1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练精品题（10）及答案阅读理解课堂练学案（23） (A competitor sabotages) New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-r
2、elated crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An i
3、nternational market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firms competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy
4、 or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their re
5、cordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or con
6、trolled by organized crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have alread
7、y been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither governme
8、nt nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal
9、 groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill
10、an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. The computer opens
11、 vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although cri
12、minals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?A. 7. . 8. C. 9. D. 102. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a companys computer?A. His purpose is to destroy
13、 or weaken the firms operational ability. His purpose is to weaken firms competitive capability and get it.C. His purpose is to buy the rivals company at a relatively low price.D. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a
14、 computer system?A. Sabotage of a university computer. Sabotage of a hospital computer.C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.D. Sabotage of a factory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. Criminals
15、can kill whoever they want by a computer.C. The computer can replace any weapons.D. The function of a computer is just like a gun.Vocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求
16、助于，借助于10. motivate 作为的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the
17、 new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes结构简析 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。参考译文 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无
18、限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.结构简析 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。参考译文 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键
19、的作用。3. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.结构简析 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。参考译文 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。4. The comput
20、er opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.结构简析
21、两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用tooto 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。参考译文 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。写作方法与文章大意文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解1. B. 种，具体罪行。见难句译注
22、。2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”A. 削弱公司运转能力。C. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。3. C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。A. 大学B. 医院D. 工厂。这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。
23、只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.4. B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为世纪的事业杀手。”A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。阅读理解-C I live in the l
24、and of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a splendid, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness. Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little
25、or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion. Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe
26、 even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends. I have often though that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous partie
27、s, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells“happiness”.But in memoir（回忆录）after memoir, they reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism ,drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage, if
28、hes honest, and he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Similarly, couples that choose not to have c
29、hildren are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they can. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raisi
30、ng children. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating（解放性的）realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clo
31、thes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.来源:Z*xx*k.Com66. We can learn from
32、the passage that . A. fun creates long-lasting satisfaction B. fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness C. happiness is lasting whereas fun is short-lived D. fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness67. To the author, the role Hollywood stars play is to . A. write memoir after memo
33、ir about their happiness B. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun C. teach people how to enjoy their lives D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to parties68. In the authors opinion, marriage . A. affords greater fun B. leads to raising children C. indicates duty and
34、devotion D. usually ends up in pain69.Which of the following is the best example of“painful happiness”? A. Winning lottery by accident B. A bachelor resisting marriage C. Raising children D. Buying some fancy clothes70. If one gets the true sense of happiness, he will . A. stop playing games and jok
35、ing with others B. keep himself with his family C. give a free hand to money D. use his time to increase happiness阅读理解-D I always avoid going on field investigations with the toxics (毒物)team, unless its absolutely necessary. Its not that I mind the hard work, or am afraid of coming into contact with
36、 toxic substances. What I fear is quickly losing hope about the work I do. However, doing field research with the toxics team, all I see and feel is filthnothing else. Even if I close my eyes, I can smell the smell of food processing, rotting organic waste from paper mills and chemicals from clothin
37、g manufacturers. One morning, I went to investigate a discharged pipe to document and collect samples of pollutants secretly being emitted by a textile mill. I had to work with the utmost secrecy in order to avoid being discovered by the textile mill. I dipped a long measuring pole into the large po
38、lluting pipe to measure the volume of polluted water being emitted. But the surface of the water, covered in oil and filth, made me feel as if to vomit. All of a sudden, I felt someone hit me on my back. It frightened me so much that I almost fell into the water. I grasped the pole and looked behind
39、 me to see an old man standing there. He asked:“Can you catch fish here?”I realized that he thought I was holding a fishing pole, so I kept calm and said: “Yes, I heard that theres a kind of small fish living in this water, and it has medicinal benefits.” The old man grew quite curious and replied:“
40、That may be. If a fish can survive in water as dirty as this , it must have a lot of resistance. So it wouldnt be too strange if such fish had medicinal benefits.” It was clear he was just passing by, so I answered:“Yeah, survival of the fittest. Fish that adapt can survive, just like us humans.” He
41、 kept talking to me and didnt want to leave. He wanted to see whether or not I would catch the small fish with medicinal benefits.71. The text is mainly about . A. a research report about pollution B. an exciting experience of fishing C. an experience of doing research on pollution D. an unforgettab
42、le talk with an old man72. Which word can take place of the underlined word in the 2nd paragraph? A. fish B. textile C. water D. pollutants73. What is the writer of the text most probably? A. A newspaper reporter. B. A researcher about pollution. C. A fisherman. D. A worker of the textile mill.74. W
43、hy did the writer tell the old man he was fishing? A. Because he wanted to satisfy the old mans curiosity B. Because the old man was interested in fishing too C. Because he did the research secretly D. Because the old man wanted to buy the fish来源:Zxxk.Com75. We can infer from the last paragraph that . A. the old man had found out the secret B. the old man wanted to catch the fish by himself C. the writer would have to tell the old man the fact D. the old man was sent to watch over the writer【答案】71-75 CDBCC