1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（68）及答案阅读理解An analysis of studies in 40 countries around the globe proves a long-standing assumption that the more a person knows about science, the more he or she tends to support scientific effortsIn fact, studies that have tested the link between a persons level of scientific know
2、ledge and attitudes towards the field have generated mixed resultsIts been a very hard question, says sociologist Nick Allum of the University of Surrey in Guildford, UKTo resolve the issue, Allum and his colleagues pulled together the results of nearly 200 surveys carried out between 1998 and 2003
3、in countries from Australia to BulgariaThese studies assessed, for example, whether participants knew certain scientific facts and whether they supported developments in genetically modified food or nanotechnologyTo some extent, the results prove the belief widely held by science supporters: the mor
4、e people know about science, the more favourably they tend to view it, in spite of other factors such as age, nationality and level of educationAllum presented his results at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington DC last weekBut now this question is cle
5、ared up, researchers must begin to deal with more pressing questions, Allum saysThe argument should move onHis finding cannot, for example, show whether better science education will increase general support for the fieldThis is because researchers have yet to figure out whether people who learn mor
6、e about science then tend to like it or, on the contrary, whether people who already like and support science are simply tend to learn further factsAnd a persons level of scientific knowledge actually goes a very tiny way towards explaining their attitudes towards scienceAllum believes that there ar
7、e probably far more important factors, such as their moral values, religious beliefs and political leaningAnd peoples trust in science may be influenced by how tightly regulated they believe the process to be in their countryThis might explain, in part, why those living in different countries tend t
8、o hold different attitudes: Europeans tend to be more doubtful of genetically modified crops than those in the United States, for exampleFinally, science lovers hope to strengthen support for the field, but it looks as if simple science education will not be enoughAs Allum says: Its all horribly com
9、plicated13In Allums opinion, _ will have little influence on a persons attitude towards scienceAscientific knowledgeBmoral valuesCreligious beliefsDpolitical leaning14From the passage we can infer that _ Athe surveys were carried out in a few countriesBEuropeans love science more than Americans CAll
10、um kept his research results a secretDNick Allum is not a natural scientist15The underlined word those refers to _Ascience loversBdifferent attitudes Cpeople in generalDgenetically modified crops16What is mainly talked about in this passage? ASpecial beliefs of the sociologist Nick AllumBLink betwee
11、n knowledge and love of scienceCWays in which people love scienceDThe function of science education参考答案 13-16 ADCB第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A(2012沈阳四校协作体月考)Italians like to say that when it comes to alcohol, they have a sipping(小酌) culture rather than a drink
12、ing culture. That means that while Italians may enjoy a glass of wine or beer, they dont usually get very drunk.Thats not true any more. The new study by the Italian National Health Institute found that 63 percent of Italians under age 18 get drunk on the weekends. Now, the city of Milan has created
13、 a law that will stop anyone under 16 from buying alcohol. Anyone who sells or gives alcohol to a person under 16 can be fined up to $700. Young people who feel that the new law is unfair should go to the US for some perspective (观点). The US has the highest drinking age in the world: Its illegal for
14、 anyone under 21 to buy alcohol, and stores or restaurants that are caught selling alcohol to people under the legal age risk losing their licenses.Many young Americans complain that the drinking laws are unfair: They are allowed to vote in elections and join the army at age 18, so why wait another
15、three years just to buy a bottle of beer?These young people have found help in an unusual place. Last year, more than 100 presidents of US universities joined together to ask lawmakers to consider changing the drinking age. They argued that the law doesnt stop underage college kids from getting drun
16、kit just makes them want to drink more. For now, the law seems unlikely to change. But US teenagers who want alcohol can go north to Canada, where the drinking age is 1819, or south to Mexico where the legal age is 18. Throughout much of Asia, Africa and Europe, the legal drinking age ranges 1618. I
17、n plenty of places though, the official drinking age is ignored, and even young children can buy alcohol if they have the money to pay for it.No matter how old you are, you should always be responsible with alcohol. Teenagers in Milan are now learning that their reckless (不顾后果的) drinking behavior ma
