1、 2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（47）及答案阅读理解People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.The research team have
2、 discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females
3、, each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually end
4、s in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear.
5、 The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.The discovery challenges
6、the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.While the habits of go
7、bies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans.
8、“As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males r
9、egularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”【文章大意概括】人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。1、When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it_.A. faces danger B. has breeding rightsC. eats its competito
10、r D. leaves the group itself【详解剖析】推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。【最佳选项】A2、The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _.A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found outC. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away【详解剖析】猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些
11、鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。【最佳选项】D3、The experiment showed that the smaller fish_.A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willinglyC. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish【详解剖析】事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。【最佳选项】B4、What is the text mainly about?A. Fish dieting and human dieting.B. Dieting and health.C. H
12、uman dieting.D. Fish dieting.【详解剖析】主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。【最佳选项】D 2237 West Palmdale BoulevardFresno, California 93706AmToy CorporationSuite 15TransAm BuildingSan Francisco, California 94115November 20,2008Dear Sirs，As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Elec
13、troRobo seen in local media in California. Specifically, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter)published the week of November 15.Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way；that is, they are unable to understand how expensive some toys are for midd
14、leclass parents. Further, your product is violent in nature. Your advertisement gives children the impression that its fine to have“two guns and laser eyes. ”You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them“when you go outside. ”This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.I hope
15、you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children.Sincerely yours，(Mrs.) Alma HernandezPresident, Parents for Nonviolent ToysEnc.Its Here ! Ready for You, Now ! Its ElectroRobo !Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true! El
16、ectroRobo is the worlds first fully automatic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, ElectroRobo is like a friend at home. He can walk, talk, and even shake your hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him. Every boy needs ElectroRob
17、o !Ask your Mom and Dad to buy ElectroRobo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon. Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, ElectroRobo!Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! 【文章大意概括】本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信，反对该公司有误导倾向的广告及有暴力倾向的产品。1What is the purpose
18、of the letter?A. To complain about a broken toy.B. To oppose the advertising.C. To order a gift for Christmas.D. To apply for a job in a toy company.【详解剖析】推理判断题。通读文章可知，写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力倾向和有误导之嫌的广告，故选B。【最佳选项】B2Why does the writer of the letter feel that ElectroRobo is violent?A. It is controlled
19、by radio waves.B. It is expensive to buy.C. It is 80 centimeters tall.D. It bears arms.【详解剖析】事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第二句He has two guns and laser eyes.可知这玩具持有武器。【最佳选项】D3What does“Enc. ”at the end of the letter mean?A. Something attached to the letter.B. A complaint to the toy company.C. A hidden message.D.
20、An encouraging response.【详解剖析】猜测词义题。由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为“附文”。【最佳选项】A4ElectroRobo can do all the following EXCEPT_.A. sitting downB. shaking handsC. talking D. walking【详解剖析】事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的He can walk，talk，and even shake your hand！可知四个选项中只有A没有提及，故选A。【最佳选项】A (2011江西卷，A)“Mum，what does it mean
21、 when someone tells you that they have a skeleton(骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)？” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet？” her mother paused thoughtfully, “Well, its something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dads family had been arrested for s
22、tealing a horse, it would be a skeleton in his familys closet. He really wouldnt want any neighbor to konw about it.”“Why pick on my family？” Jessicas father said with anger. “Your family history isnt so good, you know. Wasnt your greatgreatgrandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for
23、 his crimes？” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now，” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessicas parents were still quite angry with
24、each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessicas closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a sk
25、irt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessicas mother sank into a faint(晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.“What happened? Where am I？” she ask
26、ed. “You just destroyed the schools skeleton, Mum，” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents bega
27、n to laugh madly. “Theyre both crazy，” she thought.本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个幽默故事。杰西卡问妈妈“衣橱里放骨骼”是什么意思，妈妈解释说那是不为人知的秘密，并以杰西卡爸爸的祖先做例子，引起了杰西卡爸爸的恼火。饭后，杰西卡爸爸依然生气，杰西卡妈妈熨完衣服后把衣服放到衣橱里，结果发现了衣橱里的骨骼而吓昏过去。原来杰西卡为了完成学校的健康计划，把骨骼带回了家并放在了衣橱里。1According to Jessicas mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means _.Aa family honor Ba fam
28、ily secretCa family story Da family treasure答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段的“its something that you would rather not have anyone else know about”可知，B项正确。2What can we learn about some Australians ancestors from Paragraph 2?AThey were brought to Australia as prisoners.BThey were the earliest people living in Australi
29、a.CThey were involved in some crimes in Australia.DThey were not regarded as criminals in their days.答案：A。推理判断题。根据第二段的“but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners”可推断A项正确，即一些澳大利亚人的祖先是被作为犯人带到澳大利亚。3Jessicas mother fell down into a faint becau
30、se she was _.Aknocked BfrightenedCinjured Dsurprised答案：B。推理判断题。杰西卡的妈妈是看到了衣橱里的骨骼而晕倒的，我们推断应该是吓倒的。4Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?AShe was curious about it.BShe planned to keep it for fun.CShe needed it for her school task.DShe intended to scare her parents.答案：C。细节理解题。由最后一段的“You just destroyed t
31、he schools skeleton.I brought it home to help me with my health project”可知答案C正确。5Jessicas parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because _.Athey were crazyBthey were overexcitedCthey realized their misunderstandingDthey both thought they had won the quarrel答案：C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，杰西卡的父母误解了
32、杰西卡的意思。B(2011广东卷，B)Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog,
33、and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. The
34、re was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog
35、doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “dog” ，and dogs can learn how to talk “cat”Whats interesting is that both
36、 cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose
37、 to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.
38、 If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.有人一直担心如果在家里同时养猫和狗，它们会相处得不好。可是研究发现猫和狗是可以和谐相处的。既然猫狗都能和谐相处，人和人以及世界大国之间就更容易做到这一点了。6The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. early B. sweetlyC. quickly D. smoothly答案：B。词义猜测题。文章第一段第一句话“Can dogs
39、and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home？”意为“猫和狗在一个家里能和谐相处吗？”有人担心它们会打架，但是研究发现，如果猫被领养在先，而且它们都在很小的时候就认识的话，它们很可能会相处得很和谐。sweetly“甜美地”；smoothly“顺利地”。所以swimmingly在此意为sweetly。另外第二段第一句话：“However, it wasnt all sweetness and light.”中也有暗示。7Some cats and dogs may fight when_.A. they are cold to each ot
40、herB. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstand each others signalsD. they are introduced at an early age答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句话“There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is
41、 probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知因为猫狗的有些身体信号正好相反，所以才打架或对彼此冷漠。8What is found surprising about cats and dogs?A. They eat and sleep together.B. They observe each others behaviours.C. They learn to speak each others language.D. They know something from each others voices.答
42、案：C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog，and dogs can learn how to talk cat”可知答案。9It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.A. have common interestsB. are less different than was thoughtC. have a common body l
43、anguageD. are less intelligent than was expected答案：B。推理判断题。第四段中的“They can learn how to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.”意为：它们能够学会如何去理解彼此的身体语言，这表明猫狗有比我们以前所认为的更多的相同之处。也就是说，猫狗的不同之处比我们原来认为的要少。所以选B。10What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to live in harmony.B. We should know more about animals.C. We should live in peace with animals.D. We should learn more body languages.答案：A。推理判断题。从最后一段可以推知答案。*08*08*结束