1、第二部分 语法专项突破第一板块构建基础词法专题五 代 词栏目导航12知 识 梳 理对 点 训 练知 识 梳 理1一、代词分类 主格I,you,he,she,it,we,they人称代词宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,their物主代词名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,yourselves,themselves,ourselves相互代词each other,one anoth
2、er指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some疑问代词who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whoever关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代词one,some,any,each,none,no,many,much,few,a few,little,a little,other,another,all,both,neither,either,the other 等不定代词，及 some,any,every,n
3、o 等构成的复合不定代词二、代词的几个注意事项 1不定代词 one 泛指“任何一个人”，有 ones 和 oneself 形式One has to take care of oneself and ones family if he can.One shouldnt hesitate to correct ones mistakes.one，ones，the one，the onesone/ones 泛指同类事物中的一个或多个，用以代替上下文已出现过的可数名词I have lost my pen.Im going to buy one.I prefer red roses to white o
4、nes.Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago？the one 代替表示特指的单数名词，the onethatHere are six rings.Pick out the one you like best.Hand me my coat.Its the one hanging on the wall.one，ones，the one，the onesthe ones 代替表示特指的复数名词，the onesthoseDont buy the expensive apples;get the cheaper ones.Id like t
5、o try on those shoes,the ones at the front of the window.all,none，no oneall 表示“(三者或三者以上)所有的”，指代可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，all 可作定语All were present at the meeting.All other children are in the classroom.All of the money has been spent.Say all you know and say it without reservation.none 表示“(三者或三者
6、以上)都不”，作主语时，指代可数名词，谓语动词单复数均可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none 可和of 连用None of this money is mine.None of my friends is/are interested.I wanted some more coffee but there was noneleft.All of the trees were cut down,and none was/were left.None of the students failed the examination.all,none，no oneno one 表示“没有人”，作
7、主语时，谓语动词用单数No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose.Almost no one believed her.both 表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；作定语时，修饰复数可数名词We invited both to come to our farm.Tom and Jack both made some progress.Both of them should make concessions.Both are not party members.both,either，neithereither 表 示“两 者 中 任 何
8、 一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；作定语时，修饰单数可数名词You can park on either side of the road.Either of the brothers is selfish.neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；作定语时，修饰单数可数名词Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.Neither answer is correct.both,either，neitherboth.and.(谓语动词用复数)either.or.neither.n
9、or.（谓语动词采用就近原则）Either you or Jim is going to Shanghai next week.Both Lily and Lucy are not good at Chinese.each 表示“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词，表示两个或两个以上，可以和 of 连用She began to consult doctors,and each doctor had a different diagnosis(诊断)Each of these boys has a phone.each,everyevery 表示“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以
10、上，不可以和 of 连用After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone.There are hospitals in every town of China.“every 数 词/other/few 名词”等结构表示“每隔”We see each other every other day,always at my place.Every few weeks there are new buildings.each,every“each/every 单 数 可 数 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数Every student ha
11、s got a new dictionary.Each student makes a page that describes a certain vocabulary word.other 表示“另一些”，表泛指；any other 表示“(一定范围中)其他任何一个”There must be some other reasons for him refusing to help.I saw Tom with some other fellow students.Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.the other 表示“
12、两者中的另一个”，表特指One of the murderers was caught,but the other is still at large.I have two pictures of the Great Wall here.You have seen one.Now Ill show you the other.other，the other,others，the others，anotherothers 表示“别人，别的东西”，表泛指We should not think only of our children;there areothers to be cared for
