1、第三部分 写作专题提升篇层级一审题准，表达清高考作文阅卷，时间紧、任务重，一篇作文往往在一分钟内就会被判“生死”。要想赢得高分，首先要赢得阅卷老师的“印象分”。审题偏颇、错误百出的作文让阅卷老师大倒胃口，阅卷老师会毫不怜悯地将其打入低分冷宫。所以，写作要想取得高分，先要把写作基础抓稳。第一讲 准审题为写作定好基调审题是写作的前提，是一篇书面表达成功的关键所在。审题正确可以保证得到基本分，所以真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备工作，具体包含以下几方面：审体裁根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章审格式日记、便条、书信、通知等格式审结构明确开头、正文和结尾的主要内容，定好段
2、落审内容弄清哪些是写作重点，哪些要略写。另外，在写图画类书面表达的时候，要读懂图的意思并注意内容的连贯性审人称和时态弄清书面表达要用何种人称并根据材料确定短文的基本时态(一)“提纲类作文”之审题典例(2019 年全国卷)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友 Chris 球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：1比赛信息；2赛前准备；3表达期待。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题 提纲类作文的审题要点：要注意合理组织要点，将题干中的要点和所给提纲中的要点进行有机地结合，切记不要遗漏题干中的重要信息。分析体裁告知信时态一般现在时和一般将来时人称第一人称为主结构与
3、内容第一段告知队友比赛信息第二段赛前准备第三段表达期望参考范文Dear Chris，Are you excited about our coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School next Friday?Here Id like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.First and foremost,the competition to be held in our school stadium
4、 will begin at 2 pm.and last for roughly 3 hours.So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually.Further,it is necessary for you to take a good rest,which will provide enough energy for you.To sum up,I wish you could live up to the expectations of ou
5、r school.And I firmly believe hard work will pay off!Looking forward to our victory!Yours truly，Li Hua(二)“图画类作文”之审题 典例(2019 年北京卷)假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。注意：词数不少于 60。提示词：西瓜 watermelon_审题 图画类作文的审题要点：要仔细观察所给图画，揣摩故事发展的过程，并适度发挥想象，把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言并注意正能量的传
6、播。在写作时，要注意以下几点：1开头点题，结尾呼应；2把握好人称和时态；3每幅图有一个要点，若干个细节，细节要为要点服务；4注意图与图之间的衔接，可以以时间、空间、人物或事件进展为线索，把每幅图连接起来。分析主题“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动时态一般过去时人称第一人称和第三人称结构与内容第一幅图：开班会，老师强调“劳动最光荣”的主题。第二幅图：回家打包行李去劳动实践。第三幅图：在农场帮助农民摘西瓜，体验劳动的辛苦。第四幅图：回家后与父母分享劳动的快乐。参考范文Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.At th
7、e class meeting，our teacher told us about the programme with the theme“Working is most beautiful”.And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.When I got home，I packed up my luggage for the trip.On the farm,we helped pick watermelons.While working,I realised how hard it was to work i
8、n the fields under a hot sun.When I came back home,I shared my experiences with my parents.And they were very proud of me.第二讲 准表达把内容表达清楚写作中一旦出现较多错误，会导致语意不清、表达不明，阅卷老师潜意识中会认为该考生基本功较差、能力较弱，给阅卷老师留下不好的印象，作文有可能要比想象中的低一档。写作中考生常犯两类错误：一是惯性错误，就是考生在不经意间习惯性犯的错误，这类错误不但常犯而且还是阅卷老师比较敏感的错误，一旦出现这类错误，往往会被“放大”；另一类就是由于使
9、用高级表达而导致的错误。(一)惯性错误要避免1动词类错误动词的种类有很多，从不同角度可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词，也可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词等。(1)实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。写作中常出现的错误有：及物动词后加了介词；不及物动词后少了介词。(2)系动词 be 在写作中非常活跃，但要用好 be 动词却不是一件容易的事。常见错误有：不及物动词用 be 动词构成了被动语态；该含有 be 动词的句子出现遗漏 be 动词的情况。(3)助动词和情态动词不能单独作谓语，写作中常见错误主要是倒装句中少用了助动词或情态动词。(4)谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用是考生最易出错的地方。需注意：
10、谓语动词作谓语，包括时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气；非谓语动词可作除谓语以外的其他成分。典例(2018 年全国卷)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：1短片内容：学校的发展；2放映时间、地点；3欢迎对短片提出意见。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_病文修改以下是一位考生的习作，其中有 5 处错误，请找出并修改。Boys and girls，May I have your attention,please?Recently,an outstanding movie will be show
11、 in our campus.Welcome to join us and enjoy it!Here is some relevant details about it.To begin with,the name of the movie is Growing Together,which is about the development of our beloved school.It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.Besides,please note that i
12、t will be shown in the library from 200 to 400 in the afternoon on June 9th.Whats more,every one of you will welcome to take part in it,enjoying the movie,have a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.Hopefully,you will make it to our activity.I had the confidence that you will ha
13、ve a great time then.The Students Union第一段第二句中的 show 改为 shown，一般将来时的被动语态为“will be过去分词”。第一段第四句中的 is 改为 are,Here be.句型中，be 动词的单复数要根据其后名词的单复数而定。第二段第四句中的 welcome 为形容词，前面需加系动词构成系表结构作谓语，故应在 will 后加 be。第二段第四句中的 have 改为 having，此处与 enjoying 和 giving 并列。第三段第二句中的 had 改为 have，此处表示现在的状况，应用一般现在时。2并列连词与从句引导词类错误并列连
14、词与从句引导词是考生容易出错的地方，下面主要介绍常见的一些错误类型。(1)考生易受汉语干扰导致状语从句中从属连词的重复使用。例如汉语中可以说“因为所以”和“虽然但是”，但在英语中用一个连词即可表示，用了though/although，就不能再用 but；用了 because，就不能再用 so，therefore 等词。(2)写作中经常用同位语从句给文章增添色彩，但是引导词 that 的缺失却令这种色彩暗淡了不少。(3)表语从句的一个易错点是高级表达 The reason why.was that.中 that 的误用，考生容易误用 because。(4)非限制性定语从句中误用 that 在作文
