1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练精品题（13）及答案阅读理解课堂练学案（25）Passage Twenty-seven (Analysis and Interpretation of the News) The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the mean
2、ing of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbl
3、ing as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy a
4、nd dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough? As to the first query. Consider
5、how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall
6、 constitute the lead of the piece (This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where
7、it has little. Judgment Number Three. Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and th
8、eir “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete ob
9、jectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular
10、 plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a storypromoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is A. Interpreting the News. . Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes. D. Everything Counts.2. Why does the writer of a
11、n article select ten out of 50 available facts?A. Space is limited. . His editor is prejudiced.C. The subject is not important. D. He is entering choppy and dangerous.3. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news/A. Interpretation. . His editor is prejudiced.C. Placement. D. Concentration.4.
12、 Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.Vocabulary1. unalloyed 纯粹的，没有杂物的2. unslanted 无偏见的，不歪曲的3. scribble 胡写，乱写；粗制滥
13、造的文章4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集5. economic strain 经济紧张，压力6. embark on 开始，从事7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，变动频繁，紊乱8. query 疑问，质问9. come about 发生10. allotment 分配11. beacon 信标，灯塔，烽火12. murky 阴暗的，（雾等）浓的13. prop up 给撑腰，支持14. demote 使降级。相应词 promote15. news neutralism 无倾向性新闻，新闻中立主义16. lead （新闻等）导语，提要难句译注1. This is the most
14、 important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “
15、local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.结构简析 主从句，句中连用三个不定式，是实际的主语，也就是this 的内容。后跟宾语或宾语从句。参考译文 美国报界面临最重要的儿女物是向读者讲清今日存在的问题，使国际新闻像地区社区新闻一样明白易懂，使他们认识到不再有什么“本地”新闻这类事情（社团或俱乐部粗制滥造的文章可能要除外），
16、因为国际上任何新闻在人力征用，募集，经济负担，事实上在生活的各方面都会引起地区反应。2. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.结构简析 the swirling是说明语。参考译文 报界有一种普遍存在的观点：当你从事解释新闻的工作（对新闻进行解释时），你就进入了波浪滔天，险情还生的水域，意见漩掀的浪潮。3. And the
17、y are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.结构简析 句中有定语从句in which 修饰interpretation. 定从中calling on 分词短语作伴随状态，修饰reporter an
18、d editor。参考译文 这些判断评价就像解释新闻多涉及的判断一样。在这里，记者和编辑要动用他们的新闻调查研究资源，他们一般的背景材料以及新闻“中立”态度来得出有关新闻意义的结论。4. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though
19、 complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.)结构简析 a note in passing 义；顺便说一句，附带的谈一下。参考译文 这两个判断领域：提供新闻内容和解说新闻领域可不是主观过程，而是客观过程也就是说，要像任何人能做到的那样客观。顺便说一句，就算达不到绝对的客观，那客观的理想必须始终如一的是迷雾漫漫新航道上的信标。写作方法与文章大意 文章论及“新闻评价”问题。采用一般到具体手法。文章一开始
20、就提出新闻要客观，真实的事实，解释要清楚，使读者明白今日世界的问题。国内外大事和我们生活休戚相关。然后讲述选材过程，版面布置。最后谈到提供和解说新闻中评价要客观。答案祥解1. A. 解释新闻。文章虽提及两个领域（见难句译注4），但重点在解释（见难句译注2）。提供是“解说”的前提，但作为标题不合适，因为它是作为“解释”的对比而写的。（见难句译注3 not at all unlike及难句译注4 are both objective rather than）B. 选择事实。这只是提供新闻中一个具体步骤。 C. 主观对客观过程。也是一个具体方面（见难句译注4）。 D. 一切都要算在内。涉及面太广，文
21、内没提及。2. A. 版面空间有限。第四段三句：“举例说，记者收集50条新闻事实。他从50条中选出10条他认为是最重要的新闻，因为他的版面空间分配必定有所限制。”B. 他的编辑有偏见。不对。 C. 他的文章主题不重要。 不对。 D. 他进到了波浪滔天的危险水域（见难句译注2）。这是讲新闻解释。3. A. 解说。最后一段最后三句：“如果编辑想要歪曲新闻，他可以采用其他办法，远比解说要有效的多。他可以通过选择支持他的观点的才，或通过他给每条新闻所定的位置达到歪曲的目的提升到头版，或者降低到三十版。”这段话说明其它办法歪曲新闻比解说新闻来歪曲有效的多。B. 选材。 C. 定位。 D. 集中。4. C
22、. 有些读者不读一段以下的问心，这是常识。有的读者就读大标题。A. 它将影响读者继续读下去。 B. 这是最佳的写作方法。 D. 这会使编辑高兴。阅读理解-EEvery autumn Linda Krentz felt her brain go on strike. “I just couldnt get going in the morning,” she says. “Id get depressed(抑郁的) and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read about sea
23、sonal emotional problem, a form of depression that occurs in autumn and winter, and she saw the light. Every morning now she turns on a special light box for half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking its still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to work.Krentz is no
