1、专题技能突破(7)阅读理解之指代对象题【技能讲解】“代词指代对象题”解题技巧语境线索法,对于考查代词指代对象的试题，通常要根据上下文语境来猜测代词的含义。首先要了解代词指代的是名词、短语、句子还是人物、时间或行为，然后找到离该词最近的名词、短语或句子，因为它们最有可能是被代替的内容。若就近找不到答案，可以根据文章的线索向上寻找，直到找到指代的对象为止。注意，代词指代的对象一般不在下文，因此只需往上文找即可。找到可能正确的指代内容后可代入原文，进行验证，如内容恰当，即为正确答案。典例剖析1.2015浙江高考，C篇If humans were truly at home under the lig
2、ht of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the suns light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though mos
3、t of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night: Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?AThe night.BThe moon.CThe sky. DThe planet.答案A指代判断题。根据第一段中的“even though most o
4、f us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night: Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事实上，虽然我们并不承认自己是白昼生物，但很多时候我们总是用光来照亮夜晚，故此处it指代前面的“the night”。故选A项。22015湖南高考，A篇.Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant
5、for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.Other road users, including horse riders, ma
6、nage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JMLWrite to Viewpoints of the newspaper.QThe underlined word “t
7、hey” in the third letter refers to _.Aaccidents BvehiclesCpedestrians Dcyclists答案D指代判断题。根据第三封信第一段第一句的主语“Cyclists”可知，该信主要是对骑自行车者的抱怨和建议；结合画线词所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，骑自行车者应该注册登记并购买保险，这样当他们撞上行人或车辆，引发事故时，可以被查出，承担责
8、任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D项正确。32015福建高考，B篇.Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders a
9、nd learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “Theres so much to learn，” hed say. “Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though
10、, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was r
11、eady with some comment, always to the point.QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”Aone new thing Ba requestCthe news Dsome comment答案C指代判断题。根据画线词前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚饭的时候，作者一家人会谈论这一天所发生的新闻，不管这些事是多么的无关紧要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是这句
12、话中的“the news”。故答案选C。技能演练1.Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? Its a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?Well, more and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tw
13、eenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and products to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audi
14、ence. So, its all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.在英国，随着科技的进步和生活水平的提高，孩子越来越受关注。本文就讲述了tweenager(大约10至12岁之间的孩子)的变化。QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “_”Acompan
15、ies BsalesCtweenagers Dtheir parents答案：C指代判断题。现在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花钱、更多的自由，以及对家长的影响更大了。这里是拿现在的孩子跟以前的孩子对比，所以选C。2.Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard
16、returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Whys your car HERE at HER place？” The note became the starting point for Rothbards addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.QThe underlined
17、 word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to _.Athe readersBthe editorsCthe found photographsDthe selfpublished magazines答案：D指代判断题。根据第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs.”以及第二句中画线后的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“selfpublished art magaz
18、ines”，所以选D。32016山西联考.The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.Last we
19、ek, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.QWhat do the underlined words “the duo”
20、refer to?ALittle Apple.BChopsticks Brothers.CZhang Jie.DAmerican singers.答案：B指代判断题。根据第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the duo的意思
21、是“一对表演者”，此处代指小苹果的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故选B项。42015南昌一模.Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop
22、 and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they dont have enough ener
23、gy to make seeds.QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?ATo produce more seeds.BTo move northwardCTo respond to the climate change.DTo protect themselves from the cold wind.答案：D指代判断题。根据画线词前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，画线词this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，即D项正确。