1、话题九灾害防范对应教材Book 1Unit 4EarthquakesBook 6Unit 5The power of nature(一)核心素养下的话题解读“灾害防范”是高中课程标准中“人与自然”主题语境内容要求之一，该内容包括“自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护”等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关。高考英语通过这些话题让学生对自然灾害有所了解，从而提高对自然灾害的防范意识、了解相关安全常识，了解在自然灾害来临时采用适当的防范措施、做好自我保护。高考探究“灾害防范”这个话题在近几年高考中并无涉及。(二)构建思维导图，提升思维品质图一Book 1Unit 4Earthquakes图二Book
2、6Unit 5The power of nature(三)根据思维导图，完成概要写作图一：概要写作Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei, including well waters rising and falling, chickens and pigs failing to eat, mices running and fishs jumping. Unfortunately, people thought little of that. Instead, they slept soundly
3、 that night.At 3：42 am everything began to shake, as if the world was at an end! In a flash, the city lay in ruins, causing more than 400,000 people were killed or injured. To make matters worse, the following earthquake left some of the rescue workers and doctors trapped under the ruins.All hope wa
4、s not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Shelters were built and food and water were sent, making the city begin to breathe again.图二：概要写作As an volcanologist, I have the greatest job in the w
5、orld. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont mind because it can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and save many people. Twenty years ago I was appointed to collect information for a database about Mount Kilauea. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other sc
6、ientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. The first time for me to watch the crater was exciting. Though it was not easy to walk in these protective suits, we finally made it to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.Today, I am just en
7、thusiastic about my job. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.Book 1Unit 4Earthquakes1A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling on/upon us to join in the actions for a greener ear
8、th.地球日前一周，学校到处张贴了海报，号召我们加入绿色地球活动当中。2The International High School Student Photography Show was successfully held as scheduled, raising peoples awareness of environmental protection.国际中学生摄影大赛如期成功举办，提高了人们的环保意识。3Only if we make considerable efforts to protect the environment can we enjoy its glorious c
9、ivilization.只有我们付出大量努力保护环境，才能享受到它带来的灿烂文明。4Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适、更美妙的环境中。自主排查 夯基固本核心单词(1)burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发burst (过去式/过去分词)(2)ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破产(3)injure (vt.) 损害；伤害injury (n.) 伤害；损害injured (adj.) 受伤的(4)destroy
10、 (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁(5)shock (vt.& vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的shocked (adj.) 震惊的(6)rescue (n.& vt.) 援救；营救(7)trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境trapped (过去式/过去分词)(8)bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏buried (过去式/过去分词)(9)frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening (adj.) 令
11、人恐惧的(10)congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate (vt.) 祝贺(11)judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.) 断定；判断；判决judgement (n.) 判断力；识别力(12)express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递expression (n.) 表达；表情阅读单词(1)nation (n.) 民族；国家；国民(2)suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦(3)extreme (adj.) 极度的(4)useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的(5)electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学(6
12、)disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸(7)shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处(8)damage (n.& vt.) 损失；损害(9)sincerely (adv.) 真诚地；真挚地单句语法填空1Larry told Linda that she should not move in case she _ (injure) her neck.答案：injured2When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in _ (ruin)答案：ruins3A sudden stop c
13、an be a very _ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at a high speed.答案：frightening4Water had gone into the mobile phone, and it was completely _ (use)答案：useless5The art world gave me a chance _ (express) myself without words.答案：to express6Natalies school was so _ (damage) that she
14、 had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.答案：damaged7I _ (sincere) hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.答案：sincerely8Death finally brought an end to her _ (suffer)答案：suffering9According to his _ (judge), this calligraphy by Wang Xizhi is priceless.答案：judgment/judgement1
15、0It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene _ (rescue) the survivors of the plane crash.答案：to rescue联想积累1“自然灾害”单词荟萃disaster n. 灾难；不幸earthquake n. 地震drought n. 旱灾；干旱flood n. 洪水；水灾eruption n. (火山)喷发hurricane n. 飓风tsunami n. 海啸2“AAA”式不规则变化动词burstburstburst 爆发castcastcast 投；抛costcostcost 值
