1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习（19）及答案阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAlmost anyone who has read a travel brochure about Africa has heard of elephants getting drunk from the fruit of the marula tree. It is said that elephants can get drunk by eating the fermented (发酵) fruit ro
2、tting on the ground. Books have even been written to prove the truth of the phenomenon. But a study published in the journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology tells a very different story. Steve Morris, a biologist at the University of Bristol in England and an author of the study, says there is
3、 nothing in the biology of either the African elephant or the marula fruit to support the stories. Morris says, “ people just want to believe in drunken elephants.”The marula tree, a member of the same family as the mango, grows widely in Africa. Its sweet, yellow fruit is used for making jam, wine
4、and beer. “The first mistake of the drunken-elephant theory is that its unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, ” Morris says. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not when its rotten on the ground, ” he explains. Other experts add that if an elephant were to eat the
5、 fruit on the ground, it wouldnt wait for the fruit to ferment. Michelle Gadd, an African wildlife specialist, says that elephants and many other animals, including birds and monkeys, are too fond of marula fruit to let it rot. If fermented fruit on the ground is out of the question, so is the notio
6、n that the fruit could ferment in the stomach of elephants, according to the study authors. Food takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an elephants digestive system, the authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment. Supposing that this happened, its still highly improbable
7、 that the food would produce enough alcohol to make an elephant drunk. Through calculations of body weight, elephant digestion rates, and other factors, the authors conclude that it would take about 1.9 litres of ethanol(乙醇) to make an elephant drunk.56. We can learn from the passage that _. A. it i
8、s not easy to find marula fruit in the wild in Africa B. African elephants dont like to eat marula fruit at all C. marula fruit can be made into food or drink consumed by people D. birds and monkeys in Africa like to eat rotten marula fruit 57. According to Paragraph 6, marula fruit is likely to fer
9、ment _. A. in about 12 hours B. in about 34 hours C. between 12 and 46 hours D. in more than 46 hours 58. According to Mr. Morris, which of the following is TRUE? A. Elephants just eat the fruit right off the tree. B. Elephants will not eat the fruit which is rotten. C. The marula tree and the mango
10、 belong to different families.D. There are several connections between Elephants and the marula fruit.59 . What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph probably refer to ? A. Elephants getting drunk. B. Marula fruit fermenting in elephants stomachs. C. Elephants eating rotten marula fr
11、uit. D. Elephants eating marula trees directly. 57.【答案】D【解析】根据本段中“Food takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an elephants digestive system, the authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment. ”可知答案。【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。58.【答案】B【解析】根据第四段中“The first mistake of the drunken-elephant t
12、heory is that its unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, ” Morris says. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not when its rotten on the ground”一句可知。【考点定位】考查细节理解。59.【答案】B【解析】“Supposing that this happened, its still highly improbable that the food would produce enough
13、 alcohol to make an elephant drunk.”这句话的意思是假设这种果实在大象体内能发酵，那它产生的乙醇也不足以使大象醉倒。【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。 （济南市2011届高三教学质量调研） Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify develop much sooner than most parents realize. Kristy vanMarle,
14、professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants(婴儿)are able to quantify substances(物质)like sand or wateras early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amoun
15、t，especially when it comes to food. With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups：one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount. Several stud
16、ies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see；however, infants dont seem to count things like water or sand. vanMarle said. What were saying is that they can quantify substances；its just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes
17、 into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one. This information further refutes(驳斥)the long-held idea that babies know nothing of the world. vanMarle said. Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensi
18、tive measures. weve discovered a 1ot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that theres somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world，and that knowledge is guiding their development. vanMarle said. In the future. vanMarle says this kind
19、of study could be linked to a childs progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities. such as Baby Einstein，still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.（3)Babies choose the larger amount of food_.A. by saying numbersB. with the help of parentsC. O
20、n personal preferenceD. through their natural abilities(4)We can learn from the text that_.A. some parents dont care about their kidsB. people used to think the world is known to babiesC. little research has been done on infantsD. scholars have different opinions on baby- training programs(5)Whats t
21、he best title of the text?A. Breakthrough in Baby StudiesB. Amazing Baby-training IdeasC. Early Human AbilitiesD. Unique Quantifying Methods【解析】新的研究发现婴儿具有很强的数量概念，他们几乎总是本能地选择数量较多的物体，尤其在食物方面，这种突破性科学发现有力地驳斥了长期以来认为婴儿对世界一无所知的观点。 (1)C推理判断题。由文章内容可知，婴儿几乎总是挑选数量多的物体，由此可推断这种能力指的是区分物体数量的能力。(2)B段落大意题。第四段介绍的是耗时15
