1、Unit 2 Exploring English突破语法大冲关 返首页课时分层作业2 构词法(Word Formation)一、构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。返首页课时分层作业3 二、构词法讲解(一)转化法1概念：英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化。2四种转化返首页课时分层作业4 观察典例Lets go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。Women have an equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。He backed
2、 his car into the garage.他把车倒进车库。Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗？The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。返首页课时分层作业5 We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。The old here are living a happy life.这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。返首页课时分层作业6 归
3、纳方法四种转化：动词转化为名词 名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词 形容词转化为名词。返首页课时分层作业7 即时训练 1 句型转换1We had lunch together after the meeting.We together after the meeting.2Lets fill the water into this bottle.Lets the water.lunchedbottle返首页课时分层作业8 3You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.You are so fat that you have to.4Snow often
4、 falls in my hometown in winter.It often in my hometown in winter.snowsdiet返首页课时分层作业9(二)合成法1概念：由两个或多个单词合成一个新词，通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。2三种合成方式(1)连成一个词：butterfly蝴蝶；rainbow彩虹(2)用连字符：well-known著名的；good-for-nothing无用之人(3)分开写：flower bed花坛；high and tight军人发型3四类合成词(1)合成形容词返首页课时分层作业10 观察典例noble-minded高尚的 good-temper
5、ed脾气好的good-looking好看的fine-sounding动听的hard-working勤劳的far-reaching深远的peace-loving热爱和平的face-to-face面对面的state-owned国营的heartfelt由衷的well mannered举止得体的 widespread广泛流传的large-scale大规模的high-class高级的duty-free免税的lifelong终身的，毕生的返首页课时分层作业11 归纳方法合成形容词的构成方式：形容词名词ed 形容词现在分词 副词现在分词 名词现在分词 名词过去分词 副词过去分词 形容词名词 名词形容词 名词
6、介词名词返首页课时分层作业12(2)合成名词观察典例silkworm蚕 bloodtest验血double-dealer两面派shorthand速记waiting room候车室sleeping-pills安眠药pickpocket扒手high school中学handwriting书法wedding dress婚纱get-together联欢会hide-and-seek捉迷藏游戏downfall垮台sit-down坐下休息返首页课时分层作业13 归纳方法合成名词的构成方式：名词名词 形容词名词动名词名词 动词名词 名词动名词 动词连词动词 副词动词 动词副词返首页课时分层作业14(3)合成动
7、词观察典例sleepwalk梦游overthrow推翻whitewash粉刷归纳方法合成动词的构成方式：名词动词副词动词形容词动词返首页课时分层作业15(4)合成副词everywhere到处however无论如何forever永远downstairs在楼下归纳方法合成副词的构成方式：形容词副词 副词副词介词副词 介词名词返首页课时分层作业16 即时训练 2 写出下列合成词的汉语意思。1salesman 2snow-white 3blacklist 4roommate 5undergo 售货员雪白的列入黑名单室友经历返首页课时分层作业17(三)派生法1概念：在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成
8、一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。2前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀返首页课时分层作业18 观察典例appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的illegal非法的lead带领mislead错误引领stop停下non-stop不停possible可能的impossible不可能的regular规则的irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人non-smoker不吸烟的人usual寻常的unusual不寻常的返首页课时分层作业19 归纳方法表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，
9、un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。返首页课时分层作业20(2)其他意义的前缀观察典例alone单独的asleep睡着的forward向前foresee预见international国际的interview会见microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶片midnight午夜mid-autumn中秋的minibus微型汽车miniskirt超短裙rewrite重写return返回review复习superman超人supermarket超级商场telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视返首页课时分层作业21 归纳方法表示其他意义的前缀常
10、用的有：a-表状态；for-，fore-先，前，预；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超；tele-远距离的返首页课时分层作业22(3)改变词性的前缀观察典例large(形容词，大的)enlarge(动词，扩大)courage(名词，勇气)encourage(动词，鼓励)value(名词，价值)devalue(动词，降低的价值)friend(名词，朋友)befriend(动词，与交朋友)little(形容词，小的)belittle(动词，轻视)返首页课时分层作业23 board(名词，甲板)aboard(副词，在船上)side
11、(名词，旁边)aside(副词，在旁边)sleep(动词，睡觉)asleep(形容词，睡着的)door(名词，门)outdoor(形容词，户外的)返首页课时分层作业24 归纳方法改变词性的前缀有：en-，de-，be-，a-，out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。返首页课时分层作业25 3后缀(1)构成名词的后缀观察典例Chinese中国人，汉语Japanese日本人
12、，日语foreigner外国人teacher老师cleaner清洁工sailor水手返首页课时分层作业26 actor演员visitor来访者artist艺术家pianist钢琴家scientist科学家importance重要performance执行absence缺勤difference区别invention发明protection保护agreement同意arrangement安排illness生病kindness善良返首页课时分层作业27 归纳方法构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通的人)，-i
13、st(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。返首页课时分层作业28(2)构成形容词的后缀观察典例nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国American美国的China中国Chinese中国人的返首页课时分层作业29 gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy雪的返首页课时分层作业30 归纳方法构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-e
