1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英定时系列训练题（13）及答案 【湖北省黄梅一中2013综合适应训练（5）】 CWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in our socie
2、ties. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and acti
3、onthat scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, andlo
4、oks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnectedMoreover,he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For examp
5、le, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）.He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence availableHe rejects authority as the only basis for truthSc
6、ientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermore,he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly,he is full of imagi
7、nationsince he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incompleteFurthermore,he needs imaginationif he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thin
8、ks and acts66. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through .A. knowledge onlyB. more than one aspect C. technology only D. the use of machines67. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesnt find confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is inte
9、rested in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.D. He looks for new ways of acting.68. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT .A. easily believe in unchecked statements B. easily criticize others research work C. always use his imagi
10、nation in work D. always use evidence from observation69. What is the authors attitude towards the topic?A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Unclear. D. Prejudiced.70. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Application of technology. B. Progress in modem society. C. Scientists ways of thinking and actin
11、g. D. How to become a successful scientist.【参考答案】6670、BCABC 阅读理解-1I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles”(风格) of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的) in Japan because most streets there dont have names; in Japan, people use
12、 landmarks(地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not
13、usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go ano
14、ther mile.”People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “its about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They dont know.Its true that
15、a person doesnt know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I dont know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I dont know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong on
16、e. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!56. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually _. A. describe the place carefullyB. show him a map of the place C. tell him the names of the streetsD. refer to recognizable buildings and places57. What is the place where
17、people measure distance in time? A.New York.B.Los Angeles.C.Kansas.D.Iowa.58. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer _. A. in order to save timeB. as a test C. so as to be politeD. for fun59. What can we infer from the text? A. Its important for travelers to understand cultural differen
18、ces. B. Its useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly. C. People have similar understandings of politeness. D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.1答案 56.D 57.B 58.C 59.A This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors a
19、t Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment: “an interesting week of poetry”. This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teach
20、ing if they take a class that is not in their field?The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thingthe importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put
21、tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didnt write anything on the board.The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers (层次)of meaning . Some layers are simple,
22、 clear, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesnt happen much in undergraduate(本科)science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文科学).Both the poetry instructors and th
23、eir students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which
24、information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students.”But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this: All of the professors began to think about how they tea
25、ch and how they can teach better.49. What do we know about this unusual class?A. The teachers did lots of writing on the board.B. The teacher were invited to attend several lectures.C. The students were professors from a university.D. The students were studying science and humanities.50. The experim
26、ent was designed to find out . A. how to teach the students in the science class B. whether poetry is difficult for science studentsC. what to be taught in the humanities class D. why many humanities students find science hard51. Finding levels of meaning is . A. important for graduate students in h
27、umanities B. difficult for graduate students in humanitiesC. common for undergraduate students in science D. easy for undergraduate students in science52. What did the science professors learn after the experiment? A. They should change the way they teach. B. A poem could be explained in clear defin
28、itions.C. A poetry class could be more informative. D. Their teaching was an enjoyable experience.2. 答案 49.C 50.D 51.A 52.A We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively(被动地). We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge pa
29、ssively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with f
30、riends and co-workers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesnt show it to anyone. Then the per
31、son whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the origina
32、l message has changed.Thats what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own pers
33、onal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the fac
34、ts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.48. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _. A. doing a medical experiment B. solving a math problem C. visiting an exhibition D. doing scientific reasoning49. The underl
35、ined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _. A. active learningB. knowledge C. communicationD. passive learning50. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _. A. a message may be changed when being passed on B. a message should be delivered in different ways C. people may have problems with the
36、ir sense of hearing D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor51. What can we infer from the passage? A. Active learning is less important. B. Passive learning may not be reliable. C. Active learning occurs more frequently. D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.3. 答案 48.C 49.
37、D 50.A 51.B【湖北省黄梅一中2013综合适应训练（5）】 DJames Cooke, of Islip，N.Y.，cant recognize other people. “I see eyes, nose, cheekbones, but no face,” he said. “Ive even passed by my son and daughter without recognizing them.” He is not the only one. Those with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, can see
38、perfectly well, but their brains are unable to piece together the information needed to understand that a collection of features represents an individuals face. The condition is a neurological（神经病学的）mystery, but new research has shed light on this strange disease. Some scientists had believed that f
39、aces and voices, the two main ways people recognize one another, were processed separately by the brain. Indeed, a condition parallel to prosopagnosia, called phonagnosia, similarly leaves a person unable to distinguish a familiar voice from an unfamiliar one. But by testing for these two conditions
40、 at the same time, researchers at the Max Planck Institute recently found evidence that face and voice recognition may be linked in a unique person-recognition system. The scientists observed the brain activity of 19 healthy volunteers as they were led through tasks that tested their ability to reco
41、gnize both faces and voices. The researchers found that regions of the brain, associated with facial recognition, are directly linked to regions responsible for voice recognition. This research helps explain why a person with prosopagnosia may still have difficulty determining who a person is even a
42、fter he has begun to speak. The challenge for scientists is to find out where this system breaks down. Are these connections in the brain missing entirely, or are people unable to recognize faces and voices simply unable to use these links in some way? It is unclear how many people have these condit
43、ions. Many dont even realize they have problems with facial or voice recognition. While some develop these difficulties after a brain injury, others develop it in childhood. 71. James Cooke cant recognize other people because .A. his eyesight is failing B. he prefers to walk hurriedly C. he suffers
44、from face blindnessD. he cant tell facial expressions72. Which of the following is true of prosopagnosia?A. It is a common disease among adults.B. It may cause damage to the brain.C. It is always an inborn disease. D. There has been no cure for it. 73. According to Paragraph 3, the underlined word “
45、phon agnosia” may be known as .A. voice blindnessB. memory lossesC. facial injuriesD. mental illness74. According to the recently discovered evidence, .A. different regions of the brain have to work separatelyB. people with phonagnosia are good at facial recognition C. regions of the brain for perso
46、nal recognition are connected D. person recognition is controlled by the same part of the brain75. What can we know from the last two paragraphs?A. The causes of the two diseases have been discovered recently.B. The scientists are quite satisfied with the evidence and findings.C. Some people have problems with both facial and voice recognition.D. A lot of patients have been assisted medically and psychologically.【参考答案】7175、CDACC