18、y come at a high price.By Ariel Lown Lewiton, 21st Teens Staff文章大意：米兰刚刚出台了新法令，任何商家都不能向16岁以下的人出售酒，否则会面临700美元的罚款。其实，很多国家都有这种饮酒最低年龄的限制。56The new law by the city of Milan_.A. aims to keep Italys sipping culture alive B. forbids selling alcohol to people under 16 C. is welcomed by Italian young people Dh
19、as reduced the number of underage youths getting drunk答案：B细节理解题。由第二段的第三、四两句话“Now, the city of Milan has created a law that will stop anyone under 16 from buying alcohol. Anyone who sells or gives alcohol to a person under 16 can be fined up to $700.”可知，该法案禁止出售酒给16岁以下的人。57Which of the following place
20、s has the lowest drinking age? A. Milan B. New YorkC. Mexico D. Canada答案：A细节理解题。由文中不难得出，各地的最低饮酒年龄限制：米兰是16岁；纽约是21岁；墨西哥是18岁；加拿大是18岁到19岁。所以A项正确。58Many US university presidents want lawmakers to consider changing the drinking age because_.Atheyve received complaints from many young Americans about the u
21、nfairness of the lawsBthey agree that people old enough to vote and join the army should be allowed to drinkCthey believe the law is pushing underage youths toward alcohol instead of stopping themDthey dont want to see US teenagers going to neighboring countries for a drink答案：C细节理解题。由第五段最后一句话“They a
22、rgued that the law doesnt stop underage college kids from getting drunkit just makes them want to drink more.”可知。59What can we infer from the passage?ARestaurants in the US dont sell alcohol to people under 21 for fear of a $700 fine.BThe author thinks that US teenagers should go to Canada or Mexico
23、 to drink.CIn many places, shop owners dont mind selling alcohol to underage customers.DTeens in Milan have to pay a lot of money for their reckless drinking behavior.答案：C推理判断题。由倒数第二段“In plenty of places though, the official drinking age is ignored, and even young children can buy alcohol if they ha
24、ve the money to pay for it.”可知，在很多地方，年轻人只要有钱就能买到酒。B(2012泸州一诊)One of my main concerns when I am helping people achieve their goals is how they measure success. I see individuals getting frustrated (挫败) as they struggle hard for success.One of the main reasons that cause this frustration is that peopl
25、e allow their definition (定义) of success to be determined by someone or something else.Another is that they become frustrated at their own apparent (表面的) lack of success when comparing themselves to other people.We are individuals with individual wants, skills and experiences.We should look our own
26、skills to determine what is successful to us.We should look inward to determine what it would mean for us to be successful in our own mind rather than someone else s.Evaluating (评价) a successful person needs to look at his pathway to success, his actions, his determination and translate that into hi
27、s own experience to see how he can improve himself.You must set your own course of action, and stay on your course.You alone must determine what success means to you.Do what you do to the best of your ability and the rest will take care of itself.For example, I believe that I am successful but I am
28、not a millionaire! Others may not see me as successful in their eyes but that does not matter.It is how I see myself that is important to me and my life. Here is the truth.Being a success is doing your best, not being the best.Success is not something you become; it is something you continue being.W
29、hen we get to that point, we will experience a lot more joy and a lot less frustration.And that sounds good to us!Remember the great quote from Napoleon Hill, “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way.”文章大意：在走向成功的路上，你是不是觉得很有挫折感呢？如果你的回答是肯定的话，请阅读本文吧！相信你会收获多多的。60In talking about su
30、ccess, the author thinks people feel frustrated because they_.A.often failB.struggle too hardC.know little about themselvesD.care too much about others thoughts答案：D细节理解题。由第二段可知，人们的挫折感在于太在意别人的看法。61What does the author ask us to do?A.Believe success is ahead.B.Learn from others to succeed.C.Gain as mo
31、re skills as possible.D.Set a suitable goal and stick to it.答案：D推理判断题。由第五段第一句话“You must set your own course of action, and stay on your course.”可知。62Which is true according to the text?A.It is important to do small things.B.What matters is the course of trying to succeed.C.You will be successful onc
32、e youve made up your mind.D.Whether one can succeed depends on his determination.答案：B推理判断题。由第六段“Here is the truth.Being a success is doing your best, not being the best.Success is not something you become; it is something you continue being.”可知，作者认为重要的是追求成功的过程，而不是结果。2.（2011湖北卷）CIn todays throw away
33、society, dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an inereasing challenge for the city countil(市议会)。 Recently. Edinburgh is faced with the problem of dssposing of(处理)about250,000Million tons of waster a year . Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner-largely throu
34、gh encouraging tecycling-its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it. The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waster are to hr disposed of. The five councils (Edinburgh. East Lothian. West Lothian. Midlethian a