14、rn(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。返首页课时分层作业31(3)构成副词的后缀观察典例angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东返首页课时分层作业32 归纳方法构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。返首页课时分层作业33(4)构成动词的后缀观察典例wide宽的widen加宽beauty美人，美好beautify美化pure纯
15、的purify提纯real真的realize意识到organ器官organize组织返首页课时分层作业34 归纳方法构成动词的后缀常用的有-en(用于形容词之后)，-fy(使化)，-ize(使成为)。返首页课时分层作业35 即时训练 3 单句语法填空1Theme parks offer more educational things than(amuse)parks do.2Smoke can(black)the white walls.3The weather in Britain is (change)You can find that one minute it is rainy and
16、 the next minute the sun is shining brightly.4Sometimes unknown things appear(mystery)to us.5If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife，some animals will(appear)completely.amusementblackenchangeablemysteriousdisappear返首页课时分层作业36(四)缩略法观察典例LabourLab.(英国)工党NovemberNov.十一月归纳方法上述缩略词是靠截去词的尾部构成的。返首页课时
17、分层作业37 观察典例televisionTV电视postscriptPS附言，又及归纳方法上述缩略词是靠保留前缀及词根的首字母构成的。返首页课时分层作业38 观察典例misterMr 先生doctor Dr 医生；博士归纳方法上述缩略词是靠保留单词的首尾字母构成的。返首页课时分层作业39 观察典例Member of ParliamentMP议员Very Important PersonVIP要人；大人物information technologyIT信息技术Internet Service ProviderISP 互联网服务供应商归纳方法上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按字母分别读音，
18、虚词省略。返首页课时分层作业40 观察典例Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL 托福考试computer assisted learningCAL 计算机辅助学习United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNESCO 联合国教科文组织归纳方法上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按单词读音。返首页课时分层作业41 即时训练 4写出下列词的缩略词1the United States of America美国2World Wide Web万维网3the Voice o
19、f America美国之音4central processing unit中央处理器CPUUSAWWWVOA返首页课时分层作业42.写出下列黑体词的含义1No one nosed the danger before the earthquake.2He was a disturbed child who needed mothering.3Which country is to host the next Olympic Games？主办觉察悉心照顾返首页课时分层作业43 4I want a say in the management of the business.5The governme
20、nt hopes to better the conditions of the workers.6When I passed his room，I saw him papering the wall.用纸糊发言权改善返首页课时分层作业44 7Their jobless total reached a record high since 1940.8If they are nursed properly，the plants will flower in early spring.总数返首页课时分层作业45 9 He fooled a lot of people into believing
21、that he was noble-minded.10After work，the saleswoman didnt head straight home.欺骗；品德高尚的返首页课时分层作业46.单句语法填空1Reading will(large)your vocabulary.2When he is low，I often(courage)him.3Wait and seethe problem wont just(appear)4.(unfortunate)，Chaplin and his friend didnt find any gold but were caught in a sn
22、owstorm.5There is still room for(improve)in your work.enlargeencouragedisappearUnfortunatelyimprovement返首页课时分层作业47 6The (amaze)thing is that it was kept secret for so long.7The two girls are (similar)dressed and I can hardly tell them apart.8When they heard of it，they (immediate)came to my help.9Aft
23、er the long journey，the three of them returned home，hungry and (exhaust)10She felt a (mix)of excitement and fear when hearing the news.amazingsimilarlyimmediatelyexhaustedmixture返首页课时分层作业48.短文语法填空English is a language 1.(speak)all around the world.There are more than 40 countries 2.most of the peopl
24、e speak English.Whats more，the number of people who learn English 3.more than 750 million.Everywhere in the world children go to school 4.(learn)English.Most people learn English for five or six years at high school.In China，most students learn English at school 5.a foreign language.spokenwhereisto
25、learnas返首页课时分层作业49 In only fifty years，English 6.(develop)into the language most 7.(wide)used in the world.English is the working language of most international organizations，international trade and tourism.Businessmen and 8.(tourist)often come to China without being able to speak Chinese.Chinese bu
26、sinessmen，taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.You can listen to English songs through the Internet.With so many people 9.(communicate)in English every day，it will become more and more important to have 10.good knowledge of English.has developedwidelytouristscommunicatinga返首页课时分层作业50 点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!