24、t alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression. Theres never been final conclusion that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference.Until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light treatment works bette
25、r than a placebo(安慰剂) but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening. Why does light treatment work? No one really knows. “Our research suggests it has something to do with the change of the bodys internal(内部的) clock,” says psychiatrist Dr. Lewey. The body is p
26、rogrammed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. But why such small changes make some people depressed and not others is a mystery.That hasnt stopped thousands of winter depressive patients from trying to heal themselves. Light boxes for that purpose
27、 are available without a doctors prescription(处方). That bothers psychologist Michael Terman. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that cant be treated with light.“You should at least choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatever product you use should give
28、 out only visible light, because ultraviolet(紫外线) light damages the eyes. If you are light-sensitive, you may develop a skin problem.” a doctor warned his patient. Though the main drawback is having to sit in front of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning, thats an inconvenience many winter
29、depressive patients can live with.67. What is the probable cause of Krentzs problem?A. Her seasonal change of body weight.B. A strange disease of her nervous system.C. Her poor eyesight in autumn and winter.D. Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes.68. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw
30、 the light”(Line 4, Para. 1), the author means that she “_”.A. learned how to lose weightB. realized what her problem wasC. came to see the importance of lightD. became light-hearted and cheerful69. What is the recent view concerning the treatment of seasonal depression with bright lights?A. Its eff
31、ect remains to be seen. B. It serves as a kind of placebo.C. It proves to be effective. D. It hardly produces any effects.70. What is psychologist Michael Termans major concern?A. Depressive patients will be addicted to using light boxes.B. Patients may give up light treatment because of inconvenien
32、ce.C. Light boxes will produce harmful ultraviolet lights.D. Light treatment could be misused by certain mental patients.【答案】67-70、DBCD阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题，每题2分，满分50分）第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThis is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because onc
33、e we truly see this truth, we transcend（超越） it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain ab
34、out their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving probl
35、ems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as
36、 well as joy.Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems f
37、or our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, those things that hurt, instruct. It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems. 41. From the passage, it can be inferred that
38、 _. A. everybody has problems B. we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain D. people like to complain about their problems 42. The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to _. A. save space B. p
39、ersuade readers C. make readers laugh D. get readers attention 43. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _. A. most people feel life is easy B. the writer feels life is easy C. the writer likes to complain about his problems D. most people complain about how hard their lives are 44. According to the
40、passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to_. A. encourage them to learn B. teach them to fear the pain of solving the problem C. help them learn to deal with pain D. teach them how to respect from problems 45. The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggests that _. A. we do not learn from experience B. we do not learn when we are in painC. pain teaches us important lessonsD. pain cannot be avoided【参考答案】41-45 BDDAC