16、；花费cutcutcut 割hithithit 打中hurthurthurt 损伤letletlet 让putputput 放；放下readreadread 读；阅读ridridrid 去掉setsetset 安放shutshutshut 关闭splitsplitsplit 分裂spreadspreadspread 展开；传播1dig_out掘出；发现2judging_from/by 从判断3right_away 立刻；马上4think_little_of 轻视；认为没什么了不起5a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的6as_if/though 仿佛；好像7be proud of
17、 以为自豪8at an end 结束；终结9in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪10be trapped in 陷入11be buried in 埋头于(学习、工作等)12burst out 爆发选词填空1When you are exposed to the beautiful scenery in Zhangjiajie, it seems _ you were in a dream land.答案：as if2_ the style of this painting, it must be painted by Qi Baishi.答案：Judging from3Hardly had t
18、hey heard the erhu play The Moon Over a Fountain (二泉映月) when the audience _ cheering.答案：burst out4Every month, _ Chinese knots are sold all over the world online.答案：a great number of5Her son graduated from college, and her worry and sorrow was _.答案：at an end6After he graduated from college with exce
19、llent academic performance, he landed a good job _.答案：right away联想积累1表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃right awayat onceimmediately right nowin no time instantly2“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达be buried in be occupied withbe devoted to be lost inbe absorbed in apply oneself to课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pi
20、gs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。too . to . “太而不能”He was _ (病得太重而不能出行).2.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。everywhere “无论在哪里”，可以引导地点状语从句，此时，相当于wherever或者no matter where。The book you sent to me on my birthday kept me company _ (无论在哪里) I went at
21、 college. 答案：1.too ill to travel2.everywhere/wherever/no matter where直击重点 突破考点burstvi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发(P26)单句写作As soon as I appeared on stage, wearing Hanfu made by ourselves, the audience _.当我身着我们自己制作的汉服出现在舞台上，观众爆发出热烈的欢呼声。I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils _.我正在
22、教外国友人学京剧，这时，一群小学生闯了进来。When I was awarded, my classmates gave out _.当我领奖的时候，同学们热烈鼓掌。答案：burst out cheering/burst into cheersburst ina burst of applause(1)burst in 突然闯进；突然出现burst into . 闯入；突然起来burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫burst into laughterburst out laughing 突然大笑起来burst into tearsburst out crying 突然大哭起来(2
23、)a burst of 一阵a burst of laughter 一阵大笑burst into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但burst into后面接名词，burst out后面接动名词。ruinn. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产(P26)单句写作In the past the temple was _， but now it has turned into an entertainment center.以前，这座寺庙是一座废墟，现在变成了休闲娱乐中心。The investment from the government stopped the vi
24、neyards from _.政府的投资，阻止了葡萄园的衰败。答案：in ruinsfalling into ruin(1)in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring . to ruin 使毁灭；使没落fall in/into ruin 成为废墟(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉injurevt. 损害；伤害(P26)单句写作When doing exercise, do be careful not to _.锻炼时一定要小心，以免受伤。With the help of the volunteers, _ were s
25、aved in time.在志愿者的帮助下，受伤人员及时得到了救助。答案：get injuredthe injured(1)be/get injured 受伤(2)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤者；伤员(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)(3)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人shockvt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊(P26)单句语法填空When I told them the whole thing, they were all _ shock, and they c
26、ouldnt believe it.She was taken to hospital, apparently _ (shock)The reason for this _ (shock) attack seemed to be racial hatred.答案：inshockedshocking(1)in shock 吃惊地；震惊地(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)吃惊的；震惊的be shocked by 因震惊/受到打击(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人震惊的；惊人的judgen. 法官；裁判员vt. 判断；断定；判决(P30)单句语法填空Never judg
27、e a book _ its cover._ (judge) from what he said, he was confident to win the first prize in the Chinese Character Dictation Contest (汉字听写大赛)It was due to luck rather than _ (judge) that the driver succeeded in avoiding the accident.答案：byJudgingjudgement(1)judging from/by . 根据来判断(2)judge sb./sth. fr
28、om/by . 以来判断某人/某物judge sb./sth. (to be) . 判定某人/某物为(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力judging from/by . 置于句首作状语。v. ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking “一般来说”，frankly speaking “坦白地说”，considering . “考虑到”。at an end 结束；终结(P26)单句写作When the exam was _， a satisfactory smile spread across his face.考试结束时
29、，他脸上露出满意的笑容。He travelled abroad after graduation, and _ Tai Chi to the local people.毕业后他出国旅游，结果给当地人当了太极教练。Go straight and youll find the hospital _.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到那家医院。The study tour _， but its influence rooted deep in my heart.游学结束了，但是它的影响深深扎根在我心里。答案：at an endended up teachingat the end of the ro
