过自己不懈的努力获得了奖学金。6. He _ in the following ten years. (pay)他在接下来的10年中还清了所有的债务。7. I _ that I went through the hard time after I lost my job. Everything couldnt have been going so smo
5、othly without them. (owe)我感谢我父母，使我走过了我失业后的那段困难期。如果没有他们，所有的事情都不可能进展得那样顺利。8. The law _ in public buildings. (forbid)法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。9. Because of the timely first aid, the girl who stopped breathing _. (bring)由于及时的急救，那个停止呼吸的女孩又活过来了。10. While I agree with most of what you said, I dont agree with your viewp
6、oint _. (failure)尽管我同意你说的大部分内容，但我不同意你认为实验失败了的观点。. 阅读理解There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit mankind. Below is a list that is far from complete. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents (支持者) of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to r
7、everse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the United Stat
8、es and several other industrialized countries. There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic (胚胎的) stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produ
9、ced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, diabetes, heart failure, and other problems may be made
10、curable if human cloning and its technology are not banned. Despite getting a fair amount of publicity in the news current treatments for infertility (不生育), in terms of percentages, are not very successful. One estimate is that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Coup
11、les go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for more infertile couples to have children than ever before. 1. The passage mainly de
12、als with _. A. the problems with human cloningB. the disadvantages of human cloningC. the advantages of human cloningD. the different ways human cloning is done2. According to Dr. Richard Seed we can use cloning technology _. A. to make people look youngerB. to make people live longerC. to cure peop
13、le of many diseasesD. to produce more animals3. From the passage we can infer that _. A. cloning has already been used to treat heart diseases B. we can treat a mans heart disease by cloning othersheartsC. most people in industrialized countries suffer from heart diseasesD. more people die of heart
14、diseases than of other diseases in America4. What would be the best headline for the last paragraph? A. With Cloning, Infertile Couples Could Have ChildrenB. Treatment of Infertility Is Not SuccessfulC. Physically and Emotionally Pain of Infertile CouplesD. The News Is Not Telling the Truth5. Treate
15、d with an organ cloned from his own stem cells, _. A. the patient is more likely to develop other diseasesB. the patients immune systems dont reject the new organC. the patient will be free of rejection by his immune systemsD. the patient will suffer from Alzheimers disease6. 用30个左右的词概括文章大意_. 读写任务阅读
16、下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。The following story took place long ago in Israel. One day when government officials were using smoke to force the mice inside a hole to come out, they saw two mice, after all the others escaped, squeezing slowly out at the exit of the hole. The strange thing was that afte
17、r they came out, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the exit of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped closer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see
18、anything, and the other one was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on its tail so it could pull the blind one with it to escape. After witnessing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. Then, one serious Rome official said:“I think the relationship between those two mice was
19、 that of emperor and minister. ”A smart Israel said：“I think husband and wife. ” A Chinese, who was accustomed to the firm tradition of loyalty to parents, said: “I think mother and son. ” And a pure Samaritan said. . . 【写作内容】1. 以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。2. 然后以约120个词就这个主题发表看法，并包括以下要点：1)你认为这两只老鼠最有可能是什么关系，为什么？2
20、)以你或他人的亲身经历说明你的体会。 【写作要求】你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料中的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。 答案解析. 1. adore 2. bothered 3. undertake 4. objected5. altogether 6. straightforward 7. breakthrough8. forbidden 9. accumulating 10. drawback. 1. did she promise to undertake the task2. What cast him d
21、own 3. object to being accused of theft4. were in favor of5. obtained a scholarship6. paid off all his debts7. owe(d) it to my parents 8. forbids smoking9. was brought back to life10. that the experiment is a failure. 1.【解析】选C。根据第一段中的“. . . is expected to benefit mankind. ”及下面的内容判断，文章主要谈论的是human clo
22、ning的优点。2.【解析】选B。根据“to reverse the aging process”推断，利用学会的克隆技术可以使人们长寿。3.【解析】选D。心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。4.【解析】选A。最后一段的主要意思是“利用克隆技术可以使不能生育的夫妇有自己的孩子”，所以用A项作小标题。5.【解析】选B。由第四段中“. . . that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. ”可知，用自己的细胞克隆的器官不会有排斥反应。 6. Human cloning can benef
23、it mankind in many ways, if used properly. For example, it can reverse the aging process and can help heart attack victims, and also improve the current treatments of infertility. . 【参考范文】 After seeing a mouse risked its life helping a blind mouse to escape, people made a lot of guesses at their rel
24、ationship, thinking they might be emperor and minister, couple, or mother and son. In my opinion, these two mice are most likely to be mother and son because I believe love from a mother is the most selfless and powerful emotion in the world. In such emergency, only a devoted mother has the extraord
25、inary courage to save her son at any cost and protect her son against any harm. A mother can sacrifice anything for her son, even her life, not to mention, being bitten. I can still remember the moving scene I saw on TV during the Wenchuan Earthquake. Its reported that after several days of rescue,
26、from inside a collapsed building came cries of a baby. Amazed how such a fragile baby can survive such a destructive catastrophe, people recorded the whole rescue process. It turned out that the babys mother, a weak woman, knelt down against a heavy wall with great power, creating a small shelter fo
27、r her baby with her arms even after her death. Love doesnt necessarily mean romance, but we can easily see the unconditional love from a mother, whether its a bitten tail or broken arms. 高考英语语法：定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后指人that / whothat / who / whom指物that /
28、 whichthat / which上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 (先行词)的二.示例:1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit
29、 is a scientist.b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English
30、teacher.4.whose引导的定语从句a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.三.应注意的问题:1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时a. This
31、is the best play that was written by Jack.b. He is the only person that I can trust.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.b. Th
32、is is all that I can tell you.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可a.
33、I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.关系副词引导的定语从句一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语二.示例:a. He was well at the time when I saw him.b. Lets meet at the place where we met yesterday.c. This is the reaso
34、n why I am in favor of the singer.三.应注意的问题:1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句)a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前,从而
35、构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who三.示例:a. This is the house in which he was born.b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down u
36、pon woman.四.应注意的问题:1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词,也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组a. This is the house in which he was born.b. At five oclock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree.c. At five oclock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成名词或代词+介词+关系代词
37、引导的定语从句a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在wh
38、om之前)4.关系副词when / where / why常可与 介词+关系代词互换a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which
39、he was absent )限定性与非限定性定语从句一.两者的区别: 见下表形式作用译法限定性定语从句无逗号与主句分开修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现的非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句分开附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同三.示例:a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.b. President Kenn
40、edy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked,
41、 looked down upon woman.四.应注意的问题:1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是:.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.c. They said they w
42、ere French, which wasnt true.常见问题一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是:.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the p
43、ark, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?b. Do you remember the park where we once played for
44、 a whole day?c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.b. He was the only one of the students who pa
45、ssed the GRE.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.c. They said they were French, which wasnt true.常见问题一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的
46、观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是:.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成
47、in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE