1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（34）及答案 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys
2、 work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between chi
3、ldren and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example， we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if pa
4、rents， caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful American studies of children
5、 in day care， and they have reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care ha
6、s delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely t
7、o protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter， then，is far from clear-cut，though experience and
8、 available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.This passage primarily argues that _.A infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.B whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.C there is not negative long-term effect on
9、 infants who are sent to school before they are three.D there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.2.The phrase “predispose to” （Para. 1，line 2） most probably means _.A tend to suffer B get into C get into dispose to D lead to3.According to Bowlbys
10、analysis，it is quite possible that _.A Childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.C early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. D some long-te
11、rm effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.4.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that _.A traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C A child did no
12、t live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.5.The writer concludes that _.A it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.B It is not settled now whether early care is reasonabl
13、e for children.C It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.D It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.参考答案BBBCD *结束C22013山东卷 AJimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new
14、 job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was somet
15、hing wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man s
16、aid，“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off
17、or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be intervie
18、wed？” Jimmys heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.“Sorry I had t
19、o keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.56
20、Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of work.BHe was bored with his job.CHe wanted a higher position. DHe hoped to find a better boss.57What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?AA friends car had a flat tyre. BA wild man was pushing a car.CA terrible car accident happened. DAn old m
21、ans car broke down.58Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?AHe was also to be interviewed. BHe needed a travelling companion.CHe always helped people in need. DHe was thankful to Jimmy.59How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?A. He was sorry for the other applicants.B. There was no
22、 hope for him to get the job.C. He regretted helping the old man.D. The interviewer was very rude.60What can we learn from Jimmys experience?A. Where theres a will, theres a way.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. Good is rewarded with good.D. Two heads are better than one.【要点综述】 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲
23、述了吉米是个汽车修理工，几个月前丢掉了工作，他的心态很好，但是总是害怕申请新工作。一天，他在去面试等车的时候，看见一位老人的车坏了，吉米主动帮助老人修好了车，并且没要费用，老人为感谢吉米让他搭车去面试，恰巧面试的经理正是吉米帮助修车的老人，为此，吉米被录用。这个故事充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报。56A考查细节理解。从第一段的第一句“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”可知吉米失去了工作，下文提到吉米找工作面试的问题。故选A。57D考查细节理解。根据第二段的“While waiting f
24、or a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.”可知，吉米在路上遇到一位老人，这位老人的车出问题了。58D考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a
25、 handJimmy said there was no need to pay him”和“Its the least I could do.”可知，老人是为了感谢吉米的帮助，让吉米搭车去面试。59B考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Jimmys heart sank. With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？ he thought to himself.”可知，吉米感到这份工作对他来说没有什么希望了。60C考查推理判断。从全文看，吉米在面试的路上帮助一位老人修车，这位老人正是吉米面试的经理，吉米就被录用了
26、。这充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报(Good is rewarded with good.)。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。Two heads are better than one.两人智慧胜一人。/人多智广。The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period
27、from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do be
28、lieve this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example， we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the fa
29、ther and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents， caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the re
30、sults would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care， and they have reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be
31、 used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the u
32、se of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery
33、easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter， then，is far from clear-cut，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.This passage primarily argues that _.A infants under the age of three shoul
34、d not be sent to nursery schools.B whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.C there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.D there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of thre
35、e.2.The phrase “predispose to” （Para. 1，line 2） most probably means _.A tend to suffer B get into C get into dispose to D lead to3.According to Bowlbys analysis，it is quite possible that _.A Childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B children will
36、be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.C early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. D some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.4.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that _.A traditional societies se
37、parate the child from the parent at an early age.B Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.5.The
38、writer concludes that _.A it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.B It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.C It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.D It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.
39、参考答案BBBCD *结束 Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just cant get started.” People say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better
40、diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.What youre seeking is not physical energy. Its emotional energy. Yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply.
41、 We work too hard. We have family obligations (义务). We encounter (遭遇) emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue (疲劳), a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of thei
42、r lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nevertheless faced life with optimism and vigor (活力). Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself ou
43、t of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. Unlike physical energy, which is finite (有限的) and diminishes (减少) with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it
44、? You cant simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something new.Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: Its like a tire(轮胎) with a slow leak（漏）. You dont
45、 notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leakeven though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. Fortunately, Maura had a lifelinea group of women friends who mee
46、t regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with ashort haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her ow
47、n business. Heres a challenge: If its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. Reclaim lifes meaning.So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to ha
48、ve meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale (厌倦的). The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “I mistakenly believed that all the money I
49、 made would mean something.” she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun z
50、one.Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived（缺乏的）. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to c
51、lients（客户）. “I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “Its a challengeand the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.” We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it i
52、nto your day, you energy will increase quickly.4. Bid farewell （告别）to guilt and regret.Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they cant merely be willed away, I do recommen
53、d you remind yourself that whatever happened in the past, nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.5. Make up your mind.Say youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylishor too extreme? You endlessly think it over.
54、 Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back.6. Give to get.Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the
55、more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy with the latter. You have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it. Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, and then l
56、isten to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you dont smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another personand make the help real, concrete. Give a massage to someone you love, or
57、 cook her dinner, then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what youd do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. After all, if its true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff?1. Laura Hillenbrand is an examp
58、le quoted to show how _ in life.A. physical energy can contribute to ones unsuccessB. emotional energy can contribute to ones successC. physical energy can contribute to ones successD. emotional energy can contribute to ones unsuccess2. The author believes emotional energy is _.A. inherited and gene
59、tically determined B. related to inherited and genesC. not inherited and genetically determined D. related to inherited and upbringing3. Even small changes people make in their lives _ their emotional energy.A. cannot help control B. cannot help increase C. can help control D. can help increase 4、 I
60、vy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to _. A. help herself B. teach herself C. teach poor children D. help poor children5、. The real-estate broker the author knows enjoyed _.A. redecorating the houses B. mentally redecorating the housesC. the same day-to-day work D. defining fun di
61、fferently参考答案BCDDB *结束C22013陕西卷 BIn 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought Id hitch a ri
62、de (搭便车)I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldnt give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thoug
63、ht I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心) me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches.After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twentyfive years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a ne
64、arby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few mo
65、ments of small talk, the man said to me, “You havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago.It was Gordon.50The author had to hitch a ride one day in
66、1978 because _Aher work delayed her trip to Sydney Bshe was going home for her holidaysCthe town was far away from Sydney Dshe missed the only train back home51Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?AHe helped the girl find a ride.BHe gave the girl a ride back home.CHe bought
67、sandwiches for the girl.DHe watched the girl for three hours.52The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that _Ashe realized he was GordonBshe had known him for decadesCshe was going to the nearby townDshe wanted to repay the favour she once got53What does the author want to te
68、ll the readers through the story?AGiving sometimes produces nice results.BThose who give rides will be repaid.CGood manners bring about happiness.DPeople should offer free rides to others.【要点综述】 俗话说：好心有好报。本文讲的是一个人在25年前帮助过别人，而25年后他又得到了那位受助者的帮助。50D细节理解题。由第一段的最后两句可知，作者站在路边搭便车的原因是：通往她家唯一一趟列车已经开走了，选D。51A推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，Gordon帮助作者搭上了顺风车回家，而其他三个选项文中并未提及。52D细节理解题。由第三段中的“I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.”可知选D。53A作者意图题。本文作者的写作目的就是想要告诉读者一个道理：给予有时会产生很美好的结果，选A。