30、adcame to an end(1)at the end of 在尽头；在末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时连用)in the end 最后；终于(2) 使结束come to an end 完成；结束(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(4)end up with 以结束end up doing sth.以而告终a (great) number of 许多；大量的(P27)(1)单句语法填空As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners _ (learn)
31、Chinese as a second language.A great deal of money _ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.Learning the facts that large quantities of soil _ (wash) away, the villagers took action to stop it.答案：are learningwas donatedwere being washed(2)单句改错The number of ric
32、h people have admitted that despite their success, they arent happy._答案：TheA(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语动词不可数名词教材原句It seemed as if the world was at an end! (P26)世界似乎到了末日！(1)单句语法填空When a chopstick is partly in water, it seems as if it _ (be) broken.I dont feel myself today. I seem _ (catch) a cold.答案：w
33、ereto have caught(2)单句写作_ all the middle school students are longing to know about their zodiac signs.好像所有的中学生都渴望了解自己的星座。答案：It seems as if(1)It seems/seemed as if . 看样子好像Itseems/seemed (to sb.)that . (对某人来说)好像；似乎seem (to be) adj./现在分词/过去分词/介词短语 好像seem to do/be doing/have done 好像要做/在做/已经做了There seems
34、/seemed to be . 好像有(2)此处as if引导表语从句。(3)as if也可以引导状语从句。如果as if引导的从句表示真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(4)当从句中说话人所陈述的是不真实的或者极少可能发生或者存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词的形式如下表：与现在事实相反从句时态用一般过去时(be动词常用were)与过去事实相反从句时态用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might动词原形教材原句All hope was not lost. (P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)单句写作_ the efforts will
35、 be harvested, but all the harvest must be paid.不是所有的付出都会有所收获，但所有的收获都必须有付出。When it came to planting trees that weekend, _ failed to sign our names.谈到那周末的植树活动，没有人不签名。答案：Not allnone of us(2)单句改错I love running, but no everybody is born to be a runner._I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agre
36、e with something._答案：nonotsomethingeverythingall . notnot all . 表示部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each, everybody, everything, all, both等)、形容词(complete, whole等)和副词(completely, always, wholly, altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no, none, never, nobody, neither, nothing, no more, no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构
37、成全部否定。教材原句Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. (P30)评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。单句语法填空About 100 people attended the meeting, most of _ I was not familiar with.There is a saying _ says, “The reading of all good books is like a conv
38、ersation with the finest men of past centuries.”Whats more, I get along with others easily, _ is especially useful for a volunteer.Lu Xun, _ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote many novels and essays.答案：whomthat/whichwhichwhose(1)这是一个含有两个从句的复合句，all of whom引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中whom指代five judges；而agreed后面跟了一个th
39、at引导的宾语从句。在定语从句中，(2)在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：连接主从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。关系代词的基本用法：指代对象指代人指代物使用情况主语who, thatwhich, that从句中缺少主语宾语whom, thatwhich, that从句中缺少宾语定语whosewhose先行词与关系代词后的名词有所属关系课
40、文回练 升华运用A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in _1_ thousands of people died and many were injured. Many houses fell down and sand _2_ (fill) the wells instead of water. People were _3_ (great) shocked. All the electricity in the city was cut _4_ and people began to wonde
41、r how long the disaster would last. The whole city was completely _5_ (destroy) and it seemed as if the world was at an _6_. The people of Tangshan didnt lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent _7_ (help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those who _8_ (trap). Worker
42、s also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. _9_ (slow), the city began to come back to life. _10_ was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Fish jumped out of the pond
43、s. Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of them.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._答案：1.which2.filled3.greatly4.off5.destroyed6end7.to help8.were trapped9.Slowly10.It基础达标 自主训练.单句语法填空1When _ (trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.答案：trappedbe trapped in
44、 “被困在”。此处用的是省略句式。相当于When you are trapped。2After she heard the news, there was an excited _ (express) on her face.答案：expression由空格前的“an excited”可知，应填名词 expression “表情”。3When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings _ (destroy)答案：were destroyed动词destroy “
45、毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。4When my winter vacation came to _ end, I was recognized as the “Outstanding Volunteer” because of the time and efforts I had put in.答案：ancome to an end “结束”。5Dont forget to praise him _ (sincere) when someone does something good.答案：sincerely副词 sincerely “真诚地”，在此
46、处修饰动词praise。6Fortunately, the two passengers escaped without any _ (injure)答案：injury前面是介词without，介词后用名词作宾语。7Thank you for your letter conveying _ (congratulate) on my appointment.答案：congratulations由空格前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation “祝贺”，且常用复数形式。8Im greatly _ (shock) to learn that, absorbed in
47、your iPhone, you were knocked down by a car on your way home.答案：shockedshocked “震惊的”。9The government thinks _ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.答案：highlythink highly of “高度评价”，是固定搭配。10In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter _ the rain.答案：fromshelt
48、er from the rain “躲雨”。.单句写作1The weather was fine, so _ (许多) people went to climb the Great Wall.答案：a large number of2_ (埋头于) reading, he failed to get off the bus at the right stop.答案：Buried in3Night fell, accompanied by the strong wind. _ it was going to rain.夜幕降临，大风随之而来，看起来要下雨。答案：It looked as if4_
49、操场上的学生们对我们的飞机模型评价很高。(think highly of)答案：The students on the playground thought highly of our model plane.5_从他的书写来判断，他汉语一定学得好。答案：Judging from his handwriting, he must be good at Chinese.语法填空(2019湖北名校联盟三模押题第三套)Earthquakes can be destructive. Unfortunately, we dont have a _1_ (rely) way to predict. But
50、 technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation. China is building the worlds largest earthquake alert system and its _2_ (possible) the most advanced. Engineers _3_ (set) up over 15,000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web. _4_ an earthquake happens, the sensors can
51、send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary peoples smartphones.The signal travels at almost light speed and faster than the earthquake shaking, _5_ (give) local people a little time to prepare, and the system can usually send messages to people thin less than two seconds. Its lif
52、esaving. The system, _6_ can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only detecting the _7_ (move) of the continents but also calculating the possible impact _8_ an earthquake. It will automatically warn local people, making _9_ (it) mu
53、ch faster than human observation. The system, overseen by Chinas Ministry of Emergency Management, is set _10_ (complete) in 2022.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国正在建造世界上最大的地震预警系统，该系统将可能是世界最先进的预警系统。1reliable考查词性转换。修饰名词way，用形容词形式。故填reliable。2possibly考查副词。用副词作状语，修饰the most advanced。故
54、填possibly。3are setting考查动词的时态。根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知，这里用现在进行时。故填are setting。4When/If/Once/After考查状语从句的连接词。这几个词均符合上下文语境。句意：当/如果/一旦/地震发生时(地震发生后)，传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲。故填When/If/Once/After。5giving考查非谓语动词。现在分词作状语，表示补充说明或伴随。故选giving。6which考查定语从句的引导词。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代指先行词the system，故填which。7movement
55、/move考查名词。根据语境可知此处应填名词，move的名词有两种，即movement或move。故填movement/move。8of考查介词。这里表示所属关系，表示“地震造成的影响”。故填of。9itself考查代词。making的逻辑主语为句子的主语it，即the system。it作主语时，用反身代词itself作宾语，代替语境中的“预警系统本身”。故填itself。10to be completed考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语“in 2022”可知，这里用不定式的一般式表示将来要进行的动作。句中主语The system与complete之间为被动关系，故用被动形式。故填to be
56、 completed。.短文改错A mooncake is a Chinese bakery product traditional eaten during the MidAutumn Festival, when is one of the four most important Chinese festivals. The festival is for lunar appreciation and moon watching. Meanwhile mooncakes are regarded as the necessary part. Mooncakes are offered be
57、tween friends or on family gatherings, and today it is customary for people present mooncakes to others as presents. This helps to fuel a demand in highend mooncakes. Due to Chinas influence, mooncakes and the MidAutumn Festival is also enjoyed and celebrated in some Asian country beyond China. Moon
58、cakes have also been appeared in the Western world as a form of taste food.答案：A mooncake is a Chinese bakery product eaten during the MidAutumn Festival, is one of the four most important Chinese festivals. The festival is for lunar appreciation and moon watching. Meanwhile mooncakes are regarded as
59、 necessary part. Mooncakes are offered between friends or on family gatherings, today it is customary for people present mooncakes to others as presents. This helps to fuel a demand highend mooncakes. Due to Chinas influence, mooncakes and the MidAutumn Festival also enjoyed and celebrated in some Asian beyond China. Mooncakes have also appeared in the Western world as a form of food.难项分析：第二处：whenwhich考查定语从句的引导词。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the MidAutumn Festival，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。第六处：infor考查介词。demand “需求”常跟介词for搭配，表示“对的需求”。第七处：isare考查主谓一致。主语是and连接的两个并列名词短语mooncakes和the MidAutumn Festival，故谓语要用复数形式。