1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（37）及答案阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AA simple flower made headlines in the British press last week. How could that be?British Prime Minister David Cameron and his ministers were attending a reception hosted by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao in the Great Hall of the People in Beij
2、ing. They insisted on wearing poppies(罂粟花) in their buttonholes. Whats wrong with that?According to the Global Times, Chinese officials apparently had asked the UK delegation not to wear poppies. The British said that poppies meant a great deal to them on that day and they would wear them all the sa
3、me. So whats the significance of the poppy? Its a flower which has different cultural and symbolic meanings for British and Chinese people.From the Chinese point of view, the poppy is a symbol of Chinas humiliation at the hands of European powers in the Opium Wars of the 19th century. Britain forced
4、 China to open the borders to trade including in the opium which was made from poppies grown in India.Yet from the British viewpoint the poppy is a reminder of the killing during World War I. Red poppies grew on the battlefields of Flanders in Belgium where many thousands of British soldiers died or
5、 were buried. Since then, Poppy Day (November 11) has become a time in the UK to wear poppies and remember the sacrifices of British soldiers and civilians in times of war. So you can see that the poppy sets off strong feelings in the hearts of Chinese and British people for different reasons. And i
6、t makes sense for us to try to understand each others standpoint.Of course cultural differences can also be interesting and funny. And what one nation thinks is an acceptable gift may be viewed differently by their guests from overseas. US President Barack Obama gave a gift of an iPod to Britains Qu
7、een a dull person with no interest in music. Obama also presented Gordon Brown with a fine selection of American movies. But they were in US format and impossible to play on British DVD players. Many countries have diplomats stationed overseas. Diplomats provide information and advice to their gover
8、nments back home. However, sometimes it would seem that even diplomats can overlook the cultural significance of a small flower. 1. British Prime Minister David Cameron probably attended a reception in Beijing on _.A. October 1 B. November 11C. December 31D. January 112. The poppy reminds the Chines
9、e of _.A. the shame caused by European countries in the 19th centuryB. the British soldiers who were killed and buried during World War IC. the Chinese soldiers killed during World War IID. the suffering caused by Britain during World War I3. The diplomatic problem in Beijing is mainly caused by _.A
10、. the translation mistake B. the language difference C. the cultural difference D. the different lifestyle4. We can infer that _.A. Britains Queen is not interested in artB. Gordon Brown was fond of American movies US President Barack Obama sent himC. US President Barack Obama received a gift for mu
11、sicD. Britains Queen may not like the iPod US President Obama presented her5. What is the main idea of the 9th paragraph?A. Cultural differences can also be interesting and funnyB. Cultural differences can cause a big problemC. US President Barack Obama likes to present gifts to other leadersD. US l
12、eaders and British leaders get along well with each other参考答案 BACDA C82013浙江卷 C The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will
13、approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). During the
14、first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth an
15、d one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitu
16、tes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of thei
17、r time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged
18、(长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,
19、 the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins
20、to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more ti
21、me playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 51After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the
22、 wire mother because the former is _. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 53It can be inferred
23、that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54The main purpose
24、of the passage is to _. A. give the reasons for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50A考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, w
25、arm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。51D考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。 52C考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother
26、 appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。53D考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接
27、触的时间，所以D项正确。54B 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。 Passage DNow let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a gr
28、oup of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furt
29、hermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exerci
30、ses have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either
31、 side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his abilit
32、y to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases wou
33、ld seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. 12. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except _.A. ones familiarity with the text. B. ones purpose in readingC. the length of a group of words D. lighting and tiredness13. The author may believe that read
34、ing _.A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mind D. demands more mind than eyes14. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. B. Many expe
35、rts began to question the efficiency of eye training. C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading. D. The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. 15. The tune of the author in writing this article is _A criticalB neutralC pessimisticD optimistic参考答案 CCDA Dear Stud
36、ents:Thank you for your interest in helping with the investigation into mumps(腮腺炎) at University of East Anglia (UEA) .Part 1: What will the oral fluid/saliva sample be tested for? The oral fluid sample you provide will be tested for mumps antibodies and mumps virus. We will not be reporting results
37、 back to individual students. The information gathered will be used to guide public health control of mumps. We will update you via emailing and final outcome to acknowledge your contribution. If you think you have mumps, you will still need to see your GP as per routine. Part 2: What is involved in
38、 the investigation?(1) We will be contacting you by post to request two oral fluid/saliva samples a few weeks apart and possibly a third sample. (2) We will contact your GP to collect information on your vaccination records. Participation is voluntary. You can withdraw anytime without having to give
39、 a reason. Withdrawal will not affect your routine care. As a public health body, the HPA data collection role is strictly governed. All data will be collected and handled in accordance with strict medical confidences. Part 3: What to do next if you would like to enroll?All you have to do now is:(1)
40、 Follow the instructions on the box with regards to taking an oral fluid/saliva swab(棉签)。(2) Complete the request form. If you are unable to complete the vaccination history section, you can leave it blank. (3) Confirm your consent by signing below. (4) Send everything (sample form, signed consent a
41、nd swab sample) back in the prepaid envelope a stamp is not required.If you have any questions, please contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603.Thank you for your time and consideration. I consent to take part in the oral fluid/saliva investigation of mumps at UEA by the HPA.Signature: _Full name: _Da
42、te: _6.It can be inferred from the passage that GP refers to _.A. parent B. doctor C. colleague D. classmate 7. According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.A. all the students at University of East Anglia have to take part in the investigation. B. you dont need to expla
43、in why you want to withdraw from the investigation. C. individual students will not be informed of the test results. D. your routine care will not be affected if you withdraw from the investigation. 8. The data of the investigation will be _.A. sent to the GP by the HPAB. collected by individual stu
44、dentsC. managed according to strict medical confidences D. strictly secret to the HPA9. To enroll the investigation, you have to _.A. complete the vaccination history section of the request formB. send the sample form, the signed consent and the swab sample back at your own expense. C. contact Dr. C
45、hee Yung on 0208 327 7603D. do as the instructions on the box about how to take an oral fluid/saliva swab参考答案 BACD C82013北京卷 DMultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations b
46、y about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist
47、 at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking abilit
48、y with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to
49、report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which co
50、nnects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, S
51、an Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do sug
52、gest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations ev
53、en though theyre dangerous.”67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _A. seek high productivity constantlyB. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a timeD. have the poorest results in doing various things at th
54、e same time68When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _A. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksD. measured the changes of the students understand
55、ing ability69According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _A. limited power in calculationB. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _A. drive v
56、ery skillfullyB. go in for difficult tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。67D 细节理解题。根据第一段“those pe
57、ople turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。68A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69C 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because theyre distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。70C 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。