1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题（22）及答案C72012重庆卷 E In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”， John Keynes，a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellow
2、s. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs. Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of in
3、satiable demands. Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. T
4、heir goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles pe
5、rfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the pric
6、e. By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_.A. desire is the root of both absolute
7、 and relative needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority. B. They find specialty important
8、 to meals. C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied. D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. 75. The author of the passage argues that _. A
9、. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable Chuman desires influence ideas of qualityD. relative needs decide most of our spending 【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对John Keynes观点的部分认同，但其后则是对其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求。72. C细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明John Keynes需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。
10、73. D推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。74. B词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。75. A推理判断题。第一段对John Keynes关于absolute needs的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对John Keynes关于relative needs是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰最大的是B选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的ar
11、gue在此是“质疑和争辩”的意思。Yao Yunchun, a 24-year-old author who frequently shops online in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has never been so impatient for her parcels as she is now. She has been counting every day while she waits for the products she ordered to arrive, as many deliveries have been delayed over
12、the past month.“It took more than a week for one of my parcels to arrive from Beijing while, in the past, it took only four days,”said Yao.She is just one of the many who like shopping on T, the countrys largest online shopping site, which has posted apologetic announcements to customers for the del
13、ays in deliveries.“Many parcels are still at the airport and cannot be delivered on time, but I think I will do my best.”Taobao clothes retailer(零售商) IM Shop said on its website. Meanwhile, major express delivery companies in China have put up notices saying they are ready to cope with the delay in
14、recent days.“It was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,”said Chen Shousong, an analyst with domestic research company Analysis International.Taobao Mall, the countrys largest business-to-customer shopping site by market shar
15、e, for example, rolled out a large-scale discount on November 11 in which 150 brands sold their products at half price. The discount attracted the attention of many e-shopping enthusiasts who spent 936 million yuan( $ 142 million) in just one day. The recent shortage of diesel oil, which restricts d
16、elivery vehicles capacity, and bad weather conditions in North China, also added to an already overloaded express delivery market.Bottlenecks in delivery often appear before long holidays, such as the coming Christmas and New Year holidays and the Chinese traditional Spring Festival holiday. Deliver
17、y employees often quit their jobs at that time when faced with lots of work and low pay. So some express delivery companies are applying to build their own teams, even airlines.64. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Waiting for the Postman Impatiently B. Shopping on T Conve
18、niently C. Arguing with Retailers Online Heatedly D. Suffering from Large-scale Discounts65. Why were many deliveries delayed last month? A. The airport didnt perform their duty properly. B. Some customers didnt pay enough money. C. Sales volume in online shopping goes up rapidly. D. Delivery compan
19、ies are short of vehicles.【答案】C【解析】根据第三段It was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,送货慢的原因是意为商家打折，网上订单剧增造成的，可知 C为正确答案。【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。66.The underlined word“enthusiasts”has the same meaning with . A. retailers B. customers C. p
20、roviders D. owners67. What would be continued with the passage? A. To attract more new delivery employees. B. To call off the holiday for the Spring Festival. C. To stop online shopping before holidays. D. To build e-commerce companies own delivery teams.【答案】D【解析】由文段最后一句一些快递公司正在创建自己的团队和航线可知，接下来文章就应该
21、讲网络商建立自己的快递团队，故D为正确答案。【考点定位】考查作者写作思路推理的能力。故事类-2012湖南卷 A What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt？Or is it the look on the recipients face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most? This Christmas I was debating what to give my fath
22、er. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father.My eyes fell on a pho
23、to of a flower taken in Wyoming，and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my
24、gift to my father.I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the creamcolored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe；my dad rec
25、ited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme
26、and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate. Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dads face as he unwrapped those swirlin
27、g black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.56. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was _.Adoing shoppingBhaving a debateCreading a message Dleaving for Wyoming57. The authors inspiration for the gift came from _. Aa photo of a flower
28、Ba story about a kid Ca call from the mother Da text about Christmas58. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by _. A. the father Bthe author CWilliam Blake DEdgar Allan Poe59. The author made the gift by _. Asearching for the poems online Bdrawing the background by hand Cpainting
29、 the letters in three colors Dmatching the words with pictures60. What is the main purpose of the passage? ATo show how to design images for gifts. BTo suggest making gifts from ones heart. CTo explain how computers help create gifts.D.To describe the gifts the author has received.【要点综述】作者一直不知道给父亲买什