13、also.Others may object to this plan.the others 表示“(某一范围内)其余的”，表特指The search party was divided into two groups.Some went to the right;the others went to the left.Jenny is cleverer than any of the others in her class.other，the other,others，the others，anotheranother 表示“(三者或三者以上的)另一个”，表泛指；“another数词复数可数
14、名词”表示在原有基础上需要更多的东西You will have to stay here for another five days.This watch doesnt work.I must get anotherone.few,a few 修饰可数名词，few表示否定，a few 表示肯定The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.Only a few people can solve this problem.a little,little 修饰不可数名词或抽象名词，little 表示否定，a little 表示肯定T
15、here is little rainfall this spring.Although it did not rain for the whole month,there is a little water in the pond.few,a few，little，a littlenot a little 表示“非常”，修饰形容词Mrs.Brown was not a little fat.many 用于修饰可数名词There are many books in our library.many，muchmuch 用于修饰不可数名词Much has been done to protect
16、our environment.some,anysome 一般用于肯定句，也可用于表示反问、建议、邀请、请求的疑问句中；在希望或预料对方可能做出肯定回答的疑问句中用 someSome are doctors;some are nurses.Would you like some water?I have no money at the moment.Could you lend me some？some 还表示不确定的“某一个”，其后跟单数可数名词，不用冠词The disease first broke out in someAsian country.any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中A
17、re there any cartoon books in this store?If there are any new magazines in the library,take some for me.some,anyany 也可用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词单数，意为“(三者或三者以上中的)任何一个”You can get it at any shop.指人：someone,somebody 用于肯定句；anyone,anybody 用于否定句或疑问句；everyone,everybody,no one,nobody 通用I am sure someone will come to hel
18、p us.Did you meet anyone on your way home?Anybody can do this work.Its very simple.复合不定代词指物：something 用于肯定句；anything表示“某某，某东西”时，用于否定句和疑问句；表示“任何事，任何东西”时，用于肯定句；everything,nothing 通用There was something wrong with the car so he had to stop it.He looked at me and didnt say anything.I can hear nothing but
19、 your voice.复合不定代词something 还可表示不确定的描述或数量，意为“大致，左右”；something like that 意为“大致如此”He said he had heard something like that on the radio.复合不定代词分写与合写everyone,someone,anyone 指人，不与of 连用；every one,some one,any one指人，可与 of 连用Someone suggests putting off the meeting.Almost every one of us read the book.部分否定a
20、ll,every,both 以及 every-构成的合成不定代词与 not 连用时，表示部分否定Not all men can be masters.Both(the)windows are not open.Not everyone likes this book.2.指示代词 this,these 指空间上较近的事物；that,those 指空间上较远的事物This is my bed.That is Lilys bed.I like these books,but I dont like those books.this,these，that，those在电话用语中，this 介绍自己，
21、that 询问对方Hello!Is that Miss Green?Yes,this is.Whos that？this,these，that，thosethat 用来代替上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，后面常伴随有限制性的修饰语，如 of 短语、过去分词短语或定语从句；those 代替复数名词The engine of your car is better than that of mine.The book you bought yesterday costs less than that I had bought before.The houses of the rich are g
22、enerally larger than those of the poor.The bikes made in China are as good as thosemade in the USA.三、it 的用法 代替前面提到的名词本身I dropped my watch and it broke.Its hard work,but I enjoy it.用作形式主语或形式宾语Its unknown when he will come.It is hard for him to make up his mind.I think it best that you should stay her
23、e.it的用法 表示性别、身份等无法确认或说明的人或物Is it a boy or a girl?There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.表示时间、气候、季节、距离等Its too late to go there now.It rained all day yesterday.Its summer in Australia now.Its half an hours walk from my home to the school.用于强调句型It was I that/who planted trees this morning
24、.it的用法 用于习惯用法中，it 本身无实际意义You will make it if you try.it的用法it 指上文提到的同一个人或物，不带修饰语；that 特指前边出现的名词，表示同类，但不是同一个；one泛指前面提到的名词的同类中的任何一个，表特指时，用 the oneI have lost my umbrella;Im looking for it.I have lost my umbrella;I think I must buy one.The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.My next guide will be better than the onebefore.点此进入该word板块对 点 训 练2谢 谢 观 看 THANKS