22、年的几个研究的科学发现，故选B项。(3)D推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到婴儿具有认知世界的一些基本知识.由此可推断他们选择数量比较多的食物是本能的体现。(4)D细节理解题。根据最后一段后半部分中的内容可知学者们就婴儿培训计划存在分歧。(5)A 标题概括题。新的研究发现婴儿具有数量意识，从而驳斥了长期以来认为他们对世界一无所知的观点，显然是婴儿研究方面的突破。 （2011年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考） Looking back on Chinas road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth. In
23、 the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years. After Chinas first satellite into the Earths orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions from 1999 to 2002.The country carried out its first one-pi
24、loted space flight in 0ctober, 2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough oil October 12,2005,when Shenzhou 6, Chinas second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew
25、of two astronauts. Whats more, the landmark(里程碑)spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang ,one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept.25,2008,Leads the country further in its space exploration. Meanwhile, Chinas moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fi
26、fry years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the worlds first man made satellite, Chinas first circumlunar(绕月的)satellite Change l took off on Oct.24,2007,which became another milestone in Chinas space achievements after the. above-men-tioned manned flights. Change l was expected to fulfill fou
27、r scientific goals, one of which was to probe(探测)mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on the Earth. Its said that the 1unar regolith(月壤)is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earths energy demands for more than a century. Nearly 3 years later,Oct.1.2010 wit
28、nessed the blasting off of Change 2.Chinas 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Change 3 and Change 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future. With great expectations, people all over the world
29、 are looking forward to Chinas greater space achievements.(1)According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. China sent its first satellite into the moons orbit in 1970.B. China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight.C. By now, altogether 5 astronauts have made successful sp
30、aceflight by Shenzhou spaceship.D. The launching of Change l became the third milestone in Chinas space achievements.(2)Paragraph 2 mainly deals with information about Chinas_.A. landmark spacewalk B. manned Shenzhou missionsC. first circumlunar satellite D. unmanned Shenzhou missions(3)We can infer
31、 from the text that_.A. Chinas road to outer space has not been very smooth for a long timeB. the lunar regolith is believed to be rich in a clean flue called helium-3C. Chinas lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007D. Chinas scientists are researching into techniques for
32、 soft lunar landing(4)What can be the best title for the text.A. Ancient Chineses DreamB. Chinas Major Space AchievementsC. Chinas Moon ExplorationD. The Worlds Great Expectations【解析】 这篇文章回顾了中国太空探索所取得的成就神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星的成功发射。 (1)D正误判断题。根据第二段中的first one-piloted space flight in October，2003以及Then came a
33、nother breakthrough on October 12,2005，再结合第三段中的Change 1. which became another milestone. 可知嫦娥一号的成功发射是中国太空探索的第三个里程碑。(2)B段落大意题。该段主要介绍了第一次载人航天飞行以及“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”载人航天飞行，故选B项。(3)D推理判断题。A、B两项是直接信息，故排除。由文章倒数第二段最后一句内容可推知：中国科学家正在研究在月球上软着陆技术。(4)B主旨大意题。这篇文章围绕“神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星发射”而展开，故B项作为标题最合适。Froli Cat DartWhile c
34、ats require less attention compared to dogs, that doesnt mean you can just leave them at home all day long. No sir, they too, need some level of attention and will have to keep themselves occupied mentally and physically too. Well, FroliCat Dart makes it possible. Just what is the FroliCat Dart all
35、about? Well, for starters, this device delivers 360 rotation (旋转) that will project laser patterns on the floor, letting your feline (猫科动物) friend chase after it. Portable USB Power SupplyWith modern gadgets, running out of juice happens to some of us more often, simply because todays devices seem t
36、o suck up more juice than before. Thats why the Portable USB Power Supply comes in handy, being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three months when in standby，it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone
37、 brands.Battery Powered GlovesFor those living in the northern hemisphere，we are pretty sure that you have already stocked up on your winter supplies to make sure you remain nice and warm throughout the upcoming freezing months. Well, wearing a pair of the Battery Powered Hand Warming Gloves is nece
38、ssary so as to keep your palms and fingers warm. These gloves come with battery-powered integral (不可或缺的) heating elements which is capable of keeping your hands nice and warm for up to eight hours. It requires a quartet of AA batteries in each glove, and since both gloves are fully lined with a wate
39、rproof, breathable material, they might just come in handy during your next snowball fight. Too bad it comes only in one color-black.60. How does FroliCat Dart work? A. It can make cats run around your house. B. It can project laser patterns to make cats chase. C. It can make cats much sleepier than
40、 before. D. It can provide food and drink for cats.61. From the second paragraph, we know that_ A. Lack of power happens to some of us less often than before. B. The adapter tips cater for all kinds of cell phone brands. C. The Portable USB Power Supply can charge for some phones. D. The Portable US
41、B Power Supply can only last for three months. 62. Where do the Battery Powered Gloves sell well? A. Iceland B. India C. Australia D Singapore 【文章大意】本文是三篇广告。60.【答案】B 【解析】从第一则广告最后一句可知答案。【考点定位】考查细节查找。61.【答案】C 【解析】从第二则广告后面部分“-being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three months when in standby，it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone brands.”可知答案。