30、么礼物，但是偶尔看到父亲的信息使其想到了爸爸“读诗歌”的爱好，因而用心制作了“诗配花”的图片礼物。最后作者看到父亲对待礼物的态度，知道自己做对了。56. C细节理解题。考查对文章细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章的第二段可知：作者拿出手机时看到了妈妈发来的信息，偶然看到了爸爸发来的信息。信息是一朵花，花儿使作者想到了爸爸的话，因而使作者想到了给爸爸的礼物。故选C。57. A细节理解题。考查对文章的细节的理解和判断能力。见上一题的解析。58. D词义猜测题。考查上下文中代词的指代。根据第三段中的I typed that out as well and searched online for a ba
31、ckground to the words of it.可知，作者在见到这首诗的同时“也”把它打出来了。这就是Edgar Allan Poe写的诗。故选D。59. D细节理解题。考查对文章细节的理解和判断能力。根据第三段的第二句可知：作者先在电脑上找到这种花，然后在花上打上字。可见其礼物是“配有文字的图片”。60. B推理判断题。考查对文章的言外之意进行复合逻辑的推理判断的能力。作者“诗配花”的礼物，灵感来自于爸爸的信息和小时候对爸爸的印象，这种礼物虽不昂贵，但确实是用心做出来的，爸爸收到礼物时的态度使得作者相信自己送对了礼物。A、C两项都是第三段的细节；D项与原文意思不符。故选B。A foo
32、d additive is any substance that is added to food. Many people are put off by the idea of“chemicals in food.”The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. Natural substances like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas. Some chemi
33、cal substances are indeed harmful, but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.The things we eat can be divided into natural and man-made substances. Some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man-made ingredients are to be avoided. But many nat
34、ural chemicals, found in plants and animals, are harmful when eaten, and some laboratory-made substances increase the nutritional value of food. Other chemicals have natural and man-made forms that are exactly alike: vitamin C is vitamin C, whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange. Like“c
35、hemical”,“man-made”doesnt necessarily mean“not fit to eat”.Food additives are used for many reasons. We add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better. Food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize, thicken, harden, keep wet, keep firm,
36、or improve the appearance of their products. Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious, give it a longer shelf life, and make it more attractive to the consumer, thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.Food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument.
37、 Food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe; some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market. Many people feel theres a risk of eating food to which anything has been added. But food additives are now regulated by the FDA o
38、f the federal government, and new additives are subjected to strict testing before they can be placed on the market. For most people, the chances of developing serious side effects from the long-term use of presently approved food additives are very slim.68. From the passage we can learn that . A. a
39、ll foods consist of chemical substances B. it is right to reject chemicals in food C. food additives are harmful to our health D. natural foods are much safer than man-made ones【答案】A【解析】由第一段The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals.事实上所有的食物都含有化学物质。可知A为正确答案。【考点定位】考查细节理解题。69. Which of the fol
40、lowing is TRUE according to the passage? A. Foods with more additives have higher nutritional value. B. To ensure food safety, the FDA will ban food additives. C. Foods free of additives can keep a much longer shelf life. D. Food additives can improve the quality of foods in many ways.【答案】D【解析】由第三段介
41、绍食品添加剂可以防潮，改善品味，提高营养等可知D为正确答案。【考点定位】考查细节理解题。70.We can infer from the regulation to the food additives by the FDA that . A. new additives will be approved more easily than before B. food producers wont be allowed to use new food additives C. food with common-used additives will be taken off the marke
42、t D. food additives will be used in a safer and more scientific way71. According to the writer, the food additive is . A. worrying B. acceptable C. poisonous D. avoidable We live in a very competitive world. Everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. Each week we spend hours playing
43、 or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. We cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.In sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. Where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely
44、. Some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.The following story makes this point.As two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. Its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! The first friend calculates that the bea
45、r will catch them in 27.3 seconds. At that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. She faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. To her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. On the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and
46、 putting on running shoes. “What do you think youre doing?”the first hiker says to her companion. “Youll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “Thats true,” says the companion,“but all I have to do is escape, faster than you.”We all compete when the motivation is strong enough. However, compe
47、tition is not the real purpose of life. Fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.Most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. There is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. This
48、means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. This is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. This is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. Every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. In this, I am not
49、referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person.72. The first 4 paragraphs tell us that competition . A. is necessary though harmful B. only exists in sports and business C. is unavoidable and beneficial D. is a fight against oneself73. Why is the story of two friends tol
50、d in the passage? A. To advise friends to be loyal even in competition. B. To expose the weak side of friendship when tested. C. To support the authors own argument on competition. D. To persuade people to beat others, even friends. 【答案】C【解析】由第2段作者提出他对竞争的观点，第三段The following story makes this point.可知
51、讲故事是为了证明自己的观点，故C为正确答案。来源: .Com【考点定位】考查作者写作意图题。74. From the last two paragraphs we learn that . A. competition plays an important role in social development B. we dont have to compete since we are all different C. we have to beat others in order to survive D. there is more to life than just competition75. As a whole the passage advises the readers to . A. realize we are living in a world of competition B. face competition in a balanced state of mind C. have a strong sense of being a possible winner D. value friendship however fierce competition may be