15、中经常会见到，用 which 表示人的状况也是屡见不鲜。典例(2017 年全国卷)假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友 Eric 写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1球队活动；2报名方式及截止日期。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_病文修改以下是一位考生的习作，其中有 5 处错误，请找出并修改。Dear Eric，Im writing to tell you the good news our schools table tennis team is looking for new members.Since you are good a
16、t table tennis,so Id like you to take this opportunity to join our school team.Some details about the team are as follows.Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years,of that we are very proud.Guided by a professional coach team,and members of the
17、team have regular training every Friday afternoon from 330 pm.to 500 pm.When you feel like participating,you can send your information to .The deadline is July 20th.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua第一段第一句中的 news 后的句子为同位语从句，不能省略 that，故 news 后加 that。第一段第二句中的 Since 引导状语从句，逗号后应为主句，so 为多余的
18、词，应去掉。第二段第一句中 years 后为非限制性定语从句，此处介词后的引导词应用 which，故 that 改为 which。第二段第二句是一个简单句，Guided by a professional coach team 为过去分词短语作状语，故 and 多余，应去掉。第二段第三句为条件状语从句，故引导词 When 改为 If。(二)高级表达中出现低级错误太遗憾在阅卷中，阅卷老师常为这样一类卷摇头叹息，无论是从要点的呈现、表达的优美还是衔接的顺畅等方面来看该类卷都近乎完美，应该给高分甚至满分，但偏偏有几处瑕疵给本应完美的习作徒添了些许不和谐的音符，甚至有点刺眼，从而影响了阅卷老师的好心情
19、。阅卷老师为了稳妥起见，在阅卷中尽量避免争议卷的出现，会“惋惜”地扣掉一些分数。因“低级错误”而影响高级得分，岂不遗憾！典例(全国卷)假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：1出发及返回时间；2活动：包饺子、表演节目等。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_病文修改以下是一位考生的习作，其中有 6 处错误，请找出并修改。Dear Lucy，Im writing to tell you that well go to the loca
20、l nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival,that is the day for us to show respect for the elderly.Im wondering if or not you would like to go with us.As you know it,warmth and care is elderly people need.So besides tasty dumplings and cakes,we decide to organize some wonderful singin
21、g and dancing programs for them,I believe it will make them happy.We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon.If you will be able to join us,please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua第一段第一句的非限制性定语从句，不能用 that 引导，故第
22、二个 that 改为 which。第一段第二句中的 if or not 为错误搭配，与 or not 连用只能用 whether，故把 if 改成 whether。第二段第一句中存在两处语法错误：As you know it 中 as 引导定语从句且充当了从句的宾语，故 it 多余，应删除；elderly people need 为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故应在 is 后加上连接代词 what，来引导该从句。第二段第二句缺少关联词，逗号不能连接两个句子，故应将 I believe it 改为 which I believe,which 引导非限制性定语从句，注意此处 I believe 为插
23、入语。第三段第一句是条件状语从句，应用现在时代替将来时，故将 If you will be 改为If you are。即学即练下面两篇习作中都运用了一些高级句式，而且都出现了 5 处错误，请找出其中的错误并加以改正。A(2019 届临川九校联考)假定你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 打算七月来中国，特来信了解中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语给他回一封信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍：1见面时的问候方式；2对赞美的回答方式；3接收礼物时的回应方式；4餐宴礼节。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Peter，Glad to h
24、ear from you and youre welcome to China in July._Yours sincerely，Li Hua学生习作Dear Peter，Glad to hear from you and youre welcome to China in July.Im greatly willing to introduce some significant Chinese customs to you.Firstly,we greet each other by say“Hello”or asking such questions as“Where are you go
25、ing？”or“Are you busy these days？”to express our care.Secondly,when praising,we reply with“Oh,no！”or“Im overpraised.”to show good manners.Additionally,when receiving a gift,we usually say“Its unnecessary.”as well as“Thanks.”to show politeness and then put it away.Finally,at dinner parties,we talk hap
26、py and drink to someones health or success to show that were warm.Anyhow,different cultures,different customs.If you do like the Romans do when in Rome,youll enjoy more of your stay here.I hope whats mentioned above might be help and wish you a good journey.Yours sincerely，Li Hua我来纠错第三句：_第四句：_第六句：_第
27、八句：_第九句：_saysaying praisingpraised happyhappily likeas helphelpful B(2019 届安徽省安庆市二模)假定你是李华，你的家乡将举行庆祝首个“中国农民丰收节(Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival)”活动，请你写封邮件，邀请你的新西兰朋友 Eric 来参加，内容包括：1活动的时间和地点；2活动内容(民俗文化表演、美食品尝及观光活动等)。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_学生习作Dear Eric，How is everything going？I am writing to
28、invite you to participate in the celebrations of the first Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival in my hometown.It will hold on the square from September 22 to September 24,last from 900 am.to 500 pm.every day.The local government will host various activities for the festival,such as folk culture perform
29、ances,tasty food tasting and sightseeing.If you are convenient,you are welcome to visit my hometown.You can have a better understand of Chinese culture through the activities,I believe that you will have a unforgettable time during the festival.Looking forward to your reply.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua我来纠错第三句：_第五句：_第六句：_holdbe held;lastlasting If you are convenientIf it is convenient for you understandunderstanding;unforgettable前aan 谢 谢 观 看 THANKS