35、nd Borders) face fine around $18million a year from 2013 it they dont inerease recycling levels and rely less on landfill. With this in mind, the coumlls got together with the idea of building a lage incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. But the plan fell ap
36、art after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.After the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys wast by train to a landf
37、ill site near Dunbar, offered an alternative soution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion. But soon they turned it downafter 700 local objection
38、s reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.That still leaves eth council with a problem. By 2013,only50%of 1995 levels of waste will benllewed to be sent to landfill. Even if recveling large are met, there will still be a lar
39、ge amount of rubbish to be burnt up. Due build an Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an ineinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.59. The main way of handling waste in a green manmer in Edinburgh is .A. recyeling B. restoring C. buryin
40、g D. burning60. The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to .A. reduce the roast of burying waste B. meets the EU requirements C. speed up waste recycling D. tempter landfill sites 61. The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Po
41、rtobello because .A. a name from a private company B. the comelier was not interested in it C. it was not supports by EUD. the local poodle was waist it 62. What is the final dream an Edinburgh and Midlothian Country? A. To open a new landfill nearby B. To close the powder hall landfill in 2015C. To
42、 set up a plan for burning wasteD. To persuade people to deduce their waste.【答案】ABDCSTREAMWOOD, IllFor years, attendance was small at Tefft Middle Schools yearly parent-teacher conferences, but the principal did not blame families for their poor responseInstead, she blamed the poor way the conferenc
43、es were conducted“Five years ago, the most important personthe studentwas left out of the parent-teacher conference,” Teffts principal, Lavonne Smiley, said“The old conferences were such a negative thing, so we turned it around,” allowing students not only to attend but also to lead the gatherings i
44、nstead of anxiously awaiting their parents return home with the teachers opinion on their classroom performanceRecently, 525 parents attended parent-teacher-student conferences, MsSmiley said, compared with 75 parents in 2003No appointments were needed, and everyone was welcome at the conferences th
45、is year, spread over two days that school officials called a Celebration of Learning“I think were learning that every school has its own DNA, and there is not a prescription for conferences that works for every school,” MsKinney said“There is such an increasingly diverse population at our nations sc
46、hools, the one-size-fits-all model conference just doesnt work anymore”At some schools, not only are students on hand for conferences, but their siblings are also welcome, as are grandparents, aunts and uncles, even family friendsWhen Mark Heller accepted a job as an assistant principal at the middl
47、e school in his hometown of Plano, Ill, he discovered that the community had changed a lot in the eight years he had been a teacher in IowaThe population had nearly doubled to 10,000 residents, and 37 percent of the students at Plano Middle School were now from low-income familiesThe traditional par
48、ent-teacher conferences without a student present are always available by appointment, and sometimes necessary, for example, to discuss a private matter concerning a non-custodial （无监护权的） parent, a family crisis the child is unaware of or a special education diagnosisStill, MrHeller is convinced tha
49、t a true dialogue concerning a students academic progress is impossible without both the child and the parent engaged and present, and with the teacher on hand to share impressions and answer any questions the parents have about homework, standardized test scores, behavior and other issues“At the st
50、udent-led conferences, our children are learning to be organized and capable adults someday,” MsIssa said“When I was growing up, my parents went to my conference, and I waited at home, scared they would come back with some concernsWith this new kind of conference, there are no secretsMy daughter is
51、learning that she is responsible for her own success”17What is mainly talked about in this text? AThe change of population in MrHellers hometownBThe way the parent-teacher conferences are conductedCThe people who take part in parent-teacher conferencesDThe percentage of attendants to parent-teacher
52、conferences18What was the population in Plano, Illwhen MrHeller became a teacher in Iowa eight years before? A3,700B20,000C10,000D5,00019The number of parents who attended parent-teacher-student conferences recently was _ times more than that in 2003Afive BsixCsevenDeight 20What does MsKinney mean by saying “every school has its own DNA? AEvery school is unique and differentBOne model fits all school conferencesCAll prescriptions do not work wellDThe population at schools is diverse参考答案 17-20 BDBA